The purpose of this study was to investigate lateral canthal rhytids, which are frequently linked to oxidative stress and skin aging. Acmella oleracea extract-loaded niosomes (AOLN) were fabricated by the “thin film hydration” technique. Further, Formulation was transformed into multi-corrective gel-cream moisturizer (MCGCM) and optimized through Box–Behnken design. Drug Excipient Compatibility, thermal stability testing, fluorescence imaging, and dynamic light scattering were used to characterize the MCGCM. Stability Studies, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities were also conducted. The MCGCM-AOLN has a zeta potential value of −23.6 mV and a particle size of 213.1 nm with a PDI of 0.158. There was no turbidity, color change, or precipitation in the MCGCM-AOLN formulation. Additionally, it displayed texture analysis, including work of cohesion (−117.99), cohesiveness (−8.90), consistency (314.04), and stiffness (12.29). The gel-cream moisturizer had a viscosity of 1379 mPas and less than 100 CFU of microbial colonies. MCGCM-AOLN was shown to have a 45.83% drug release rate and a 24.25% drug penetration rate. In comparison to AOLN, the MCGCM-AOLN showed superior anti-elastase and anti-collagenase inhibitory activities. The results of this study demonstrate AOLN’s potential for use in future cosmetic formulations, especially in the under-eye region, by integrating its bioactive potential in a niosome carrier.

Seedling substrate is essential in industrialized rice seedling cultivation, with its physical properties critically affecting tray-filling machinery performance. This study developed a calibrated discrete element method (DEM) model for a representative substrate formulation consisting of peat, coconut coir, and vermiculite in a 6:3:1 ratio to enable accurate simulation of equipment-substrate interactions. Through systematic laboratory testing and numerical calibration, key contact parameters including static and rolling friction coefficients were determined using the angle of repose as the calibration criterion. Significant parameters were identified through Plackett-Burman design and optimized via steepest ascent and Box–Behnken experimental methodologies. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination, comprising a static friction coefficient of 0.459 between peat and coconut coir, 0.525 between peat and vermiculite, and a rolling friction coefficient of 0.409 between coconut coir and vermiculite, produced a simulated angle of repose of 38.70°. This value demonstrated only 2.95% deviation from experimental measurements. Additional validation through uniaxial compression simulations revealed a 2.9% relative error in maximum compressive displacement compared to physical tests. The calibrated DEM model accurately represents the substrate’s mechanical behavior, providing a reliable foundation for optimizing tray-filling equipment design.

We numerically investigate the lateral migration of deformable particles in rectangular-channel Poiseuille flow using a fictitious-domain method with distributed Lagrange multipliers. Compared with rigid particles, deformable particles experience significantly deformation-induced lift, driving them toward the channel corners. During migration, soft particles remain farther from the wall than stiff particles and, after reaching a corner, shift away from the corner along the bisector, whereas stiff particles attain stable equilibrium at the corner. In the case of cylindrical particles, migration is irregular and accompanied by stronger vorticity, enhanced cross-stream velocities, and continuous tumbling with pronounced deformation. By focusing on rectangular-channel geometry, this work reveals deformability-dependent corner migration and finite-offset equilibria that are absent in rigid-particle dynamics, and extends the analysis to deformable cylinders to expose shape-driven irregular migration and tumbling.

To improve the efficiency of existing cone crushers, this study proposes a moving cone liner optimization method: wedge grooves are arranged on the moving cone surface, and the gap between the grooves and the fixed cone wall enables combined compression-shear crushing, overcoming the limitation of the traditional single-compression mode. Based on EDEM numerical simulation, 25 groups of 4-factor-5-level orthogonal experiments are designed to investigate the effects of moving cone rotation speed, wedge groove angle, upper depth, and lower depth on crushing performance. Using the average crushing ratio as the core index, Minitab-based statistical analysis clarifies the parameter influence weights. The optimal parameters are determined as follows: upper depth of 50 mm, lower depth of 9 mm, wedge groove angle of 60°, and moving cone rotation speed of 390 r/min. Compared with the traditional groove-free structure, the optimized liner increases the qualified product rate by 12.27% and productivity by 4.49%, reduces P80 specific energy consumption by 23.7%, increases the passing rate of particles smaller than 15 mm by 13.5%, and reduces moving cone liner wear by 48.1%, thus realizing the synchronous improvement of crushing efficiency, product quality, and equipment durability.

As an important flotation technology, NBs flotation technology has been less studied in terms of the flotation mechanism of fine-grained gold-bearing pyrite. The comparative test results of NBs flotation and conventional flotation kinetics show, NBs flotation can increase the recovery rate of gold concentrate by 8 percentage points and the gold grade by 2 g/t. Through the experiment on the particle size recovery rate of flotation concentrate, it was found that the NBs flotation can capture gold particles as small as 0.4 μm, which is 2.3 μm lower than the lower limit of the captured particle size by conventional flotation. To elucidate the mechanism by which NBs enhance the flotation of fine pyrite particles, this study focused on characterizing fine pyrite particles using advanced techniques, including nanoparticle tracking analysis, turbidity measurement, surface tension measurement, and optical microscopy. The presence of NBs not only improves the hydrophobicity of fine-grained pyrite surfaces, reducing the surface tension of the solution from 53.5 mN/m to 51.3 mN/m, but also facilitates the aggregation of fine pyrite particles into flocs. This aggregation significantly increases the d50 of the pyrite particles from 35.84 μm to 57.12 μm, thereby enhancing the recovery of fine-grained mineral particles.

Ivermectin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using emulsion solvent evaporation method and optimized through 32 factorial design, varying PLGA and Poloxamer 188 concentrations. The optimized nanoparticles were incorporated into Carbopol 940-based serums (0.5–1.0% w/v) and characterized for physicochemical properties, ex vivo permeation, and stability. The factorial design revealed significant influence of variables on particle size and drug release (p < 0.001). The optimized formulation (0.5% PLGA, 1.5% Poloxamer 188) exhibited small particle size (142.6 nm), size distribution (PDI = 0.175), zeta potential (−16.8 mV), and encapsulation efficiency (70.5%). This formulation demonstrated 96.7% drug release following Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics. Formulations, FS1 (0.5% Carbopol 940) showed superior spreadability (18.6 g.cm/sec) and highest ex vivo permeation (90.45% at 12 hours) with enhanced steady-state flux (21.32 μg/cm2/h) compared to conventional formulations. Accelerated stability studies confirmed the formulation remained stable for six months. The optimized ivermectin-loaded PLGA nanoparticle-based face serum provides a promising approach for enhanced topical delivery in rosacea treatment.

Tunnel excavation predominantly employs the drill-and-blast method, and the dust pollution generated during this process is primarily influenced by entrained airflow induced by particles flow jet during drilling. To investigate the characteristics of entrained airflow, this study establishes a particles flow jet model for the drilling process in tunnel cross-sections. After validating the model’s accuracy using existing theoretical frameworks, the effects of particle source diameter(D) and spatial position(s/d) on entrained airflow are analyzed. For the first time, the average wall-adhesion effect is introduced to evaluate the influence of tunnel sidewalls on the flow rate of entrained air during particles flow jet processes. The results demonstrate: When s/d ≤ 7, the Coanda effect dominates, stabilizing wall-adherent entrained airflow. The s/d = 7 serves as a critical threshold, where partial airflow separation from the wall and reflux phenomena occur. At s/d ≥ 10, the entrained airflow transitions to exhibit free jet characteristics, with dimensionless entrained velocity following a Gaussian distribution. The particle source orifice area shows a significant positive correlation with the core velocity of the entrained airflow. The flow rate of entrained air exhibits a pronounced nonlinear growth pattern with increasing jet distance, modulated by the coupling of particle source diameter(D) and spatial position(s/d). Key findings include: For D ≥ 3.5 cm, an anomalous entrained enhancement effect is observed near the cross-section, with maximum flow rate of entrained air occurring at S = 5d. For D ≤ 3.5 cm, the wall-adhesion effect on airflow flux diminishes as S increases, while for D ≥ 5 cm, the wall-adhesion effect follows an inverted ‘V’-shaped response. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for implementing effective dust suppression measures in tunnel excavation practices.

The increasing relevance of nanofluids in modern engineering and technology has led to a remarkable surge in research focusing on their enhanced thermal properties, stability, and flow behavior under various physical conditions. Consequently, this study comprehensively examines how nanoparticle aggregation influences the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of AA7075-alloy nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) base fluid. The assumed steady flowing fluid over a stretching sheet subjected to an externally applied magnetic field, Hall current and ion-slip effect is investigated. The concept of aggregation is incorporated into the effective transport properties through modified Maxwell, Bruggeman, and Krieger-Dougherty models. The governing boundary layer equations are reduced to ordinary differential form via similarity transformations and subsequently solved using a robust numerical scheme. The results reveal that non-aggregated nanoparticles exhibit higher temperature profiles and greater local Nusselt numbers owing to improved effective thermal conductivity, whereas aggregated suspensions increase effective viscosity, enhance dispersion stability, and damp transient thermal peaks. Quantitatively, a 9.3% reduction in drag force and a 5.0% enhancement in heat transfer are observed. Furthermore, Hall current and ion-slip parameters significantly influence both velocity and temperature fields, providing valuable insights for thermal management and process optimization applications.

This study aimed to optimize the physicochemical and biological properties of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to formulate stable and effective furosemide (FUR) nanoformulations for pediatric hypertension therapy, addressing the addressing challenges related to poor stability and low solubility. Based on solubility studies, Transcutol® HP and Precirol® ATO5 were selected for the preparation of SLNs and NLCs. The influence of surfactant combination on NP mean diameter, PDI, and zeta potential was examined meticulously. Nano­formulations were subsequently selected based on FUR loading, encapsulation efficiency, and release profile. In both SLNs and NLCs, employing Gelucire® 44/14 as a surfactant instead of Pluronic F68 or Tween® 80 significantly reduced the mean diameter and enhanced encapsulation efficiency and FUR release rate. NLCs demonstrated superior performance compared to SLNs, achieving approximately 90% FUR encapsulation (versus 80%) and 90% FUR release after 300 min (compared to 65%). All tested nanoformulations exhibited satisfactory physical stability at 4 °C after six months; however, there was a greater loss of FUR in SLNs (15%) than in NLCs (<5%). Furthermore, all chosen nanoformulations showed no toxic effects on HT-29 cells and could traverse the epithelial intestine, as indicated by HT-29 cell uptake studies. These promising results indicated that FUR-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers represent a promising drug delivery system for hypertension treatment and nursing care.

This study investigates the atomization behavior of white tea essential oil a fragrance system predominantly composed of methyl dihydrojasmonate and Galaxolide; using a custom-built twin-fluid atomizer equipped with 3D-printed outer nozzles of twin-fluid atomizer. A laser diffraction particle size analyzer was employed to systematically evaluate the effects of three key factors on droplet size distribution (DSD) and volume median diameter (Dv50): gas inlet pressure, outer nozzle orifice diameters of a twin-fluid atomizer, and solvent formulation. Results show that increasing the inlet pressure significantly reduces Dv50 and improves droplet uniformity. By innovatively employing 3D-printed customized nozzles, this study systematically reveals key regulation mechanisms of atomization performance: the 1.2–1.3 mm aperture achieves an optimal balance between droplet uniformity and spatial coverage, while the unique performance of epoxy resin material at larger apertures suggests its interfacial properties may promote liquid film breakup. These findings provide new research perspectives and theoretical references for material selection and structural design in precision atomization devices.