In the reaction of vanillin and acetone under Claisen-Schmidt conditions, dehydrozingerone, a very attractive biologically active compound, is obtained. This compound served as a starting material for the synthesis of O-alkyl derivatives which further react with hydrazine hydrate in formic acid, yielding a new series of N-formyl pyrazolines. All new products were identified and well characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. An ADME study was performed to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of the synthesized derivatives. The preliminary in vitro cytotoxic activity of pyrazolines against the human cervix adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa) was evaluated using the MTT method. Among the series, compounds 3c, 3d and 3f showed the most promising cytotoxic activity. Morphology changes of HeLa cells treated with selected compounds were visualized and compared with that of the control.

Matrix metalloproteinases, particularly MMP9, play a pivotal role in asthma pathology by influencing extracellular matrix remodeling and inflammation. This study examined 100 Serbian pediatric asthma patients to explore the correlation between MMP9 3' UTR polymorphisms and MMP9 protein levels, and their impact on therapy response and asthma control. The analysis revealed two key polymorphisms (rs13925 and rs20544) in the MMP9 gene's 3'UTR, with higher frequencies of the rs20544 T allele and TT genotype in patients with well controlled asthma. Positive correlations were found between MMP9 serum levels and blood leukocyte count, and CRP levels. Patients with not well controlled disease exhibited significantly higher MMP9 levels than those with well controlled asthma (p=0.027), indicating MMP9's potential role in asthma therapy response.

This study was conducted to determine the water quality of the Raška River based on physical and chemical parameters and the community of aquatic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators. The research was conducted in August 2023 at six sites. A total of 61 taxa of aquatic macroinvertebrates were identified, with Diptera being the most diverse (20 taxa). The indicative ecological status of the source of the Raška River and the site above the trout farm was assessed as good (Class II), while the site below the farm corresponds to a moderate ecological status (Class III). In the three studied sites, located in populated areas with intensive industrialization, we detected high levels of nitrates, orthophosphates, and ammonia, along with organisms that can tolerate high organic pollution. Consequently, all sites downstream from the center of Novi Pazar exhibited poor water quality (Class IV). This underscores the critical necessity for action to improve and sustain water quality.

This study explores the initiation mechanisms of laser-induced breakdown in water-like tissues by examining the impact of ultra-short laser pulses at varying wavelengths. Using numerical simulations, we analyse the electron dynamics triggered by pulse durations from 1 fs to 150 fs at two specific wavelengths, 400 nm and 800 nm. The results highlight how shorter pulses predominantly drive photoionization due to their intense peak powers, while longer pulses facilitate cascade ionization, enhancing electron densities through prolonged interactions with the tissue. Our analysis reveals that the deeper penetration of 800 nm pulses allows for more significant cascade ionization effects, particularly at extended pulse durations, leading to a substantial increase in electron density. This study underscores the role of pulse duration and wavelength in influencing the primary ionization processes essential for laser induced breakdown, providing a foundation for optimizing laser applications in medical and material sciences.

The purpose of this research is to develop an HPLC method for determining the content of voriconazole enantiomers in powder for solution for infusion. Chromatographic analysis was conducted using a brush-type (Pirkle-type) stationary phase with isocratic elution. The mobile phase comprised a triethylamine-formate buffer system at pH 5.0/methanol/acetonitrile in an 80/15/5 (v/v/v) ratio, flowing at 1.0 mL/min. The temperature of the column was maintained at 30°C, and UV detection was carried out at 256 nm. The method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. After the selectivity was confirmed, a satisfactory resolution of the voriconazole enantiomers in the powder for solution for infusion was obtained. Order of the elution of the enantiomers was verified by comparing the retention times of the enantiomers in the sample with the corresponding standard of pure voriconazole isomer (impurity D). Linearity for voriconazole impurity D was assessed within a concentration range from 0.600 µg/mL to 1.500 µg/mL (correlation coefficient > 0.9999). Method precision was confirmed through intra-assay precision and inter-assay precision (RSD < 2%). The accuracy of the method was tested by analyzing three different concentrations, with analytical yields ranging from 93.75% to 102.27%. The validated method proved to be suitable for routine analysis in testing optical purity of voriconazole powder for solution for infusion.

The aim of this study is to better understand the floristic composition of the Brdjani Gorge serpentinite habitat, focusing on diversity, conservation status and possible conservation strategies for specific plant groups. The results show that the gorge area is populated by 119 plant species distributed across 85 genera and 36 families. Among these species, there are autochthonous species specific to the habitat, such as Asplenium adulterinum, Hemionitis marantae, Halacsya sendtneri and Silene paradoxa. Upon reviewing the IUCN Red List shows that most species are classified as "Not evaluated," indicating that the conservation status of these species still needs to be studied in detail. However, human activities such as the construction of the municipal landfill pose a significant threat to the native plant species. Due to the important role of serpentinite habitats in the conservation of biodiversity, immediate action is needed to protect this valuable area in Serbia.

The impact of a small hydropower plant (SHP) on aquatic communities (benthic algae, macroinvertebrates and ichthyofauna) and water quality was investigated in the Panjica River (Serbia). The field research was conducted at three localities in November 2024. The results showed differences in community composition between localities upstream and downstream of the SHP, with the greatest impact observed immediately downstream of the water intake. A decline in benthic diatom and macroinvertebrate diversity was observed. Non-diatom algae more clearly indicated the changes in habitat conditions caused by the SHP's operation, as evidenced by the excessive growth of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus autumnalis. The greatest impact was observed in the ichthyofauna, which was absent at the site immediately downstream of the SHP. The ecological status assessment based on diatoms showed no differences, while the macroinvertebrates indicated a deterioration in water quality downstream of the SHP. Long-term monitoring is recommended to better assess SHP's impact.

This study explored the relationship between soil properties and heavy metal concentrations in soil and selected plants from Kopaonik National Park and the Aleksandrovac municipality in Serbia. Soil samples were analyzed for texture, basic chemical properties, and the plant-available fraction of various metals, while plant material was assessed for macroand microelement content. Significant differences were observed between the localities, both in soil properties and plant metal accumulation. Prunus domestica L. exhibited strong bioaccumulation efficiency for most microelements, making it a significant candidate for phytoremediation. Notable accumulation of sodium, potassium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, and chromium was observed in Capsicum annuum L., while Juniperus communis L. efficiently accumulated magnesium, calcium, manganese, molybdenum, and cobalt. Due to their capacity to bioaccumulate heavy metals, especially cadmium, these species highlight a dual role in phytoremediation efforts and underscore the need for careful agricultural management to mitigate consumer health risks in contaminated areas.

The Eurasian Eagle-owl represents a widely distributed but locally scarce apex predator whose biology and ecology in Serbia remain understudied. Here, we examined the spatial and altitudinal distribution, population size, and territory density of this species in Eastern Serbia. Our surveys identified 79 owl territories spread across 51 10×10 km UTM squares, resulting in a mean density of 0.5 territories/100 km². The territories were unevenly distributed, primarily concentrated in hilly terrains, river valleys and along mountain edges. The altitudinal range of identified territories spanned from 65 to 645 m, with the majority located in hilly zones below 500 m. Notably, we discovered 42 new, previously undocumented territories. Based on the collected data and habitat modelling, we estimate that the number of Eagle-owl territories in Eastern Serbia ranges from 135 to 170. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the species' ecology and form a solid framework for future studies.

The overwhelming applications of hydromagnetic flows of hybrid nanofluid and second-grade nanofluid in advanced nanotechnology and biomedical fields motivated this research work. This paper explores the heat transfer in unsteady hydromagnetic flows of Titanium Oxide-Copper Oxide-Engine Oil (TiO2-CuO-EO) second-grade hybrid nanofluid in a uniform porous matrix bounded by two symmetrically placed vertical walls. The magnetic field applied strength is considered strong enough to generate Hall and ion-slip currents and is considered moving. The governing equations are obtained from the fundamental physical laws involved in the physical problem. An analytical approach is opted for solving the governing equations. The MATLAB computation of the solutions highlights the impressions of flow impacting parameters to the velocity, temperature, shear stress and rate of heat transport. Two special cases of interest are considered for the results analysis, namely, (a) the moving magnetic field, and (b) the stationary magnetic field. The study results infer that the static magnetic field employs the flow-suppressing force while the moving magnetic field employs the flow-boosting force in the flow field. In a static magnetic field, the velocity in the hybrid nanofluid is higher than the nanofluids. This behaviour is reversed in the moving magnetic field. The hybrid nanofluids are thermally more efficient than the nanofluids. In this study, it is noted that the rate of heat transfer at the left moving wall in the hybrid nanofluid is smaller than the nanofluid while at the right static wall, this effect is the opposite. This may be due to the fluctuation of wall temperature of the left-moving wall.