Reveiw This paper delves into the ground-breaking role of MicroRNA in forecasting cancer, focusing particularly on breast cancer.MicroRNAs, tiny non-coding RNA molecules, govern gene expression and have surfaced as encouraging biomarkers for cancer prognosis.Traditional approaches to breast cancer forecasting, like mammography and genetic testing, come with constraints in accuracy and sensitivity.MicroRNA-dependent prognostication techniques present benefits, such as stability in bodily fluids, tissue-specific expression patterns, and the potential for non-invasive testing.These techniques can enhance precision, sensitivity, and specificity, resulting in timely detection and personalized treatment plans.Despite the promising outlook for MicroRNA in cancer prognosis, obstacles like standardization of detection techniques and ethical dilemmas require attention.Scopus, PubMed and, Web of Science databases were used, and articles were extracted and reviewed using the keywords microRNA, Breast Cancer, Prediction.The paper concludes that MicroRNA is poised to assume a pivotal role in the timely identification and efficient management of cancer, heralding a new age of tailored medicine.

Introduction: Molar incisor hypo mineralization (MIH) is defined as extensive progressive enamel defects with a developmental origin.This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of molar incisor hypo mineralization (MIH) in 6-12-year-old Iranian children 2022. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on all 6-12-year-old Iranian children residing in Ilam City, Iran, in 2022.For clinical oral examination, the surface of maxillary and mandibular permanent first molars and incisors was cleaned with a gauze and inspected and examined under adequate lighting and by using a dental explorer in wet conditions for the presence of opaque spots, surface degradation, and caries.The Chi-square and multiple logistic model were applied.Data were analyzed in SPSS V.24 at the level of 0.05 significance.Results: Totally 1,016 children between 6-12 years participated in the study's first phase, 112 had MIH, yielding a prevalence rate of 11% for this condition.MIH was found in 53.2% of maxillary molars, 37.1% of mandibular molars, 9.7% of both maxillary and mandibular molars, 66% of maxillary incisors, 32% of mandibular incisors, and 2% of both maxillary and mandibular incisors.History of cesarean section (P<0.001),gestational diabetes (P=0.001),Chickenpox (P=0.041),Newborn jaundice (P<0.001),Otitis (P=0.036),Urinary tract infection (P=0.020),Antibiotic therapy (P<0.001) and Respiratory problems (P=0.047)had a positive association with MIH. Conclusion:The prevalence of MIH was 11% in the study population, and cesarean section, gestational diabetes, medication intake during pregnancy, genetics, newborn jaundice, respiratory problems, otitis, urinary tract infection, antibiotic therapy, and chickenpox were significantly correlated with its occurrence.

Introduction: Addiction is a chronic disease leaving deep social, psychological, physical, and economic effects on the individual.This study aimed to assess the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on suicidal thoughts, sensation seeking, and distress tolerance in substance users. Materials and Methods:This was a quasi-experimental controlled trial with a pretest/posttest design.The study population consisted of all substance-dependent individuals who were referred to the addiction treatment center of the psychiatric department of Mustafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam in 2022.Using the convenience sampling method, 32 individuals were selected as the sample population and were randomly assigned to two groups of 16 individuals.In this study, the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale (BSSI), and Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) were used to collect data.The data analysis method was descriptive and inferential statistics.Data were analyzed using Chi Square, Pillay effect, Wilks' lambda, Hoteling effect, Root Largest Rey, and multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) tests in SPSS v.16, with a significance level of 0.001.Results: Acceptance and commitment therapy was effective on the studied variables.The findings of this study showed that acceptance and commitment therapy reduced suicidal thoughts (P < 0.001), reduced sensation seeking (P < 0.001), and increased distress tolerance (P<0.001). Conclusion:Acceptance and commitment therapy has positive effects on suicidal thoughts, sensation seeking, and distress tolerance in male substance users, reducing suicidal thoughts and sensation seeking and augmenting distress tolerance in them.

Introduction: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental disorder that can have significant psychosocial consequences, making it important to identify factors involved in its development and maintenance.The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-concept in the relationship between social well-being and BDD in individuals seeking treatment at beauty clinics in Ahvaz City.Materials & Methods: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional correlational design was utilized in this study to examine the relationships among BDD, self-concept, and social wellbeing.Participants were 180 individuals diagnosed with BDD who sought treatment at beauty clinics in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2022.A convenience sample was employed for participant recruitment.Data were collected using the Body Dysmorphic Metacognitive Questionnaire, Self-Concept Questionnaire, and Social Well-being Questionnaire.Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted using AMOS, complemented by Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS version 16, to test the proposed theoretical model.All statistical analyses were conducted with a significance level of 0.05. Results:The results of the study indicated that the model fit indices were within the acceptable range.There was a significant negative correlation between BDD and both social well-being (r = -0.34)and self-concept (r = 0.22).Moreover, the indirect relationship between social well-being and BDD, mediated by self-concept, was significant (P = 0.010). Conclusion:The results indicate a robust association between BDD, self-concept, and social well-being.Specifically, findings suggest that individuals with heightened BDD symptoms tend to report lower self-concept and diminished social well-being.

Introduction:Selecting a residency field is crucial for physicians, with psychiatry being a less popular choice among graduates.Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the factors that influence medical students' attitudes towards psychiatry to enhance their education.The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of medical students towards the specialized field of psychiatry. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study, conducted in 2021 at Kerman University of Medical Sciences, involved a sample size of 348 individuals.Data collection was conducted using a researcher-designed questionnaire.The studied variables were analyzed using Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and independent t-test.Data were analyzed by SPSS V.24 at the level of significance less than 0.05. Results:The results of our study showed that the mean score of attitudes in the students was 59. 54 13.22 (21-96), which had no statistically significant relationship with age (P-value = 0.242), marital status (P-value = 0.46), gender (P-value = 0.827), GPA (P-value = 0.961), or level of education (P-value = 0.188).Also, it was found that 45.4% were against choosing psychiatry as a specialized field, 19.6% had no opinion, and only 35% agreed with choosing it as a specialized field. Conclusion:The study found that students had a positive attitude toward psychiatry, but their low interest in pursuing it suggests the need for targeted training programs to raise awareness and promote it as a viable career option alongside other fields.

Introduction:Formative Assessment is integral to medical education, serving the purpose of enhancing learning efficacy, providing feedback to students and faculty, and refining teaching methodologies for student advancement and academic progression.This study was therefore designed with the aim of investigating formative assessment and its impact on the education of students. Materials and Methods:This study was a scoping review are based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework.

Introduction: Critical thinking is one of the most key skills needed by an outstanding student, which can lead to beneficial results by influencing the learning process.Measuring the state of critical thinking among students and searching for the relationship of this variable with factors such as learning styles can be a guide for policymakers and educational managers in designing and revising educational strategies.Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between critical thinking and learning styles. Materials and Methods:The current study was a cross sectional research which conducted in 2023.The participants were 110 first-year students who studying at Ilam University of Medical Sciences in the fields of health, nursing and midwifery, medical emergencies and allied health professions.The data were collected using VARK learning styles questionnaire and the California Critical Thinking Skills Test Questionnaire Form B. Statistical tests included independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) which imported to SPSS V.21 at the level of significance less than 0.05. Results:The average critical thinking score of the participants was 8.55.More than half of the studied students had two or more learning styles.There is a statistically significant relationship between singlestyle and multi-style modes of VARK learning and evaluation skills (p=0.034) and inductive reasoning (p=0.009) of critical thinking. Conclusion:It is necessary to strengthen the skills related to reasoning and critical thinking among students of medical sciences with a longitudinal theme approach, both in the form of official curriculum and in the form of short-term training courses.

Introduction:The larvae of the genus Echinococcus cause the parasitic disease Hydatidosis.Hydatidosis commonly affects the liver and lungs but can occur in any part of the body, including rare sites like musculoskeletal tissue.Case Report: We reported a case of a 42-year-old male nurse with a painless mass in the anterior region of his right thigh that developed between 2009 and 2023.No history of trauma, lesions, walking difficulties, or impact on daily activities were observed.Abolfazl Hospital in Kashmar admitted him from Bandar Abbas, Southern Iran.The preoperative diagnosis was lipoma.Blood tests were normal.Both sonography and magnetic resonance imaging detected multiple cysts measuring 140*45 mm and 144*51*32 mm, respectively.Imaging exams showed the size, shape, and location of the cyst.Surgery confirmed the diagnosis of a hydatid cyst.Histopathological examination confirmed a Hydatid cyst diagnosis. Conclusion:Hydatid cysts in muscles could occur rarely in muscle (0.5%-2.5%).Thus, it's important to consider Hydatidosis in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue masses in lowprevalence areas.

Introduction:Coronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging respiratory infectious disease caused by a strain of the coronavirus family.Vaccination is one of the main ways to control this disease.This study was conducted to investigate the severity of pulmonary involvement and some clinical outcomes in vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods:This retrospective study was conducted between December 2021 and May 2022 with 200 patients in two groups.Sampling was done as available, and patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital were investigated.Data analysis was performed using SPSS V.16, applying Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests were used at a 5% significance level. Results:The average age of the studied patients was 59.2 (17) years; the most common pattern of lung involvement in this study was the GGO pattern.According to the report in the documents, 45 people in the vaccinated group and 9 people in the unvaccinated group did not have any lung involvement in CT, and the observed difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001).In the oxygen saturation percentage, the lowest level (75%) was observed in the unvaccinated group.Also, the difference in average hospitalization days between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.050). Conclusion:The results of this study showed that the COVID-19 vaccine can effectively reduce the extent and severity of lung involvement and the need for supplemental oxygen in vaccinated patients.