In the current digital era, learning models are continuously undergoing rapid changes and developments, marked by the emergence of various strategies, methods, and diverse learning approaches. However, amid these advancements, the traditional learning model in Javanese pesantren persists to this day. One enduring model is Quranic learning. This article aims to explore the sustainability and relevance of the Quranic learning model in Javanese Pesantren, which remains integral to Islamic education in Indonesia. The research methodology employed is descriptive qualitative, utilizing data derived from interviews and observations conducted at al-Balagh Pesantren in East Java. The findings of this research reveal that the Quranic learning model in Islamic boarding schools possesses unique and distinctive characteristics, placing a primary emphasis on Quranic studies. The sorogan and bandongan learning methods are two commonly employed approaches in Javanese Pesantren. These methods significantly impact the learning process within these boarding schools, particularly in reinforcing students' comprehension of the subject matter and fostering social interaction skills, as well as establishing connections with teachers and peers.

Ta'lim al-Muta'allim is a seminal classical work on Islamic education that emphasizes learning ethics, purity of intention, the central role of teachers, and the ultimate goal of knowledge as a means of attaining closeness to Allah. This study aims to examine Ta'lim al-Muta'allim through the lens of the philosophy of science within the context of contemporary Islamic education. Employing a qualitative approach with content analysis, this research explores the ontological, epistemological, and axiological dimensions of knowledge in al-Zarnuji’s thought and their relevance to character formation and moral resilience in the era of globalization. The findings reveal that Ta'lim al-Muta'allim presents an ontological view that true knowledge is inherently moral and spiritual rather than value-neutral. From an axiological perspective, knowledge serves as a means to promote benefit, uphold justice, and strengthen the human relationship with God. The integration of knowledge and morality constitutes the foundation that connects intellectual development with ethical growth. The study concludes that an educational curriculum integrating cognitive and moral dimensions—as reflected in Ta'lim al-Muta'allim—enhances students’ moral resilience amid global ethical challenges. This research contributes to the discourse on the philosophy of science in Islamic education by reaffirming the necessity of linking knowledge, values, and spirituality in developing a holistic and sustainable educational paradigm.

Muslim authors who depict Islam or Muslim societies in a critical light are frequently accused by fellow Muslim critics of being cultural intermediaries (compradors) who perpetuate neo-Orientalist narratives and reinforce negative stereotypes of Muslims in Western discourse. This study examines how Islam and Muslim identities are represented in four key diasporic works, Husain’s The Islamist, Yassin-Kassab’s the Road from Damascus, Aslam’s Maps for Lost Lovers, and Moaveni’s Lipstick Jihad. By analyzing these texts, the paper explores the ethical and intellectual responsibilities of Muslim writers when revealing uncomfortable or contentious “truths” about their own communities. Across these narratives, Islam is frequently portrayed as a repressive system, whether in state forms such as Saudi Arabia and Iran, or within conservative diasporic contexts, such as Muslim communities in the United Kingdom. Through a comparative analysis, this paper interrogates whether these self-critical Muslim voices, articulated through both memoir and fiction, inadvertently reinforce hegemonic Western discourses that stereotype Muslims, or alternatively, whether they contribute to a more nuanced understanding of Islam’s diversity and the multifaceted experiences of Muslims in global contexts.

The legend of al-Dahhāk represents one of the most complex mythological narratives transmitted through both Persian and Arabic Islamic historiography. Rooted in pre-Islamic mythic traditions, this figure has been reinterpreted by Muslim historians to reflect evolving cultural, political, and theological contexts. This study aims to analyze the historical and intellectual dimensions of the al-Dahhāk narrative through a comparative examination of Persian and Arabic Islamic sources. Employing a historical-analytical comparative method, the research draws upon early primary sources such as al-Ṭabarī, al-Masʿūdī, al-Bīrūnī, and Firdawsī’s Shāhnāmah, alongside the Avesta as a pre-Islamic reference text. The analysis reveals significant divergences between Arabic and Persian accounts regarding al-Dahhāk’s origin, identity, and geography. While Arabic sources often associate him with Yemen or Babylon, Persian traditions depict him as a tyrant linked to the ancient Iranian dynasties. The study argues that al-Dahhāk symbolizes not a single historical individual but a dynastic archetype—possibly representing the Assyrian Empire—whose reign embodies tyranny and decline. By reinterpreting myth through historical critique, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how Islamic historiography assimilated mythic structures from Persian and Mesopotamian traditions, illuminating the interplay between history, legend, and identity in the early Islamic intellectual heritage.

This article examines the paradigm shift in tawḥīd from a theocentric–eschatological orientation to an anthropocentric framework by integrating the ideas of Ismāʿīl Rājī al-Fārūqī and Ḥasan Ḥanafī. Employing a qualitative, analytical–epistemological approach, Thomas S. Kuhn’s framework is used to trace the stages of normal science, anomaly, crisis, and paradigm revolution within the discourse of tawḥīd. Conceptual data are drawn from the principal works of both thinkers and analyzed comparatively and integratively. The findings reveal that the theocentric–eschatological paradigm continues to dominate Islamic scholarship and remains insufficiently responsive to contemporary humanitarian challenges. Al-Fārūqī’s tawḥīd-based principles, encompassing the unity of God, creation, truth–knowledge, life, humanity, and the reciprocity of reason and revelation, provide a multi-sectoral Islamic worldview. Meanwhile, Ḥanafī’s reinterpretation of classical kalām themes, particularly the doctrine of divine attributes, offers operational dimensions for transforming consciousness and guiding social praxis. Their integration produces an anthropocentric tawḥīd that supports the renewal of Islamic sciences, ethical–humanitarian agendas, and educational policy. This study contributes to restoring Islam’s vital élan as both a transformation of consciousness and a spectrum of exemplarity, offering a framework for contextual scholarly responses to the paradigmatic crisis facing Muslims in the digital age.

The ongoing Israel–Palestine conflict has triggered global repercussions, including the emergence of boycott movements against products affiliated with Israel. This phenomenon has influenced the consumption patterns of Muslim communities, particularly Generation Z, who demonstrate high social awareness and are deeply connected to digital media. This study aims to analyze the influence of brand image, brand experience, and brand ambassador on the purchasing decisions of halal products associated with Israeli affiliations among Generation Z in Pekalongan Regency. A quantitative approach was employed, involving 100 purposively selected respondents. Data were analyzed through validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression, and classical assumption tests using EViews 10 software. The results show that brand image and brand ambassador have a significant partial influence on purchasing decisions, while brand experience does not. Simultaneously, all three variables exert a significant influence, with an Adjusted R² value of 46.1%. These findings highlight that ethical and social awareness play a crucial role in Generation Z’s purchasing decisions, outweighing functional brand experience alone. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of brand communication strategies that are sensitive to geopolitical issues and aligned with the moral values of Muslim consumers.

The debate surrounding Ilm al-Kalam represents one of the enduring discourses in the Islamic intellectual tradition. While some scholars view it as an essential tool for safeguarding the creed through rational inquiry, others criticize it for prioritizing reason over divine revelation. This study employs a qualitative approach to explore Al-Ghazali’s contributions to the development of Ilm al-Kalam and critically examines his later critiques as articulated in his autobiographical work al-Munqidh min al-Ḍalāl. The findings reveal that Al-Ghazali, a central figure within the Ash‘arite tradition, significantly shaped Islamic theological discourse through his extensive writings and intellectual influence. However, in the latter part of his life, he presented three major criticisms of Ilm al-Kalam: first, the rejection of rationality as a primary source of religious knowledge; second, a critique of theologians’ methods of refutation, which often lack independent reasoning; and third, their tendency toward taqlid (blind imitation). This study concludes that Al-Ghazali’s critiques reflect an epistemological anxiety over the limitations of reason in comprehending divine realities. Therefore, a balanced theological approach is needed—one that integrates rational reflection with the authority of revelation—to navigate the boundaries of Islamic theological thought more effectively.

Gender discrimination in contemporary Muslim societies is often rooted in literal interpretations of certain Qur’anic verses perceived as gender-biased, particularly those related to polygamy and inheritance. This study aims to analyze and evaluate Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid’s hermeneutical approach in addressing gender issues within Qur’anic interpretation. Employing a qualitative method, the research utilizes a critical-comparative hermeneutic textual analysis by examining Abu Zaid’s major works alongside selected classical and modern exegeses. The findings indicate that Abu Zaid’s hermeneutics successfully trace the historical and cultural roots of gender bias in traditional interpretations. His approach provides an alternative framework for reinterpretation that considers socio-historical contexts, allowing for a more equitable and dynamic understanding of Qur’anic messages. Abu Zaid differentiates between the divine text and its historically constructed interpretations, advocating for a reinterpretation that aligns with evolving social realities and the principles of justice and equality. This study affirms that religious texts are inherently dynamic and open to reinterpretation, especially when read through a contextual and gender-conscious lens. Abu Zaid’s hermeneutics contribute significantly to the development of a progressive methodology in Qur’anic exegesis, offering critical insights for addressing gender justice in modern Muslim contexts. Consequently, this research introduces a renewed perspective in the discourse of gender and Islamic hermeneutics that is both theologically grounded and socially responsive

This study aims to examine the role of inter-organizational Islamic study groups (Majelis Taklim), particularly Bidayatus Salikin, in conflict resolution within multicultural communities. The research explores strategies employed to foster and sustain peace amidst differing religious organizational perspectives and backgrounds, using Johan Galtung’s theoretical framework of peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding. Data were collected through documentation of Majelis Taklim activities, in-depth interviews, and field observations. The findings reveal that Majelis Taklim serves as an inclusive forum that enables various religious organizations to openly discuss sensitive issues through a consensus-based (musyawarah) approach. Cross-organizational activities, such as joint religious discussions and the implementation of internal codes of conduct, effectively prevent conflict and promote group harmony. Additionally, the study group initiates peacekeeping efforts through economic empowerment programs, social outreach, and the formation of inter-organizational task forces aimed at long-term peacebuilding. These strategies not only strengthen inter-organizational relations but also generate positive social outcomes. This research concludes that inter-organizational Majelis Taklim plays a strategic role in managing diversity through holistic and inclusive approaches. Their efforts contribute significantly to building a more peaceful, tolerant, and prosperous society. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a model for similar initiatives in addressing conflict in multicultural contexts.

The modern Muslim identity crisis, marked by tensions between traditional religious values and the demands of modernity such as democracy and gender equality, is further exacerbated by globalization and digitalization. This study aims to examine Muhammad Syahrur’s Naẓariyyah al-Ḥudūd theory as a dynamic hermeneutical paradigm to address Muslim identity dissonance. The methodology combines Qur’anic textual analysis, ethnographic fieldwork in Islamic boarding schools, and comparative case studies of contextualized curricula in Morocco and Indonesia. The findings reveal that the concept of limit (ḥudūd) enables adaptive reinterpretations of inheritance and polygamy laws based on sharia goal (maqāṣid al-syarīah), redefines the principles of taqwā (guarding from sin by obedience) and fiṭrah (nature of origin) as foundations for inclusive Muslim identity, and demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating Qur’anic values into religious education, with 70% of students successfully merging religious and national identities. The scholarly contribution lies in reconciling the textualist-contextualist divide, expanding the application of maqāṣid al-syarīah to contemporary issues, and offering a transformative education model grounded in dynamic hermeneutics that is highly relevant to modern global challenges.