Probiotics have been used in medicine for a long time, but their therapeutic potential has not been fully understood. In people without immune disorders, they show minor side effects, which makes them an interesting option in the treatment and prevention of many diseases. Probiotics can be used to treat and prevent: diarrhea, food allergies, carcinogenesis, chronic constipation, hepatic encephalopathy, chronic intestinal inflammation, irritable bowel syndrome, tooth decay, rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, studies have shown that fermented milk products are also an effective tool in the fight against lactose intolerance, probiotic preparations increase the effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy and resistance to infections. This article presents the use of probiotics in intestinal diseases, gynecology, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer treatment.

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Jambolan) (Myrtaceae family) is commonly used to cure several diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus. Several decades ago, the plant became commercially available, and it was recognized as an antidiabetic plant. Numerous scientific studies have documented the antidiabetic possessions of this plant over the past forty years. The present review was focused on describing the current information about Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) in terms of morphology, phytochemical possessions, medicinal uses, and pharmacological activities based on standard textbooks along with common electronic databases. This substantial literature reveals that the various sections of S. cumini contain considerable physico-phytochemical components and pharmacological actions. S. cumini is a multipurpose medicinal plant that can be used in nutraceuticals in a variety of ways, according to the extensive study. More research is needed to identify active principles found in S. cumini in order to create safer medications for managing diabetes and other diseases.

Introduction: Diabetes is accompanied by the presence of free radicals in the organism. Production of free radicals is higher than their quenching and the oxidation-reduction stress appears. The aim of this review paper is to present antioxidant properties of the selected plant raw materials and their extracts, which are useful in diabetes. Antioxidants may influence free radical processes in individuals with diabetes. Antioxidative plant raw materials in diabetes: The knowledge about antioxidants in garlic, cinnamon, juniper fruits, rowan fruits, white mulberry herb, nettle herb, rut herb, sage herb, dandelion, blueberry leaves, wild strawberry leaves, and fenugreek seeds, was presented. The interactions of theirs extracts with free radicals depend on the type of plant material. Conclusions: Plant raw materials with antioxidant properties are used in prevention and the treatment of diabetes. They protect against free radicals.

Pelargonium graveolens is a plant of significant importance in natural medicine, as well as in cosmetics and aromatherapy. This species is rich in secondary metabolites, including geraniol, citronellol, linalool, which gives it antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and sedative properties. Currently, there is an increase in demand for P. graveolens plants, especially the oil produced from them. Clonal propagation techniques in in vitro culture and new biotechnological methods can facilitate large-scale production of genetically identical plants and ensure the availability of a homogeneous raw material. This paper reviews the suitability of various in vitro culture techniques used for P. graveolens species, as well as biotechnological possibilities for improving this species.

Introduction: Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum L.) extracts have antioxidant properties, which is of great importance in the treatment of many diseases. Herbal medicinal raw materials should be stored in conditions that guarantee the stability of their antioxidants. The aim of this study was to compare interactions with free radicals for infusions obtained from unexposed and UVA irradiated teasel plant materials. Material and methods: The nonirradiated and UVA irradiated plant raw materials as teasel (Dipsacus fullonum L.) herb and root, and the mixture of teasel (Dipsacus fullonum L.) herb, echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.) herb, and elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) fruit, were used in this study. Antioxidant properties of their infusions were compared. The examination was performed by the use od an X-band (9.3 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer. The quenching of EPR spectra of the model DPPH free radicals by the infusions was determined. Results and discussion: UVA radiation increase and decrease interactions with free radicals for infusions of teasel herb and teasel root, respectively. UVA irradiation does not change free radicals interactions in case of infusion obtained from the mixture of teasel herb, echinacea herb, and elderberry fruit. Conclusions: Both teasel herb and root should be protect against UVA radiation during storage, because under these conditions change their interactions with free radicals, what which may be caused by changes in their antioxidant system. The effect of UVA radiation on antioxidative infusions of teasel depends on the type of raw material.

Introduction The aim of the project is to explore blue printing techniques on fabrics which are included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. These techniques involve protective printing combined with indigo dyeing. Material: The indigo plants used for dyeing fabrics were Indigofera tinctoria L., Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze., Isatis tinctoria L. The prints were made with carved wooden blocks and a specially prepared reserve paste. Methods: The research was carried out in Slovakia, the Czech Republic and China. Results: As a result of the scientific trips and participation in workshops of natural printing on fabric, the patterns of prints, their colours and dyeing methods were compared.

Introduction: Pistacia palaestina Boiss. leaves are rich in bioactive compounds with potential wound healing properties. Objective: The current study evaluated the wound healing properties of 70% methanol extract of Pistacia palaestina Boiss. leaves, as well as its hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions derived from the crude extract. Methods: The investigation of wound healing activity was conducted using the dermal incision model in rats. Evaluation of acute dermal irritation/corrosion was conducted following the guidelines outlined in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) no. 404.Qualitative phytochemical screening and HPLC-MS analysis were performed to identify the components responsible for the wound healing effect.Results: A significant epithelialization period (p <0.05) was completed by topical application of the methanolic extract ointment (5%) with (8.8 0.837) days while the control group more than 15 days. The highest effectiveness was obtained with 5% ethyl acetate fraction ointment similar to the crude extract (9.0 0.707) days. No skin irritation effect was observed for the extract, indicating its safety. Phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins were detected in the crude extract, whereas no alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, coumarins or anthraquinones were found. Flavonoids and tannins were found in the ethyl acetate fraction. HPLC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction indicated the presence of 10 compounds which have been (Digalloylquinic Acid, Epicatechin, 3,4,5-Tri-O-galloylquinic acid, Epigallocatechin gallate, Myricetin rhamnoside, Quercetin glucuronide, Myricetin galloyl glucuronide, Quercetin 3-rhamnoside, Myricetin galloyl rhamnoside, Myricetin digalloyl rhamnoside).Conclusion: The findings have confirmed the potential of P. palaestina as a wound healing remedy, providing scientific support for its traditional use in folk medicine.

Introduction: Literature data and our research have shown that extracts from the underground plant parts of Salvia przewalskii (SP) reduce alcohol intake in animal models. Objective: The study aimed to assess the effect of SP on mRNA expression of GABAA receptor (GABAAR) subunits (alpha 1–4, delta, gamma 2L, gamma 2S) genes in the brain of ethanol-drinking rats. Methods: The investigations were performed on Warsaw high-alcohol-preferring (WHP) and low-alcohol-preferring (WLP) rats treated with the hydroalcoholic (1:1) extract from SP (150 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 consecutive days. The mRNA expression was measured by RT-PCR analysis in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Results: SP lowered the alcohol intake in WHP animals. The extract down-regulated alpha and gamma subunit expression in WHP rats mainly in the hippocampus, but simultaneously, the delta subunit upregulation was observed. Conclusions: SP’s effect on drinking behavior can be coupled with the modulation of GABAAR subtype expression in the brain of rats.

Introduction: Many microorganisms are capable of adapting or developing resistance to drugs and natural substances. Objective: The work aim was to investigate the adaptation development potential in Staphylococcus aureus to selected natural and synthetic substances. Additionally, an Adaptation Index (KAI) was developed for the assessment of clinical resistance development risk. Methods: Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) assay and adaptation of Staphylococcus aureus to selected compounds were performed. Results: Octenidine (OCT) exhibited the best activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethacridine lactate (ET), and curcumin (CU) showed moderate activity. The weakest activity was observed for salicylic acid (SA), chrysin (CH), astaxanthin (AST), and boric acid (BA). Adaptation equal to the MIC value was seen for CH and NaOCl, weak adaptation for AST, SA, and CU, and fair adaptation for OCT and ET. CU, CH, and OCT had very low KAI values and a low risk of clinical resistance, while BA had a low risk, ET a moderate, and NaOCl a very high. S. aureus can quickly develop resistance to clinical concentrations of NaOCl. Assessing the risk for AST and SA is challenging due to varying suggested doses.Conclusions: The studies confirmed the possibility of adaptation development in the S. aureus strain under the influence of both natural and synthetic compounds. An Adaptation Index (KAI) allows for the assessment of the risk of microorganism adaptation and resistance development to drugs or substances of natural origin.

Berberis vulgaris (barberry) has gained renewed interest as a natural therapeutic agent due to its key bioactive compound, berberine. Traditionally used in medicine, berberine exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering properties, making it a promising treatment for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This review examines the morphology of Berberis vulgaris and highlights berberine's potential in improving glycemic control and reducing lipid levels, positioning it as a natural alternative to conventional therapies for modern health challenges. To explore these health benefits, we conducted a comprehensive literature review using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.