Abstract Schizolobium parahyba, a fast-growing tree species from South America, was introduced to Indonesia as a potential timber source. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat-treatment at 150-200 ºC (4h) on the physical and mechanical properties of S. parahyba wood. The results show that weight loss (WL) increased from 2.62 ± 0.29% at 150 ºC to 9.22 ± 0.86% at 190 ºC, while anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) increased from 3.44 ± 0.78% at 150 ºC to 29.84 ± 5.40 % at 180 ºC. Compressive strength parallel to grain (CP) increased from 37.99 ± 6.49 MPa (control) to 46.50 ± 5.52 MPa at 170 ºC but declined at higher temperatures. Meanwhile, static bending strength and compressive strength perpendicular to grain (CT) decreased at ≥180 ºC. Overall, moderate heat-treatment at 170 and 180 ºC enhanced dimensional stability and improved CP, whereas higher temperatures (≥180 ºC) caused substantial weight and strength losses.

Abstract Given the strategic importance of commercial forest plantations of native species, this study aimed to select a tapering model to estimate the multiple products of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum planting in integrated livestock-forestry systems in the Amazon and to identify the management regime with the highest production. The research was conducted in the state of Pará, comparing production as a function of variations in spacing and planting age. The Hradetzky, Schöepfer, and Max & Burkhart tapering models were evaluated, considering goodness-of-fit statistics and scatter plots. The Schöepfer model provided the most accurate estimate of tree cross-sectional volume. The management regime with 3.5 × 3.5 m spacing and 60 months promoted the highest assortment production (164 m3) and the lowest amount of residue (60 m3), indicating the largest spacing with the highest plant utilization.

Abstract Human activities in the tropics, particularly large-scale deforestation, significantly contribute to rising greenhouse gas emissions. The carbon storage capacity of the Atlantic Forest, specifically in seasonal forests, needs to be better understood. Therefore, we analyzed the aboveground carbon stock (AGC) in a semideciduous seasonal forest (SSF) remnant in southeastern Minas Gerais through comprehensive vegetation inventory and wood density sampling. The 20 species that counted for half of the total basal area corresponded to a surprising AGC of 58.05 Mg.ha-1. The AGC found is similar to other studies in second-growth SSF, especially the ones with no recent record of human disturbance. However, besides the natural process of increasing AGC in forests over the years, long-term decreasing trends in other forest ecosystems in Brazil have already been reported. Future long-term studies are crucial to understanding how the forest carbon stock will respond to the ongoing environmental and climate change scenario.

Abstract Understanding the trajectory of microbial biotechnology research is essential for identifying novel processes, techniques, and applications to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of bioeconomic activities. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of global research on microbial applications in forestry-related industries to elucidate key research themes and trends within this domain. Through topic modeling of publications on microbial applications in wood and wood-based products, we identified 14 distinct topics from a dataset of 805 abstracts containing 152,265 terms. A continuing surge of research was found, particularly on microbial enzymes employed primarily in pulp and paper production. There was also a rising publication trend related to microbe applications in bioenergy and agarwood, reflecting an increasing interest in diversifying forest-based bioeconomy. Most scientific publications originated from major producers and traders of forest-based products. To advance bioeconomic objectives, it is critical to foster increased collaborative research on microbe-based technologies within the forestry industry.

Abstract This study aimed to determine the resistance of Eucalyptus wood clones after exposure to the soil in a decay field. Samples taken from the heartwood of 3 Eucalyptus camaldulensis x Eucalyptus grandis hybrid trees were used for the pyroligneous liquor, chromated copper borat, and untreated treatments, where physical, chemical, and mechanical tests were used for evaluation. Chemical and mechanical analysis demonstrated that there was interaction between factors and significant differences between and within treatments. Wood treated with pyroligneous liquor showed lower solubility in cold water when compared to CCB and, therefore, lower leaching. Both treatments were statistically equal in terms of MOR resistance and mass loss. It was concluded that treating Eucalyptus wood with pyroligneous acid, compared to treatment with CCB and untreated wood, was equally efficient mainly for the property of resistance to static bending, showing potential as a preservative product.

Abstract Aniba rosiodora Ducke, an Amazonian species, is valued for its essential oil rich in linalool, which is widely used in fine perfumery. Due to this, it has been overexploited and recognized as a threatened species. Despite efforts to maintain their genetic variability, there are few quotes about their behavior in the face of climate change. This study uses species distribution modeling (SDM) to project its geographic distribution in future scenarios (2009-2019) with projections for SSP245 (less pessimistic) and SSP585 (more pessimistic) for 2041-2060, 2061-2080 and 2081-2100, based on 19 bioclimatic and 14 edaphic variables in South America. The results indicate that the distribution of rosewood trees is mainly influenced by temperature and precipitation, and the analyzed scenarios indicate a reduction of the areas with environmental suitability, especially in the Amazon, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest. Strategies should be planned to ensure the conservation and genetic variability of the species.

Abstract The aimed of this study was to assess the biological resistance of Combretum leprosum and Erythroxylum pungens wood to termites and xylophagous fungi. Five trees per species were collected. For bioassays, the sampling was carried out in two positions in pith-bark direction. In the termite choice feeding bioassay, E. pungens wood showed the lowest mass losses (1.03%). The positions on the trunk did not influence deterioration by soft rot fungi. In the soil bed test, the E. pungens species was the most resistant in both positions evaluated. In general, E. pungens wood was the most resistant in all the tests carried out, with wood from the transition region being the most susceptible.

Abstract Croton cajucara Benth. and C. sacaquinha Croizat are known as “sacaca” and “sacaquinha”, respectively in the Amazon region. Both species are used in Amazon folk medicine for their pharmacological potential, associated mainly with rich phytochemical properties of leaves and essential oil. Aiming to identify and determine the number of secretory structures related to essential oil yield, leaves were harvested in the medicinal plant garden of Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Belem, Pará, Brazil, and were submitted to microscopy techniques and essential oil extraction. The species presented differences in trichome types and frequency, as well as essential oil yield. Furthermore, a positive relationship between frequency of secretory trichomes and essential oil yield was observed. The results obtained highlight the potential of Croton species to provide oils and could represent a viable alternative for sustainable exploration and a source of income for Amazonian communities.

Abstract The study proposes a sampling method, termed the probability proportional to the average geometric area of occupation, method in which a set of trees along a row is selected as the sampling unit with a probability proportional to the geometrical average area per tree - PPGA. An experiment was conducted inPinus taedastands under three management regimes to compare estimates of density, basal area, and wood volume per hectare obtained from the proposed method and those from a conventional forest inventory. Additionally, the results were evaluated through sampling simulations using census data fromEucalyptus sp.stands. Sample estimators were developed based on PPGA within the sampling unit. Since the mean geometrical average area per tree varies among randomly distributed sampling units, the method is classified as probability proportional to size sampling and referred to as probability proportional to the average geometric area of occupation. The probability proportional to the average geometric area of occupation method proved effective across various ages and management conditions in both pine and eucalyptus stands.

Abstract The use of biosolids as a sustainable alternative in the management of planted Pinus taeda forests affects availability of nutrients and beneficial elements. Calcium (Ca) and Silicon (Si) play important roles in plant regulatory and protective systems; therefore, our objective was to use scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to analyze the accumulation of elements in P. taeda needles grown in soil that received 0 to 60 Mg ha-1 applications of cellulosic waste. Microanalyses of needle sections were performed using a SEM with elemental detection by EDS. Mapping mode allowed for detection and analysis of Ca, Si, and C distributions in needle sections. Calcium and Si precipitation occurred in needles, with Ca accumulating in the phloem and Si in the epidermal cells. Application of 60 Mg ha-1 changed the availability and accumulation of elements, which resulted in more Ca crystals and fewer Si crystals.