Lestari NW, Budiharjo A, Pangastuti A. 2016. Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from the digestive tract of eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) and its potential as probiotics. Bioteknologi 13: 9-17. Anguilla bicolor bicolor, an eel species found in the waters of Indonesia, is become a potential export commodity for the country. Currently this species began to be cultured, by taking the larvas from the wild and reared in ponds. In aquaculture, the disease caused by bacteria are the main problems that limit production in the culture of eel. Restrictions on the use of anti-microbial substances causing a more environmentally friendly approach is needed to reduce disease outbreak in aquaculture. It is known that bacterial communities associated with animals have an important role for the survival of its modulation of host’s microbiota through feed supplements such as probiotics and prebiotics can increase the growth and survival of fish. This research aimed to determine the type of bacteria that can be isolated and characterized from the gastrointestinal tract of A. bicolor bicolor and their potential as a probiotic candidates. Bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of the fish were isolated and characterized. Observations made include the amount of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, the morphological characters of each isolate, and the identification of each isolate. The ability of hydrolysis (hemolytic and proteolytic activity) and antagonistic against pathogens in fish (Aeromonas hydrophila) were also measured. From the gastrointestinal tract of A. bicolor bicolor, 11 isolates were obtained, which were fell into 9 species according to their characters. Two candidates of bacteria which were expected to be used as probiotics for eel were Citrobacter freundii and Bacillus subtilis.

Muliawati E, Anggarwulan E, Pitoyo A. 2015. Effects of abcissic acid on viability of synthetic seed of Grammatophyllum scriptum (Orchidaceae) during dried storage periods. Bioteknologi 13: 1-8. This research was aimed to extend the self-life of plbs of Tiger orchid (Grammatophyllum scriptum) by the development of desiccated synthetic seed, a hydrogel bead of calcium-alginate that embedded the plb inside them. The length of the self-life is achieved by the application of Abcissic Acid (ABA), a plant growth retardant. The experiment was prepared by completely randomized designed with 5 treatments of ABA concentrations (0 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 15 mg/L, 20 mg/L) and 5 replication each treatment. The successful of the treatments would be presented by the ability of the synthetics seed to postpone their germination during storage periodes and can redraw to germinate after rehydration. The result shows that, dessication treatments during storage can inhibit the germination of synthetic seed. ABA application in low concentration, 5 mg/L, can protects the viability of plbs during storage periods and germinate them after rehydration.

Arifiani N, Sani TA, Utami AS. 2015. Improving the quality of nata de cane juice from sugar cane waste Budchips method with the addition of bean sprouts extract as nitrogen source. Bioteknologi 12: 29-33. Budchips method is a method of sugarcane cultivation in minimalist land use buds with special treatment that can produce large quantities of sugar cane segments. This method leaves of sugarcane weevil does not germinate but it still contains a lot of sugar cane juice containing sucrose and potentially as a substrate for making nata de cane. Nata is a cellulose matrix resulted from Acetobacter activity that has a chewy texture and commonly used as a food ingredient. Nata could be formed in media containing adequate of C, H, and N. Bean sprouts contain lots of protein and nitrogen sources that can support the growth of Acetobacter xylinum. The aim of this study was to determine the effect on bean sprouts extract on the quality of produced nata. The best result was shown by bean extract concentration of 300 g/500 mL of distilled water with a thickness of 0.913 mm, weighs 244.56 grams, the yield of 61.14% and 89.13% water content. Based on organoleptic test of the 30 panelists, the most preferred nata is the treatment of bean sprouts extract with the highest concentration of 300 g/500 mL of distilled water. Based on analysis of variance that sprouts extract treatment given influence on thickness, moisture content, color, flavor and texture of nata de cane.

Subandi AE, Sari SLA, Anggarwulan E, Solichatun. 2015. Enzyme activities of endo-β-mannanase on seed germination of Parkia roxburghii with grant of concentration variation giberellin. Bioteknologi 12: 8-15. Kedawung (Parkia roxburghii G. Don) is member of leguminous plants used as medicinal plants. Parkia roxburghii seeds have rigid seed coats and this can inhibit germination process. Seed germination barriers can be broken by adding external hormones such as gibberellin and auxin. Gibberellin hormone has been known to has capabilities to accelerate seed germination. The purpose of this study was to (i) determine the effect of various concentrations of the gibberellin hormone on seed germination of P. roxburghii and (ii) investigate the activity of endo-I3- mannanase enzyme in breaking the endosperm on seed germination P. roxburghii. The experiment was conducted by randomized design (CRD) with 4 different gibberellin concentrations namely 0, 100, 300 and 500 ppm respectively. Seeds were incubated in waterbath at 55.0 for 1 hour as a pretreatment. Seeds then soaked in a solution of gibberellin hormone for 24 hours. After rinsed with distilled water, seeds subsequently germinated in petri dishes for 30 days. Germination was performed at room temperature (28.C). Germination parameters observed were seed imbibition, germination rate, germination percentage, and activity of endo-P-mannanase enzyme. Measurement of endo-p-mannanase activity was using spectrophotometer. The results showed that the highest germination percentage of P.roxburghii seed at 300 ppm was 470/u. During germination process, the activity endo-p-mannanase enzyme has been changing, in which the closer to the germination time, enzyme activity increased. The highest peak of activity endo-p-mannanase enzyme at 300 ppm was 20.34 units/2.4 ml on the third day of germination.

Henditama MAA, Harini M, Budiharjo A. 2015. The effect of giving mixtured feed of fish pellet, mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and red algae (Gracilaria foliifera) to the growth and survival rate of eel (Anguilla bicolor). Bioteknologi 12: 22-28. High demand of eels (Anguilla bicolor) in the world has not followed by the capability of domestic production. The purpose of this research are to determine the effect and the precise composition of the feed mixture in the form of fish pellets, mealworms (Tenebrio molitor), red algae (Gracilaria foliifera) to the growth and survival rate of eels. This research used completely randomized design with four variations of mixtured feed in the form of fish pellet, mealworms, and red algae specifically P1 (100% ; 0% ; 0%), P2 (75% ; 20% ; 5%), P3 (50% ; 45% ; 5%), P4 (25% ; 70% ; 5%). This research also has been done in 90 days with feeding in twice a day. The data of growth, survival rate, and water quality was collected once a week. The data result has been analized by ANOVA. The data result showed that have a real different to continue to the next analysis of DMRT with test level 5% to locate the differences between treatments. The eels growth after feeding a mixture feed in the form of fish pellets, mealworms, and red alga, specifically: P1 (K) 26.3167 gram; P2 20.3167 gram; P3 28.2500 gram; and P4 22.0000 gram. The eels survival rate, specifically P1 (K) 26.67%; P2 33.33%; P3 30%; dan P4 26.67%. Furthemore, the exact composition that give the best effect of growth and survival rate to eels is 50% fish pellets, 45% mealworms and 5% red alga.

Febrianto AD, Puspitasari R, Sudibya, Hanifa A. 2015. Effect of fish oil supplementation lemuru and L-carnitine in commercial rasum the quail egg production (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Bioteknologi 12: 1-7. This study aims to determine the effect supplementation of lemuru fish oil of L-carnitine and the production and quality of quail eggs. Animals used in this study were 240 female quails aged 45 weeks. Rations used in the form of commercial rations, lemuru fish oil and L-carnitine. The experimental study was conducted using completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments provided include commercial ration without lemuru fish oil and L-carnitine (P0), whereas commercial ration and supplemented with lemuru fish oil level of 1%, 2 %, 3 %, and 4 % containing 0.002 % L-carnitine is referred to as P1, P2, P3, and P4. The results showed that supplementation lemuru fish oil up to 4 % of L-carnitine containing 0.002 % can improve quail egg yolk color but can not fix the variable production and other egg quality. Supplementation lemuru fish oil 1 % and 2 % on commercial ration containing L-carnitine same of 0.002 % can fix quail feed conversion.

Ardita N, Budiharjo A, Sari SLA. 2015. Growth and feed conversion ratio of tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) with addition of probiotics. Bioteknologi 12: 16-21. The problems of tilapia farming are the high feed costs and long cultivation time. Feed costs is in the ranges 60-70% from the total cost. Probiotics in the digestive tract will improve the digestion and absorbtion of nutrients. This study was aimed to determine the effect of probiotics on tilapia growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR). This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments i.e. 0%, 3%, 4%, and 5% (v/w) of probiotic in feed. Probiotics was sprayed into comercial pellets. Tilapia were cultivated for 2 months given by commercial pellets with different proportion of probiotics. The parameters measured were the growth of fish (fish length and fish weight), Survival Rate (SR) and FCR. Data was analyzed by ANOVA. The results showed that the addition of probiotics dose 0%, 3%, 4%, and 5% (v/w) did not affect significantly to the growth and feed conversion ratio for 8 weeks.

Permatasari, Pitoyo A, Suratman. 2014. Keragaman suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus) di wilayah eks karesidenan Surakarta berdasarkan karakter morfologi, anatomi dan pola pita isozim. Bioteknologi 11: 11-18. The aims of this research were to find out the diversity and relationship among elephant yam in Surakarta region based on variation of morphological, anatomical and isozyme banding patterns characters. Total 20 samples were taken using random purposive sampling technique in different altitude of 7 districts. Morphological, anatomical and isozyme banding pattern data were analyzed descriptively. The steady data of quantitative characteristic from morphological, anatomical and isozyme banding pattern of binary data was analyzed using an Index of Similarity (IS) and computed by the program Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYS) version 2.10. The result showed that the elephant yam in Surakarta region were diverse based on morphological, anatomical and isozyme banding pattern, especially in ratio and color of petiolus; tuber ratio; index of stomatal; thick epidermis; thick mesophyll; term and ratio of palisade; term rafida; 4 peroxidase and 5 esterase isozyme banding pattern. Analysis of relationship of elephant yam based on morphological, anatomical and isozyme band pattern characters showed the similarity coefficient of 64,85% contained two major group. The first group consist of Boyolali 1, Boyolali 3, Boyolali 4, Wonogiri 4, Wonogiri 2, Karanganyar 1, Karanganyar 2, Karanganyar 3, Sragen 2, while the other samples were separated from this group.

The aim of the research is to study the effectof differentwater availability on growth andanatomicalstructure of leaves of two varieties ofcanna(Canna edulisKerr.), whichare verdosvarieties(white varieties) andmoradosvarieties (red varieties). The research compiled in a completely randomized design (CRD) with availability (100%, 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% Field Capacity (FC)) with variable measured; the character growth of plant height; fresh weight; dry weight and leaf anatomical structure indexes include stomata; tick of mesophylland epidermis. was measured every week, while the parameters of the wet weight and dry weight was measured after 8-week-old plants. The structure of the leaf anatomy observed through cross-sectional leaf preparations were made using paraffin embedding and observation method using a digital microscope. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if there is a significant difference between treatments was tested further by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with significance level of 5%. The results showedthat differences incrop varieties andthe availability of wateraffect the growth andanatomical structure of . Optimum growthfound in 80%water availabilityFCbothwhite andred varieties. Fresh weight, dry weight, stomatal index showed a significant difference, whileplant height, thick mesophyllandepidermalthickness showednosignificant difference. White varietiesmoreresistant towater stressthanred varieties. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketersediaan air yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan struktur anatomi daun dua varietas ganyong (Canna edulisKerr.), yaitu varietas verdos (varietas putih) dan varietas morados (varietas merah). Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan 2 faktor yaitu varietas ganyong dan variasi ketersediaan air (100%, 80%, 60%, 40% dan 20% Kapasitas Lapang (KL)) dengan variabel yang diukur yaitu karakter pertumbuhan meliputitinggi tanaman, berat basah, berat kering dan struktur anatomi daun meliputi indeks stomata, tebal mesofil dan tebal epidermis. Umbi ganyong ditanam selama 8 minggu. Parameter pertumbuhan berupa tinggi tanaman dilakukan pengukuran setiap minggu, sedangkan parameter berat basah dan berat kering diukur setelah tanaman berusia 8 minggu. Struktur anatomi daun diamati melalui preparat penampang melintang daun yang dibuat dengan menggunakan metode paraffin embeddingdan pengamatan dengan menggunakan mikroskop digital. Data dianalisa menggunakan analisa variansi (ANOVA) dan apabila terdapat beda nyata antar perlakuan diuji lanjut dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test(DMRT) dengan taraf signifikan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan varietas tanaman dan tingkat ketersediaan air berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan struktur anatomi daun ganyong. Pertumbuhan optimum terdapat pada ketersediaan air 80% KL baik pada varietas putih maupun merah. Berat basah, berat kering, indeks stomata menunjukkan adanya beda nayata, sedangkan tinggi tanaman, tebal mesofil dan tebal epidermis menunjukkan tidak beda nyata. Varietas putih lebih memiliki ketahanan terhadap cekaman air dibandingkan varietas merah.