Background: Galileo’s Dialogo offers the opportunity to follow the conceptual change that led Galileo to transform from a Ptolemaic to a Copernican. This shift involved a re-evaluation of how scientific knowledge is understood to originate. Objectives: This paper analyzes Galileo’s Dialogo to trace this conceptual change from Ptolemaic to Copernican views. A primary objective is to outline Galileo’s resulting epistemological conception, specifically how he rethought the traditional empiricist image for explaining the genesis of science. Method: The analysis is grounded in a hermeneutic-internalist reading of Galileo’s Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. Results: In outlining his conceptual change, Galileo emphasizes how the traditional empiricist image to explain the genesis of science is to be rethought and replaced with an epistemological conception by virtue of which our theories must “do violence to sense” in order to build theories based on an assumption ex suppositione Conclusion: For Galileo, too, the role and function of experience remain decisive, but for him only experimental experience can determine whether a theoretical prediction is correct or incorrect.

Background: Personalism is a philosophical tradition affirming the intrinsic dignity of the human person, standing against materialist reductionism and collectivist depersonalization. Italian philosopher Evandro Agazzi significantly contributes to this tradition by integrating insights from the philosophy of science, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence (AI) into a cohesive anthropological vision. Objective: This article presents and analyzes Agazzi's systemic and integral personalism, addressing contemporary challenges in neuroscience and AI. It highlights his resistance to reductionist views and his vision of the person as an embodied culturally embedded unity. Method:The study employs a philosophical and hermeneutical approach, drawing from Agazzi's works in epistemology, neuroscience, and technology ethics.Key texts are critically examined to reconstruct his anthropological model and its implications for bioethics and the philosophy of mind.Results: Agazzi consistently rejects dualism and reductionism, proposing a systemic view of the human being as a hierarchical integration of body, brain, mind, and culture.His epistemology supports scientific objectivity while acknowledging naturalism's limits.Agazzi also critiques functionalist AI models, emphasizing the irreducibility of human intentionality and rationality.Conclusion: Agazzi's scientific personalism provides a philosophical foundation for addressing ethical challenges in neurotechnology and AI, safeguarding human dignity amid technological advancement.

Philosophy is universal and there is apparently no sense in dividing it geographically.Yet this happens very often and not just for expository reasons.Agazzi has defended the thesis that there is no unique model for philosophy (i.e. that of the Western tradition), since philosophy is in a deep sense the "self-consciousness of cultures" and for this reason it reflects the deepest intellectual and spiritual grounds of a given culture.This applies particularly to Latin American thought, where several intellectuals have tried to make explicit the specific features of its philosophy.Agazzi has had a tradition of personal relations of collaboration and friendship with them, and has promoted (owing to his position in international philosophical institutions) several opportunities of mutual encounter and cooperation.His action was also decisive in promoting Spanish as an official

Background: Evandro Agazzi notes the paradoxical role that science plays in contemporary culture: it dominates our daily lives through technological innovation yet fails to inform our deeper intellectual frameworks.This is because, according to Agazzi, the explanatory dimension has been subordinated to instrumental value under what he calls a pragmatic conception of science.Objectives: This paper examines the critique of the pragmatist reduction of inquiry to questions of "how?" (practical utility) at the expense of the "why?" (explanatory understanding).Methods: This study was through textual analysis and conceptual comparison with Jamesean pragmatism.Results: The paper shows that Agazzi's realist framework recognizes explanation as irreducible to practical utility.Conclusion: This philosophical distinction has relevant implications for addressing contemporary challenges, particularly in bioethics, where pragmatic reductionism leaves us with powerful technological capabilities but impoverished frameworks for evaluating their proper use.

Our paper explores the development of the philosophy of science in Italy, focusing on the shift away from the idealist and historicist dominance of Croce and Gentile.Ludovico Geymonat and Evandro Agazzi were central to this transformation, who embraced neopositivism's anti-metaphysical stance while affirming science as a form of advanced knowledge grounded in philosophical reflection.Both thinkers proposed non-metaphysical realist positions: Geymonat emphasized realism based on experimental practice and dialectics, distancing himself from historical materialism, while Agazzi emphasized scientific objectivity, defining scientific objects through empirical methods.Despite differing foundations, their views converge on three key principles: the contextual nature of scientific truth, the interplay between theory and observation, and the necessity of a realist reinterpretation of quantum mechanics.The study concludes by examining their distinct readings of Bohr's principle of complementarity, situating them within the broader discourse on the philosophical foundations of quantum theory.

Background: Recognized as one of the most important philosophers of science, Evandro Agazzi has delivered important reflections on modernity.Objective: To present and analyze some of Agazzi's contributions to the philosophy of science from a systemic perspective.Method: Qualitative, hermeneutic-analytic research.The international PRISMA guide was used to guarantee the rigor and transparency of the work.

Antecedentes: El envejecimiento poblacional presenta retos éticos, sobre todo en temas de inclusión social. Objetivo: Comparar las características de las llamadas zonas azules con un caso de una centenaria para corroborar, o no, la presencia de las características descubiertas en estas zonas. Método: Se realizó una entrevista a profundidad de una persona mayor de 102 años. El supuesto teórico es la hermenéutica analógica. Resultados: Se descubrió que se presentan características de las zonas azules con el caso, aunque el componente genético aparece como un factor crucial. Se analizan distintos deberes que surgen de acuerdo con lo aportado por «M»: la solidaridad, la fragilidad y otros conceptos éticos que engloban la vida de ella. Conclusión: Se finaliza con los elementos que se descubrieron, siendo uno de los más notorios la importancia de la actividad, pero también cómo queda comprometida su autonomía por su dependencia parcial hacia su familia.

Antecedentes: Las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) son percibidas como espacios sombríos y solitarios, donde los pacientes experimentan gran dolor. La crisis sanitaria, agravada por la COVID-19, ha resaltado problemas en la medicina crítica como la financiación, infraestructura, falta de personal y deshumanización. Objetivo: Plantear dichas problemáticas y reflexionar sobre alternativas que logren transformar la manera en cómo son concebidas estas áreas hospitalarias desde una perspectiva bioética. Método: Análisis hermenéutico de distintas teorías en torno a principios bioéticos, así como de otros artículos científicos y datos estadísticos de acceso público; texto cualitativo que expone la situación actual de las UCI y reflexiona sobre los desafíos que se enfrentan en México. Resultados: Necesidad de humanizar las UCI y resignificarlas como lugares para la salvaguarda de la dignidad de la vida de todos los involucrados desde una perspectiva bioética. Conclusión: Es crucial cambiar la percepción de las UCI; el proyecto Humanizando los cuidados intensivos (HU-CI) es una alternativa para los hospitales mexicanos: promueve no solo la salud sino también la dignidad humana en el cuidado médico. Comprender que el trabajo en las unidades de terapia intensiva involucra a paciente, médico y familia es esencial para acompañar en este trance a aquel que así lo necesite.