For the simultaneous quantification of Azelnidipine and Chlorthalidone in synthetic combination, a high performance thin layer chromatographic method was devised that is quick, accurate, selective, and exact. The mobile phase used in the chromatographic analysis was in the ratio of 5: 4.7: 0.3: 0.1 v/v/v/v, and the stationary phase utilised was silica gel 60 F254 as the precoated stationary phase on aluminium plates. A 10 x 20 cm TLC chamber with a 15-minute saturation period was utilised. Azelnidipine and chlorthalidone were found to have retardation factors (RF) of 0.43 0.03 and 0.30 0.02, respectively. At 242 nm, densitometric analysis was performed. Following the ICH Q2 (R1) standard, a validation study was conducted. The calibration plots' regression data revealed a strong linear association with R2 = 0.999 for the concentration ranges of azelnidipine and chlorthalidone, 400–1200 ng band-1 and 600–1800 ng band-1, respectively. The method's precision, accuracy, and robustness were all validated. For azelnidipine and chlorthalidone, the minimum detectable levels were determined to be 26.71 ng band-1 and 38.39 ng band-1, respectively, and the limits of quantitation were found to be 80.94 ng band-1 and 116.033 ng band-1. Azelnidipine and chlorthalidone can be estimated simultaneously for routine analysis, in drug formulations, and in biological matrices, in short, using the proven analytical approach.

Nile cabbage (Pistia stratiotes) represents a promising source of biodiesel which has been garnered due to good biomass yield. This study aims to determine the possibility for biodiesel production from Nile cabbage plants collected from a seasonal Pager River. The bio-oil extraction from Nile cabbage leaves was done using soxhlet apparatus. The biodiesel was produced by transesterification of lipids and characterized by GC-FID and the physio-chemical parameters of the produced biodiesel were also performed. The obtained results indicate that, Nile cabbage sample showed a yield of biodiesel (30.30±0.01) %. The biodiesel obtained possess the following fuel properties: density (880.00±0.00)Kg/m3, pH (5.70±0.00), saponification value (137.10±0.09) mg KOH/g, acid value (1.00±0.00) mg KOH/g, iodine value (63.41±0.01) mg I2/100g, flash point (120±0.00)℃, pour point (-6.20±0.03) ℃, colour (brown), moisture content (50.00±0.00)%, and ash content (0.003±0.00)%, and cetane number (49.53±0.05). The GC-FID analysis of the obtained biodiesel showed the presence of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 as the major constituents of fatty acids (FAs) detected. Therefore, all physiochemical parameters were within the allowable limits, accept only acid value which was slightly higher than the standard limits issued by the American and European (ASTM D 6571:12 and EN 14214:2012) standards. Aquatic weeds are considered a global threat in the aquatic ecosystem, which invoked a lot of attention from the general public and the scientific community. Our findings showed that Nile cabbage biomass could give a significant yield of biodiesel, with desired fuel properties which will initiates a cleaner energy.

α- Crystallin, a major eye lens protein with chaperone activity is vital in cataract development. As a member of the small heat shock protein superfamily, α-Crystallin is able to recognise and bind denatured or unfolded proteins, thereby preventing their aggregation. An important constituent of eye drops and artificial tears is polyethylene glycol-400(PEG-400) which can interact with α- Crystallin and lead to alterations in its tertiary structure, namely the global transition to a non-native form. Another protein, which is characterised by its presence in the insoluble fraction of vertebrate nuclear fiber cells, is Galectin-Related Interfiber Protein (GRIFIN) in the Ocular lens which is a novel binding partner of α-Crystallin. Formation of complexes involving such proteins may influence cell elongation and suture formation during lens development. The binding of PEG-400 or GRIFIN with α-Crystallin may serve as a rationale for the discovery of various therapeutic molecules used for the treatment of eye-related diseases involving crystallin proteins.

Tamanau (Calophyllum inophyllum L.), has economic value as a source of biofuel and medicine, therefore it has the potential to be developed in several wetlands in Riau, Indonesia. This study aims to examine the growth ability and morphological adaptation of tamanu to flooding conditions on mineral soil, peat soil and sand soil. This experimental research was designed using a randomized block design. The experiment consisted of flooded and non-flooded treatments on mineral soils, peat soils and sandy soils. Flooding was carried out on all types of soil with an inundation level of 2 cm above the soil surface for 30 days. The results showed that Tamanu seedlings are tolerant to flooding on mineral soils and sandy soils, but sensitive to flooding on peat soils. The morphological adaptation of tamanu seedlings to flooding in mineral soils is the formation of adventitious roots and lenticels. Tamanu seedlings when submerged in sandy soil only form pores on submerged stems.

Alcohol is a psychoactive substance that provides energy, but it is also responsible for the development of numerous diseases. The main aim of this study is to access the protective effect of vitamin C on alcohol induced lipid peroxidation and dyslipidaemia in adult male Wistar rats. Forty male Wistar rats weighing between 150g-250g were randomly grouped into four groups of five rats each after a fourteen days acclimatization period. The control group received food and water only, test group B received 6000 mg/kg of alcohol, group C received 100 mg/kg of vitamin C, group D received 200 mg/kg of vitamin C, group E received 300mg/kg of vitamin C, group F received 6000 mg/kg of alcohol and 100 mg/kg of vitamin C, group G received 6000 mg/kg of alcohol and 200 mg/kg of vitamin C, and group H received 6000 mg/kg of alcohol and 300 mg/kg of vitamin C. The administration was done for twenty-one days, blood was collected form he ocular vein and analysed for level of lipid peroxidation and fasting lipid profile, using standard procedure. The results showed that alcohol increased the level of lipid peroxidation, low density lipoprotein, cholesterol and triglycerides, and decreased the level of high-density lipoprotein. However, in the co-administration groups, positive changes were noticed in the level of lipid peroxidation, LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and there was an improvement in the level of HDL. Positive changes were also seen in the groups administered with different doses of vitamin C. The study's findings suggest that vitamin C may be useful in managing alcohol-induced toxicity since it had a favourable effect on lipid profile and peroxidation.

Palm shell has been utilized to create an effective activated carbon adsorbent in this investigation. The adsorbent is being used to remove direct dyes from dyeing waste in textiles. Thermo Gravimetric Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized carbon. The particles are very porous and irregular in shape, based on the SEM analysis. This particle shape is effective at removing dye and toxic metals. TGA analysis has been shown to be highly stable under varied temperature circumstances. The FTIR data revealed the existence of functional groups that are responsible for dye and toxic metal elimination. The AAS analysis showed that dye degrading ability rises at a time interval and the adsorption ability of activated carbon. These findings suggest that Palm shell carbon could be used as a low cost alternative to commercial activated carbon in the removal of dyes from wastewater.

India has a significant opportunity to contribute to the growing global demand for medicinal and aromatic plant products. Plants have been used for long as medicine by humans, seeing back to prehistoric eras. Among the ancient civilization’s, India have been known to be rich renowned as a rich source of medicinal herbs. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Folk lore (tribal) medicines are the major systems of indigenous medicines. Among these systems, Ayurveda is most developed and widely practiced in world wide. Green plants have been synthesized and preserved a variety of secondary metabolites and phytochemical products. The medicinal plant Hygrophila auriculata belonging to Acanthaceae family and generally presents in aquatic area. It is a rare and endemic species all over the countries; the plant has been used to treat various diseases and disorders. Extracts and bioactive compounds from the plant have been found to possess antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antitermite, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, central nervous system protective, antitumour, antidiabetic, anticataract, antioxidant, haematopoietic, diuretic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimotility, aphrodisiac, neuroprotection, anti-endotoxin and anti-urolithiatic activities. In this study focused the preliminary tests are antibacterial activity for MIC, antioxidant scavenging activity using DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and Hydrogen peroxide activities, and qualitative and quantitative analysis phytochemicals and physical parameter evaluation for study plant.

In this work, an alloy based on nickel, rich in chromium and designed to be reinforced by MC carbides thanks to the presence of 4wt.% Ta and 2wt.% Hf, was elaborated by conventional casting and exposed to air at three temperatures ranging from 1100 to 1250°C, with follow up of the mass changes due to oxidation. The as–cast microstructure is composed of a dendritic matrix and of eutectic carbides of two types. The major type is (Ta,Hf)C carbide and a minor type is chromium carbide. The isothermal mass gains are slow and their kinetics are of a parabolic type at all temperatures. The alloy demonstrated a chromia–forming behavior in all cases, with the development of an external continuous chromia scale and an internal layer of complex oxide Cr(Ta,Hf)O4. The stability of the external scale during cooling was dependent on the quantity of oxides isothermally formed, i.e. on the oxidation temperature for a given duration. The behavior of the alloy in isothermal oxidation at the considered temperatures is satisfactory but solutions must be found for improving the resistance against cyclic oxidation for the highest temperatures.

Crystallins are the predominant proteins of the eye lens which prevent the heat and oxidative-induced stress-induced aggregation of other proteins. They may be classified into two superfamilies, the α- and βγ- crystallins. The βγ- crystallins are long-lived structural proteins which refract light onto the retina. The microbial crystallins can not only bind to calcium ions, but even able to coordinate other ions such as Mg2+, Sr2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ etc. Such metal ions may influence the stability and aggregation propensity of human γS- crystallin as well. Previous studies had even revealed the binding of αA- and αB- crystallins with Cu2+ ions and suppressed the formation of Cu2+ mediated oxygen species and thus protected ascorbic acid from oxidation by copper ions. The residues 71-88 present in mini αA- crystallin, a peptide of αA- crystallin were found to be responsible for the prevention of oxidation. The binding of metal ions to crystallins may influence the formation of protein aggregates, and thus cataract or other disorders but there are some ions which may even help to improve the chaperone activity of α crystallins. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell improves the chaperone activity of α-crystallins by regulating the chaperone-target substrate interactions. This minireview explores various insights of the interactions of crystallins with metal ions and ATP which may help in the search for more therapeutic molecules in near future.