This study was carried out with the aim to evaluate project management tools towards effective events delivery in Onitsha, Anambra State. In order to achieve the aim of the research, the following objectives were used which are to examine if events qualify as projects considering the time frames, to analyze managing events as projects considering the cost implication of organizing and executing the events and to compare the outputs of managing events as projects against the unprofessional management of events in developing and under-developed countries. This study is anchored on “The Theory of Path dependence”, which is a concept in economics and the social sciences, referring to processes where past events or decisions constrain later events or decisions. The google forms research tool was used as a tool for sampling, data collection and analysis. Findings indicate that the respondents agree that their knowledge of event management is mostly moderate for 57% of the respondent, high for 26% and very high for 13%. The responses to whether event management is restricted to bridals and catering services indicated no huge variation as only 9.8% indicated very highly restricted, 32.8% indicated highly restricted, 37.9% indicated moderately restricted. 14.5% indicated lowly restricted and 5.1% indicated very lowly restricted. This result reveals the thoughts pattern of an average person in Onitsha regarding event management. However, the respondents claim moderate knowledge of project management with 47% of indicating moderate understanding of the field. In conclusion from the research conducted, most of the respondents believe that events management and project management are related. Also, the result of analysis of data showed that events can be managed more successfully with project management tools and techniques. Based on the findings, the work therefore recommends that the event management industry in Nigeria should inaugurate a body with value driven leaders to chart the course for the growth of the industry in Nigeria by organizing seminars, workshops and conferences to impact project management knowledge.

Nigeria is among the top three countries with the largest electricity deficits in the world, paradoxically, Nigeria has become legendary for fits and starts in domestic electric power supply to homes of her citizens. Community, state and national interventions had little impact. This study looks at citizen initiatives to attain domestic energy security in Ado-Ekiti Nigeria- a medium sized state capital (Ekiti state). The study adopted a mixed method that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study specifically investigated the socio-economic characteristics of the residents (age, family size, educational status and monthly income), sources of modern domestic electric power supply, including cleaner electric energy strategies. It is an empirical research that used simple random sampling to select 1029 cases from a frame of 30,195, who supplied information through the questionnaire instrument. The research methods include comparative analysis, indepth fieldwork, observation, interviews, collation and information derived from research institutes. Research findings showed a variety of sources utilized by residents to meet their energy needs. Among the rich, the use of solar panels to argument public power supply was common. The middle class combined generators with public supply. The poor were content to use candles and kerosene lamps when public supply failed. Energy reform, directed at nationalisation, adequate funding of the grid and decentralization, innovation in energy technology, such as solar power were recommended to improve the energy sector of the state and lessen hardship for the citizens.

Nigeria is among the top three countries with the largest electricity deficits in the world, paradoxically, Nigeria has become legendary for fits and starts in domestic electric power supply to homes of her citizens. Community, state and national interventions had little impact. This study looks at citizen initiatives to attain domestic energy security in Ado-Ekiti Nigeria- a medium sized state capital (Ekiti state). The study adopted a mixed method that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study specifically investigated the socio-economic characteristics of the residents (age, family size, educational status and monthly income), sources of modern domestic electric power supply, including cleaner electric energy strategies. It is an empirical research that used simple random sampling to select 1029 cases from a frame of 30,195, who supplied information through the questionnaire instrument. The research methods include comparative analysis, indepth fieldwork, observation, interviews, collation and information derived from research institutes. Research findings showed a variety of sources utilized by residents to meet their energy needs. Among the rich, the use of solar panels to argument public power supply was common. The middle class combined generators with public supply. The poor were content to use candles and kerosene lamps when public supply failed. Energy reform, directed at nationalization, adequate funding of the grid and decentralization, innovation in energy technology, such as solar power were recommended to improve the energy sector of the state and lessen hardship for the citizens.

This study examined the effect of housing development on surface water quality in Enugu urban. The research design used for this study was experimental. A total of 11 samples of water were collected from the various selected site locations within the study area, in the three local government areas of Enugu urban. The water sample was collected with acid-washed and open dried polyethylene bottles, the samples were labeled according to their various rivers and streams, the polyethylene bottles were corked and were kept in ice-filled boxes, transported to PRODA for analysis. The major findings of the study showed that housing development in Enugu urban has a negative significant impact on water quality because Okwuosa river has an Organic matter level of 4.19 while WHO Limit is 2,9, therefore this aspect should be monitored for Okwuosa river in Enugu South. Other findings were Compared with the WHO standard and it showed that water quality deteriorates as housing development progresses. It is therefore the recommendation of the study that the housing authorities in Enugu state should institute measures to ensure that housing development does not compromise environmental quality and house owners and indeed all residents should be properly sensitized through environmental education on the dangers of abusing environmental standards.

The expansion from the domestic market to the international market has become increasingly important for construction business including that of Nigerian Contractors amidst saturated local market, more patronage to foreign Contractors by the sector, stiff competition, political rivalry, insecurity and dwindling economic situation in the country. These factors have left most Contractors vulnerable for years without contract awards thereby resulting in retrenchments, inability to remit value-added tax (VAT), unsustained company’s profitability, heavy financial risk, practice and technology drain, bankruptcy, merging of companies as well as redundancy. Thus, the aim of the paper is to evaluate sound prospects for economic boost by the involvement of indigenous Contractors in oversea’s projects. The research was built on the foundation of stage growth theory which postulated that countries should modernize and model themselves after wealthier and economical viable ones to climb the upward ladder for development. The paper adopted a survey design method in which a total of 150 questionnaires were administered representing the sample size and 120 copies filled and submitted completely was achieved through a simple random sampling technique from the target population of 240 Federal Government-registered Indigenous Contractors in the South-South geo-political zone of Nigeria. Data analysis was done through simple percentages, frequencies, mean as well as statistics tools-analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) to test the effect of one variable on another. The results showed that high profit and revenue, expansion of subsidiaries, foreign direct investment (FDI), new technological strength, the local and foreign government supports, amongst others were ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th respectively as key prospects that will be achieved for the economic recovery of the nation. Also, competing in a foreign contract will lower the cost of the project in the country. The paper tested a hypothesis: whether there is value addition on the nation economy via indigenous contractor participation in the foreign project. The alternative hypothesis H1 was accepted since the f-calculated value of 64.24 was greater than the table f-value of 5.29 at 4/20 degree of freedom tested at 0.01 level of significance. It then concluded that Indigenous contractors has not been involved significantly in the overseas project, hence; it recommended an integrated approach, developing external wings, good industry practices, technical and dynamic capabilities, collective championing and depoliticizing construction contract for maximum participation.

Total Station and Global Positioning System (GPS) are two instruments used to fix position on the earth. The total station employs electro-optical distance meter method, emitting laser beams to a target and detecting light reflected off it by measuring the deviation of the wavelength of the reflected light. Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite for rapid position determination, its’ receiver calculates its position by precisely turning the signal sent by GPS satellite high above the earth. The study aims at the assessment of the two instruments: GPS and Total Station. To achieve this aim, two surveys were performed on the same parcel of land using the two instruments. In the first part of the survey, a closed-loop traverse was performed around a chosen parcel of land using a calibrated total station. The station determined only coordinates of points from where bearings and distances were extracted. Thereafter, DGPS equipment was then used to perform a similar survey as the total station. In this case, visible satellites were used to determine the coordinates of all the stations. The results of the two methods present the distances, bearings, and coordinates. The difference between each of the results was also analyzed. Thus the maximum average difference in distance of 5mm occurred throughout the chainage and maximum differences in the coordinate of 12mm Easting and 9mm Northing were found where there are tree covers. However, the study shows that even though the two instruments are good tools for positioning, each exhibited it’s own accuracy, efficiency, advantages and disadvantage.