In this paper, each node has three levels of priority queues. Real-time packets are placed into the highest-priority queue and can preempt data packets in other queues. Non-real-time packets are placed into two other queues based on a certain threshold of their estimated processing time. Leaf nodes have two queues for real-time and non-real-time data packets since they do not receive data from other nodes and thus, reduce end-to-end delay. The priority packet scheduling scheme outperforms conventional schemes in terms of average data waiting time and end-to-end delay and also it reduces sensor energy consumption.

This paper is discussed a transient current-based microgrid connected power system protection scheme using the Wavelet Approach described on wavelet detailed coefficients of Mother Biorthogonal 1.5 wavelet. The proposed algorithm is tested in a microgrid connected power systems environment and proved for the detection, discrimination, and location of faults which is almost independent of fault impedance, fault inception angle (FIA), and fault distance of feeder line.

In the last years, RF power amplifiers are taking advantage of the switched dc-dc converters to use them in several architectures that may improve the efficiency of the amplifier, keeping good linearity. In this study a DC-DC power converter design suitable for high-frequency applications by using a class E power amplifier (Inverter), instead of using small battery values choosing Radio Frequency (RF) values and getting high efficiency of output voltage and a maximum of current and voltage values between 0-9 mW of power input in rectifier, the class E power amplifier designed by using GaN HEMT device and the power added efficiency of 64% after getting optimization of matching network and the gain is 14.4 dBm.

The domain of networking and wireless communication is rapidly expanding to the point where traditional legacy networks research is nearly complete, and they are supposed to be an elder. IoT, the Internet of Things, and the 5G radio communications are the newest networking advancements. These two technologies fulfill all of the researchers' goals of improving people's quality of life. IoT is a framework that allows everyday devices to become smarter, processing to become more intelligent, and communication to become more relevant. The Internet of Things (IoT) has already made huge progress as a ubiquitous solution platform for the linked world. We also discussed the Radio Cognitive RC, which allows people to connect to networks as secondary users at no cost while the service provided is not as good as that provided to primary users who pay a license to use the network. RC can provide a solution for best-effort IoT applications that do not require constant connectivity and high QoS requirements. This study describes all of these technologies and concludes with a recommendation for using IoT and RC in our further works.

One of the popular renewable-based power plants that are appropriate to be installed in developing countries such as Indonesia due to its stability, efficient operation, and economic point of view is Micro-Hydro Power Plant (MHPP). Frequency stability of power plant systems refers to the ability of the generator to maintain a steady frequency during and post faults and rapid dynamic load. To keep the stability of power system frequency from fluctuations, generating units change their power output automatically according to the change of the system frequency or load by balancing the active power with the loads. To keep the stability frequency on MHPP, active power fast control is employed in this study, and all the systems of MHPP and the frequency control are carried out and simulated extensively using MATLAB/Simulink. With the active power control through a fast valving mechanism using the HSVC method, the duration of stability frequency response is faster compared to the system without fast control.

The design, development, and simulation of an automatic Electrical Mains Changeover System (EMCS) using a PIC microcontroller (μC) has been presented in this study. The system consists of an 18-pin DIP package enhanced flash microcontroller PIC16F84A with a 4 MHz crystal used as the main processor, two switching transistors, two relays, and a Low Voltage Power Supply (LVPS). The electrical mains control signal output at RB0 and RB2 of PortB actuate two switching transistors which drive two relays to operate the loads depending on the availability of mains or backup power source. An assembly language program based on MPLAB IDE has been developed to control the operation of the system. The design and verification of the PIC μC based EMCS in the Proteus 8 simulation platform have been completed successfully.