Introduction: Mukta pishti, a traditional Ayurvedic formulation, has been extensively used for its therapeutic benefits. Pearls are available in natural and cultured forms; however, the scarcity and price have limited the use of natural pearls in medicine. Thus, cultured pearls were used for this study. This study aims to characterize the pharmaceutico-analytical characteristics of Mukta pishti given 3, 7, and 21 days Bhavana, using various modern analytical techniques to determine its quality, purity, and therapeutic potential. Materials and Methods: Mukta pishti was prepared as mentioned in the Ayurvedic texts. Physicochemical and instrumental analysis was done before and after the procedure. Results: This study presents the detailed findings on composition, crystalline structure, surface morphology, particle size, and stability. X-ray diffraction patterns of Mukta pishti showed distinct peaks corresponding to calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite. Scanning electron microscope analysis shown micro fineness of the particle size. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emmision Spectroscopy (ICPAES) confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate as the primary component, along with trace elements such as magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, etc. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated the presence of characteristic functional groups corresponding to calcium carbonate and other organic compounds. Zeta Potential analysis showed a high level of stability in all three samples, indicating strong repulsive forces between particles, preventing aggregation. Conclusion: The comprehensive evaluations ensure, Mukta pishti prepared with Gulab arka has enhanced nano particulate formation, consistent elemental composition, and enhanced stability. These findings imply higher bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness, validating the traditional use of Gulab Arka in Mukta pishti preparation.

Background: Annabhedī cendūram is a classical preparation that has been used since ancient times for anemia in Ayurvedic/Siddha practice. The safety profile of the compound in experimental animals has not been established completely. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the safety of the same through acute and subacute oral toxicity studies. Materials and Methods: Before the start of the safety study, a physiochemical analysis of the test compound was carried out. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was done using 90% ethanolic extract of annabhedī cendūram using the toluene, chloroform, and methanol solvent with a ratio of 2:6:2. After completion of the physicochemical analysis, the acute oral toxicity was carried out with the test doses of 52, 260, 520 mg/kg and similarly subacute toxicity study was carried out with 36, 180, and 360 mg/kg doses. Results: The physiochemical analysis through TLC established the presence of several phytoconstituents of different Rf values. During the safety analysis of test compound cage side observations, feed intake, body weight, gross morphology, and necropsy findings of the animals were found to be normal, and no mortality was reported in either of the studies. The hematological, biochemical, and urinary profiles of the test compound during the subacute toxicity showed nonsignificant change as compared to the control animals. Further, the histopathological analysis of major organs of high doses of: Annabhedī cendūram (360 mg/kg) treated animals showed no major lesions and treatment-related changes. Conclusions: The findings of this study established the safety of: Annabhedī cendūram in acute and subacute oral toxicity studies with an LD50 of >520 mg/kg and NOAEL of up to 360 mg/kg.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the rapid proliferation of abnormal myeloid cells in the bone marrow, resulting in impeded production of hematopoietic cells. This case report delves into the clinical journey and integrated Ayurvedic methods employed for two patients diagnosed with AML through the amalgamation of different holistic methods to help improve overall well-being and possibly achieve remission in AML. The study involved analyzing patient blood reports, biochemical data, and physical changes both before and after treatment regimes, including integrated therapies – yoga, pranayama, Ayurvedic medicine, naturopathy sessions, and a customized naturopathic diet plan. Post-Integrated therapy treatment, both patients showed a noteworthy alleviation of AML-related symptoms. Simultaneously, they experienced confidence and happiness, as well as improved quality of life. Their blood reports are also showing much improved parameters. At present, they lead a normal, symptom-free life. The combined influence of these alternative therapies significantly contributed to the patient’s remarkable recovery from AML. This case study aims to explain the comprehensive management plan implemented for patients diagnosed with AML.

Skin cancer is an abnormal growth of skin cells (basal cells, squamous cells, keratinocytes, and melanocytes). The two types of skin cancer are nonmelanoma cancer (due to mutated epidermal keratinocytes) and melanoma cancer (due to mutated melanocytes), most commonly caused due to ultraviolet radiation. This review aims to find out new molecules for the development of a novel drug formulation for the treatment of skin cancer (melanoma) by comparative literature review method. At present, there are four commonly used anticancer drugs in market with different mechanisms such as (a) 5-fluorouracil directly inhibits thymidine synthesis by blocking thymidine synthase enzyme, (b) dacarbazine inhibits transcription of cancer cells by blocking the conversion of DNA into RNA by alkylation, (c) methotrexate inhibits purine and pyrimidine synthesis by blocking folate-related enzymes, and (d) neomenthol inhibits hyaluronidase activity and activates apoptosis by caspase-3 and caspase-10. Here, two plants were identified with some phytoconstituents having the same mechanism of action as that of synthetic products. One is Cynodon dactylon belongs to family Poaceae, consists of beta-sitosterol and syringic acid, and the other is Delonix regia. Delonix regia belongs to family Fabaceae and poses beta-sitosterol, beta-carotene, selenium, lupeol, lycopene, phytoene, and zeaxanthin. Both the above mentioned plants have common phytoconstituents such as beta-sitosterol, beta-carotene, and selenium derivatives; these possess anticancer and antioxidant activity. β-sitosterol follows the mechanism related to methotrexate; beta-carotene follows the mechanism of neomenthol; selenium follows the mechanism of dacarbazine and neomenthol This review explores clarity about some phytoconstituents and the mechanism of action regarding skin cancer to develop a new novel drug delivery system.

Abstract Background: In the present scenario, ayurvedic drugs and their formulations need standardization to understand their pharmacokinetics and to prevent any safety issues. Shadanga Paniya (SP) is a classical ayurvedic formulation composed of six herbs and most of the constituent herbs have been shown the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and total phenolic contents (TPC). Materials and Methods: Preliminary qualitative estimations of alkaloids, flavonoids, and TPC in SP formulation and its constituent herbs were done using Dragendroff’s method, sodium hydroxide solution, and ferric chloride solution. The quantitative estimations were done using bromocresol green, aluminum chloride colorimetric method, and Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent method. Statistical Analysis Used: All the qualitative and quantitative analyses were replicated in three independent assays, and the results were reported as a mean ± standard deviation. Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that constituent herbs of SP formulation have the presence of flavonoids and total phenolic acid, whereas alkaloid was only found in Vetiveria zizanioides herb. The quantitative estimation of alkaloids, total flavonoids, and total phenolic acid contents of SP formulation was found as 86.105 ± 6.4 mgAE/g, 87.8 ± 4.0 mgRE/g, and 105.8 ± 3.8 mgGAE/g, respectively. This is the first report on the phytochemical estimation of SP formulation.

Abstract Outcome of Ayurveda management in Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is studied. A 43-year-old female patient diagnosed with GBS for 10 days approached our hospital. History revealed that the patient was immediately managed in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital for 9 days and was intervened with antibiotics, glucocorticoids, and intravenous immunoglobulins, but the patient’s attenders were not satisfied with the clinical improvements. The patient has a sensory deficit in the whole body below the neck level, loss of power in all extremities, and hypotonia with loss of deep tendon reflexes in all limbs and was diagnosed as Sarvāṅga vāta. Treatment was with panchakarma procedures such as Sarvāṅga alēpa (medicated paste applied to the whole body), Pariṣēka (medicated liquid poured over the whole body), abhyaṅga (therapeutic whole-body massage), Ṣaṣṭika śālī piṇḍa svēda (sudation massage using bolus of boiled rice with balā mūla decoction and milk), Nirūha basti (type of enema therapy), Anuvāsana basti (enema therapy), Grīvā Basti (oil pooling at cervical region of spine), Śirōtalam (medicated paste applied over the scalp), and oral medications. Usually, clinical worsening is observed in the first 2 weeks and then reaches a plateau and recovery might begin. The patient got total relief from the symptoms on the 80th day of the treatment. The patient was observed for the next 175 days. Assessments through the Barthel index, modified Rankin Scale, NIH Stroke Scale, and nerve conduction study showed complete recovery. Ayurveda treatment was effective in total recovery of GBS.

Abstract Background: The development of standard protocol to improve the efficiency of a metal-based ayurvedic drug (Bhasma) requires understanding on the scientific basis and correlation between the preparation method and surface properties of the drug. Objective: With an objective to investigate the change in physico-chemical properties of a bhasma associated with preparation method, an extensive study was conducted on the synthesis and material characterization of ayurvedic drug Praval bhasma. Materials and Methods: Calcium-based ayurvedic traditional drug Praval bhasma was synthesized using red coral calyx which is a natural rich source of calcium. The surface properties and chemical aspects of the synthesised drug were studied using different characterization techniques. Results: The change in chemical composition due to the presence of phytoconstituents was evident from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis. The addition of Calotropis gigantea latex plays a major role in maintaining pH which further reduces the toxicity of metals. The addition of lime juice converts insoluble calcium salt to soluble salt. The results of characterization studies confirmed the reduction in particle size and increase in surface area of the drug which enhances the rate of absorption of calcium. The current study will provide useful insights to tune the physicochemical properties of drugs that are capable to develop a standard protocol which further helps to enhance the efficiency of the drug.

Abstract Context: In wound management, traditional use of plants has received attention by the scientific community, as traditional medicines are a valuable source of affordable, comprehensive medical care. Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) and Nigella sativa Linn (Black cumin) are well known versatile medicinal plants with wide spectrum of biological activity. Methods: This study was undertaken to evaluate the wound healing activity of neem oil (NO) and black cumin oil (BCO) in rats. The oils were standardized using standard procedures. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting of oils were carried out to identify major phytoconstituents present in the oils. The oils were suitably incorporated in carbopol based emulgel formulation, evaluated for physicochemical parameters and stability. Results: The wound healing potential assessed by the measurement of wound contraction and histopathology studies in excision and burn wound models, demonstrated comparable efficacy with standard nano crystalline silver gel (0.002% w/w). This may be attributed to the presence of phytoconstituents such as nimbidin and thymoquinone present in selected oils. Polyunsaturated fatty acid profile of BCO may be responsible for stimulating the release of vascular endothelial growth factor, which plays a significant role in accelerating wound healing process. Conclusion: Topical carbopol 934 base emulgel containing natural oils such as BCO and NO have been successfully prepared for wound management. However, further studies to establish the mechanistic aspects of wound healing needs to be undertaken.

Abstract Background: Plants are extremely useful to humankind as medicine, and hence the properties of medicinal plants have to be scientifically evaluated. Aim: The aim of this study is to establish pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters for stem bark of Ximenia americana Linn. (Olacaceae). Materials and Methods: Macroscopical, microscopical evaluation, powder microscopical studies, quantitative microscopy, physicochemical evaluation, fluorescence analysis, analysis of inorganic elements, and determination of heavy metal contamination were performed as per the World Health Organization guidelines and standard methods. To evaluate various phytoconstituents, phytochemical investigations such as preliminary phytochemical screening, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography were performed. Results: Microscopical studies showed the presence of thick cortex, periderm cells, phloem parenchyma, phloem fibers, sieve elements, prismatic and granular calcium oxalate crystals, and resinous cells. The length and width of fibers, stone cells, and diameter of starch grains were measured. Physicochemical evaluation like ash values has shown total ash – 8.01% ± 0.02% w/w, acid-insoluble ash – 1.53% ± 0.02% w/w, water-soluble ash – 1.54% ± 0.01% w/w, sulfated ash – 12.02% ± 0.07% w/w, water-soluble hot extraction – 26.48 ± 0.02% w/w, cold maceration – 11.76% ± 0.04% w/w, alcohol soluble – 15.69% ± 0.03%w/w, ether soluble – 2.06% ± 0.03% w/w, and loss on drying – 4.88% ± 0.01% w/w. Conclusion: Pharmacognostical study on the stem bark of Ximenia americana may be reported as first. The results of pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies will be helpful for authentication and provide quality control parameters for the stem bark of this plant.

Abstract Background: Bamboo leaf extracted with steep liquor from fermented cereal grains has been used as an ethnomedicine for the treatment of severe typhoid fever in Africa without the proper documentation of its efficacy and side effects. Aim: This study embarks on the evaluation of the toxicity and pharmacological safety profile of fermented Sorghum bicolor liquor extract of Bambusa tuldoides cv. ventricosa leaf as an ethnomedicine against Salmonella typhi infection. Settings and Design: Reconstituted concentrates of various fermented extracts were used for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Acute toxicity assay comprised two phases. The bioassay constitutes a total of 25 albino mice randomly distributed into 5 test groups. Materials and Methods: Steep liquor from fermented S. bicolor seeds served as the extracting solvent for the leaf of B. tuldoides using Soxhlet apparatus. The determination of both the sensitivity test and MIC assay used different levels. Extracts were orally administered for acute toxicity and dosage determination studies. Extracts were administered at concentrations 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL per day for the bioassays. Application of one-way analysis of variance was used for the determination of the statistical significance of the variations at 0.05 and 0.01 levels. Results and Conclusions: The average zones of inhibition were between 15.00 ± 2.34 and 20.00 ± 4.64 mm, and MIC was 12.5 mg/mL for the growth of S. typhi. The extract administered was found to be safe up to 5000 mg/kg body weight dosage. The agglutination result showed a concentration-dependent effectiveness of fermented liquor extract against S. typhi. Therefore, the bamboo leaf extract is efficient for the treatment of S. typhi infection.