This research is aim to study the optimum of time and calcination ffict on hydrotalcite in transesterification reaction in obtaining metyl ester. The reagen has been used in this reaclion were etyl acetat, methanol and hydrotalcite as catalyst. In the reaction was used various of times; 0,5, 1, 2, 3 hours and various catalysts; calcinated catalyst and non-calcinated catalyst. The caracterization of hydrotalcite has used XRD, BET and FTIR instrument.The result of GC intrepetation showed the decreasing of methanol concentration. The result caracterization hydrotalcite using XRD showed difractogram d= 7,60882; 3,79933 and 8,42876Ã…. These peaks have similiarity to the d of Mg/Al standar of hydrocalcite. BET intrepetation showed the specific surface area is 12,337 m2/g, averages of pores are 15,352 Ã…, volume of pores is 3,9 x 10-2 cm3/g. The result of FTIR showed the appearance of hydroxil group with the wavelength; 3450,40 cm-1 and 1635,38 cm-1, CO32- was 1366,66 cm-1 Â and 660,20 cm-1, MgO was 553,23 cm-1, Zn-O is 447,04 cm-1, these wavelengths showed the characteristic of hydrocalcite. Infrared intrepretation showed that the compound Mg-Zn-AlCO3.4H2O was hydrocalcite

The study of addition H2O to the alpha-pinene conversion into terpineol using H2SO4 catalyst has been carried out. The conversion process carried out using a hydration reaction for 4 hours with the variation of the number of water. The mole ratio of alpha-pinene to water l:5, 1:10,1:15, 1:20,1:25. While the H2SO4 as catalyst concentration has equated to the concentration of alpha-pinene for all conditions. The mixture which are alpha-pinene, with varying amounts of water, sulfuric acid catalyst and a fixed cancentration equivalent to the concentration of alpha-pinene and acetone as media refluxed at a temperature of 80-85°C during 4 hours. Hydration products were analyzed using GC-MS ond GC instrument.The results showed that the ratio of alpha-pinene reaction conditions: water l:10, alpha pinene converting as much as 30,29% with selectivity terpineol products as much as 30,395%.Â

The synthesis of biocomposite (HA:TCP) – Gelatine – CMC for bone filler material has been carried out. In this research, the ratio of HA and TCP was varied as follows: 70:30, 50:50 and 40:60. The decrease of HA and the increase of TCP concentration will decrease the density, increase the percentage of porosity and swelling. The best composition for the synthesis was obtained for sample B with the ratio of HA:TCP = 50:50. For sample B, the synthesized biocomposite has the density of 1.67790 gr/cm3, porosity of 78.64%, tension of 10.14 MPa, swelling ability 46.85% and the sample mass degradation percentage of 8.1 %. The composition used for the biocomposite synthesis in this research was suitable to be applied as bone filler material which needs a dense pores and high tension.

Natural gas of GMS (Gas Metering Station) is an important component that must be analyzed routinely in PT. Fertilizer Sriwidjaja because it is the main material used in addition to Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor in the manufacture of ammonia. The quality of natural gas will affect the ammonia and urea fertilizer product. The purpose of this research is to know the composition of hydrocarbons and to know the level of H2S gas in natural gas which is contained in GMS pipes. Determination of H2S levels was performed to find out the many catalysts used in the manufacture of ammonia gas.In determining the hydrocarbon composition, the first gas sample is taken using Stainless Steel Cylinder Tube. After the gas filled tube it was analyzed using GC (Gas Chromatography) and  it will know the hydrocarbon composition of GMS. As for the determination of H2S level, the gas sample taken as much as 30 L through gas spreader and inserted into erlenmeyer with 10% Cd Acetate and NaOH. Subsequently, 1% PADAS (N, N-Dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine sulphate) and FeCl3 were added. After the solution changed to blue color then analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer in 660 nm wavelength.The results obtained are nitrogen-containing natural gas and various hydrocarbon components: methane, hexane, carbon dioxide, ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane, i-pentane, and n-pentane with H2S 2,954 ppm with the largest composition of methane 85.89%. The results have been in accordance with the standards used in the Pusri Industry which apply the provision that the natural gas used should contain methane with concentrations greater than 70%Â

The simple harmonic oscillator model allows a basic understanding of all processes and can be used to analyse optical vibrational modes and electronic transitions in atoms, molecules and crystals, in order to derive general properties of harmonic generation to all orders. In particular, we are done to investigate single, ten, and twenty harmonic oscillator of O2 molecule using GROMACS 4.55. Time is the important factor in simulation because the best result of simulation can be obtained by increasing the number of steps and by decreasing the timesteps. Since the properties only depend on time and not on the specific microscopic model, they can also be adopted for the quantum-mechanical description by using in the classical molecular dynamics.Â

Clay minerals are promising modifiable material for catalysis application. Fit to green chemistry issue, green catalysis based on clay minerals modification has been designed in our research group. Metal oxide and metal complexes modification onto natural and synthetic smectite clay via pillarization and intercalation processes and its application as green catalyst have been investigated. This paper presents the study on preparation of Ni, Zr and Pt insertion on smectite clay structure for green conversion of citronellal to menthol via catalytic hydrogen transfer mechanism and Ru-complex modified smectite clay as novel photocatalysis application. Effect of clay structure modification was also studied in order to investigate the relationship between physicochemical characteristic change of material modifications and its catalytic/photo-catalytic activity. Some interesting phenomena related to the interaction of metal-clay support for their performance toward reaction kinetics and mechanism are reviewed, with emphasis on the evolution of surface properties and some factors affecting catalytic/photo-catalytic activity

Adsorption of Rhodamine B on Citrus sinesis peel biosorbent has been conducted. The adsorption process was carried out in neutral pH for 90 min. The active surface of the Citrus sinesis peel biosorbent was 15 m2/g and the density was 0.52 g/cm3. The adsorption mechanism of Rhodamine B on Citrus sinesis peel biosorbent was studied using 4 adsorption model; Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The adsorption fitted the Freundlich model with the regression value of 0.906. This indicates that the adsorption of Rhodamine B on the surface of Citrus sinesis peel biosorbent was a multilayer interaction.

Lignin was a component of wood and always eliminated by chemical processing in many industries. On the other hand, oil palm bunches were the waste of palm oil industry, where that also containing high lignin.This study used lignin from residual waste of palm oil industry as biomass to adsorb silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) metal that is contained in electroplating waste by looking at lignin mass ratio, temperature and time in order to obtain optimal adsorption condition. The mass variations used were 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, and 500 mg. While for the variation of contact time were 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours. For temperature variations were 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C,   and 60 °C.The results showed that the most optimal lignin mass ratio in adsorbing silver and copper metals was 200 mg/ 50 mL. While the most optimal contact time were 4 hours for Ag and 2 hours for Cu. For the most optimum temperature in adsorbing Ag metal at 50 °C and for Cu metal at 30 °C.

Breast cancer is the second largest number of cancer cases in Indonesia, after cervical cancer. The growth of these cancer cells can be prevented with compounds Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) and Pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1). This compound is an analog of curcumin compounds that have anti breast cancer activity. Modeling the structure of compound PGV-0 and PGV-1 through computational chemistry methods Ab-initio HF/4-31G could be used to predict the geometry and structure elucidation spectra associated with pharmacological activity such as anticancer compounds theoretically.This research involves modeling the structures and spectra prediction calculation compounds PGV-0 and PGV-1 by computational chemistry methods Ab-initio HF/4-31G, using Gaussian03W. The result using Ab-initio HF/4-31G method then compared with data from experimental geometry and the results of calculations with AM1.The results showed that computational chemistry methods Ab-initio HF/4-31G calculations give better results for modeling the structure compared semiempirik method AM1.

Zeolite modification with Cu has been conducted. Material modification is done by impregnating Cu through a zeolite powder reflux process with CuSO4.5H2O solution so that theoretical Cu concentration is 5% followed by oxidation and reduction of solids. Material characterization was performed by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and acidity testing of Cu/Zeolite catalyst. The results showed that the crystallinity level of Cu/Zeolite did not change significantly when compared with natural zeolite. Changes occur at the intensity of the resulting peak, as at the peak of 2I¸ 27.826 Âo which is the mordenite phase in Cu-zeolite has a peak intensity of 1360, while at zeolite with peak of 2I¸ 27,760 Âo with the same phase meliki the smaller intensity of 1048. Testing the acidity of the catalyst was carried out by adsorbing pyridine into the catalyst, then calculating the adsorbed pyridine level, in the zeolite samples of pyridine adsorbed by 0.003 g / g while in the Cu-zeolite sample of 1.0574 g / g. The result of analysis with FTIR to show acidity level is seen in the range of wave number between 1450-1495 cm-1, from zeolite catalyst with wave number 1491,17 cm-1 peak intensity (% T) equal to 6,53, while at Cu-zeolite with wave number 1468.05 cm-1 peak intensity (% T) of 10.99. Testing of catalytic properties of Cu-zeolite catalyst on esterification reaction was done by taking acetic acid with concentration of 0.05 mol and methanol with concentration of 0.1 mol, then added 0.2 gram of catalyst, then reflux process for 1 hour. The results of reflux in the form of methyl esters were then analyzed by gas chromatography to see the retention time and the area of the resulting area. The use of Cu-zeolite catalysts yielding ester is indicated by the appearance of the ester peak.