Se estudiaron 14 cabras y 14 cabrillas de genotipo "regional" o criollas, con el objetivo de conocer el comportamiento reproductivo en sistemas semi-intensivos y determinar la influencia del plano nutricional y la edad al servicio sobre la fertilidad (F), la prolificidad (P) y el intervalo entre partos (IEP). Los animales se dividieron al azar en dos grupos de 14, con 7 cabras y 7 cabrillas cada uno, conformándose los siguientes tratamientos: AT (cabra adulta testigo), AS (cabra adulta suplementada), JT (cabra joven testigo) y JS (cabra joven suplementada). Todos los individuos estuvieron sobre pastura natural de crecimiento primavero-estival. A los animales de los tratamientos AS y JS se les brindó alimentación suplementaria consistente en 800 gramos de heno de alfalfa (primera floración) y 200 gramos de maíz en grano por madre por día, en servicio, al principio y final de la lactancia. Luego de observar el comportamiento reproductivo de machos y hembras durante todo el año, se consideraron los índices de F, P e IEP. Los resultados demuestran que hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P < 0,05) en los porcentajes de F entre los tratamientos AS y JS con respecto a AT y JT, respectivamente.

Con la finalidad de evaluar diferentes condiciones culturales para la produccion de callos y la posterior regeneracion se analizaron 4 genotipos de Lycopersiconesculentum: Planeuco INTA ( P2), Rossol Seleccion La Consulta (R), Cal J (C) y Raci 53 (R,,) en dos condiciones: luz y oscuridad. Como explanto se utilizaron follolos. El medio basal para la produccion de callos fue el MS con diferentes concentraciones de reguladores vegetales : ANA 2 mg.t-' + BAP 1 mg.l-' (MI) y ANA1 mg.l-' + BAP 0,5 mg.l-' (Mil). Los medios de regeneracion tuvieron la misma base salina pero diferentes concentraciones de reguladores vegetales - BAP 2,25mg.l-' +AIA 0,175 mg.I-' (MA) y BAP 4,5 mg.I-' + AIA 0,175 mg.l-' (MB) A los 30dlas de la siembra in vitro se evaluo el porcentaje de callos (C) . Estos resultados permiten concluir que la induccion de organo genesis a partir de tejidos indiferenciados en las condiciones culturales probadas no permitio desarrollar un protocolo de seleccion in vitro de mutantes.

Spraying of phytosanitary products must ensure efficient pest control while avoiding losses that could damage human health and environment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of conventional hollow cone and air-induced hydraulic nozzles, and the addition of an adjuvant (Methylated Seed Oil [MSO]) upon the application quality of a fungicide (penetration, distribution, and uniformity) and losses due to endodrift on wheat and soybean canopies. In each crop, the experimental design was completely randomized,with four replications and a factorial arrangement of nozzles x adjuvant. Droplet spectrum was evaluated by using water-sensitive cards, and brilliant blue as a tracer in the application mixture. According to the results, the MSO did not homogenize the distribution of droplets generated by air-induced nozzles in the wheat canopy, as it depended on the crop height evaluated. In addition, the MSO reduced endodrift independently of the type of nozzle used. Thedistribution of droplets on the soybean canopy depended on the height and not on the type of nozzle nor the addition of MSO. The MSO and its combination with the nozzle type did not reduce endodrift in this crop.

The stability of three slow-release urea products (SRU) and a non-protected granulated urea (U) product was assessed based on their Brix value and total Nitrogen (N) Kjeldahl concentration in water. Each SRU and U products (10 g) was mixed with 50 ml of distilled water at 23.5 °C for various durations: 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. After each period of time, Brix values and total N concentrationswere measured in the aliquots. The N concentrations in all products exhibited time-dependent changes. A positive and linear correlation was observed between the total N in water and Brix values. The R2 between both methods was 0.97. Thus, the Brix value serves as a convenient and effective method to evaluate the relative rate of N release for different SRU products.

Phytosanitary management in ornamental plant production is based on the use of synthetic products causing negative effects on the environment. The aim of this work was to analyze the environmental impact (EI) of pest management in intensive ornamental production in the district of Moreno, province of BuenosAires. The phytosanitary management of three establishments (E1, E2 and E3) representative of the area was described. The applications were analyzed and the EI was quantified through the calculation of the Field Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQf), which considers the effect on beneficial fauna, workers and consumers. The EIQf values were variable (1172.90, 752.90 and 54.70 for E1, E2 and E3, respectively), due to differences in the doses and number ofapplications. Producers used insecticides/acaricides (42 %) and fungicides/bactericides (58 %) homogeneously. Similarity was also observed in the proportion of phytosanitary products used according to the toxicological class, applying twice as many compounds from classes III and IV than those from classes I and II. This is the first contribution on EI of phytosanitary products in ornamental productions in Argentina in general, and in the Moreno district in particular.

Hibiscus cannabinus L. is an annual species cultivated for its fibers. The morphological description of the seeds of the cultivars ‘Endora’ and ‘Tainung' 1’ was broadened, a tetrazolium test procedure was adapted and adjusted, and the embryos were classified according to their viability and vigor. Cells from the seed coat layers participate in the seed coloration and ornamentation. The imbibition cap and the isthmus were identified, and their function wasanalyzed. Lipids and proteins were recognized in the mesophyll of cotyledons and the absence of areoles in the epidermis. Using the tetrazolium test, staining patterns were established to classify the seeds according to their viability. Both cultivars presented acceptable viability values. The germination test supported the proposed methodology for tetrazolium. Novel contributions are made to seed morphology, and structure-function relationships for water intake are proposed. The seeds of both cultivars share the morphological characteristics that are fundamental to the establishment of evaluation criteria in the tetrazolium biochemical test. The adapted tetrazolium viability test protocol allowed the seeds classification as either viable into three categories (high, medium, and low vigor) and non-viable seeds.

Maize was harvested for whole plant silage at two cutting heights (CH) above the ground, 30cm (CH30) and 55 cm (CH55), and with two grain conditioner roller openings (RO), 1mm (RO1) and 3 mm (RO3). The amount of dry matter of the remaining material (DM) and its dry matter percentage (%DM) at both CH was determined. In a bifactorial design, the CH*OR treatments were analyzed for their kernel processing scores (KPS) on the harvested material, and chemicalcomposition and in situ ruminal degradation of starch (DegS) in micro-silage. Plots harvested at CH55 had a larger DM and showed a tendency to present higher %DM and higher %DM in the ensiled material compared to CH30. In themicro-silage, there were some differences in the contents of neutral detergent fiber and of lignin in acid detergent, for both variables the lowest value was presented by the combination CH55-RO3. Both the KPS of the ensiled material and DegS were similar among all treatments. The KPS value indicates minimal processing under the field conditions.

The dryland region of Córdoba province experienced a strong increase in agricultural land-use in the 21st century. Between years 2000 and 2020 the temporal variation of land-use measures derived from the seasonal variation curve of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was analyzed. In eleven departments of the region, the following NDVI measurements wereobtained for each crop cycle from September to April: minimum value (NDVIn), maximum value (NDVIx), amplitude (NDVIa=NDVIx-NDVIn) and mean value (NDVIm). The sowing percentage per department was analyzed spatially and temporally, as well as the land use indicators. Both NDVIn and NDVIx are related to the sowing area per department, determining a negative correlation (-0.36) for NDVIn and a positive one (0.596) for NDVIx. The positive correlation with NDVIa (0.569) is considered directly linked to the agricultural land use. The seasonal variation of the NDVI showed changes over time, which werecompatible with the increase in agricultural activity in the region. Although the increase in agricultural land use was noticeable through both the decrease in NDVIn and the increase in NDVIx, along with a general trend towards rising NDVIa values, the variation was more apparent in those departments where agricultural activity increased to a greater proportion.

Alfalfa breeding programs require environmentally friendly alternatives to improve plant growth and health. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and endophytic bacteria offer a biological solution as they can inhibitphytopathogenic fungi by producing antifungal compounds or enzymes. In Argentina, alfalfa is primarily affected by Colletotrichum trifolii (Ct) and Phytophthora megasperma (Pm). The objectives of this study were to select bacterial isolates with antifungal inhibition against Ct and Pm and identify a biocontroller isolate compatible with the rhizobia INTA5 has and with low-N2O emissions, to constitute an eco-friendly bacterial consortium. Ten isolates demonstrated antifungal inhibition, with mean Inhibition Percentage (IP) values between 41.74-91.28 for Ct and 56.23-77.59 for Pm compared to the control. Among these isolates, B2, B4, SC6, and MN1 showed the highest inhibition performance and were selected to evaluate their compatibility with INTA5. Only B4 exhibited compatibility, which was further evaluated against Ct in an experiment with alfalfa seedlings under controlled conditions. The alfalfaseedlings treated with B4 increased the plant survival number against Ct. The availability of a bacterial consortium that promotes biocontrol and biological nitrogen fixation represents the preferred strategy for alfalfa breeding programs.