religious meaning system fear of death wisdom meaning-making older adultsA close examination of recent studies in these fields demonstrated that relationships between religion and fear of death are likely to be mediated by the structures of wisdom and meaning-making.In this study, we investigated a parallel longitudinal mediation of wisdom and meaning-making in the association between the religious meaning system and fear of death in older adults.A longitudinal study with triplicate measurements was conducted on a sample of 270 Polish older adults (141 women and 129 men; M age = 68.32years, SD = 6.32).Four questionnaires were used: the Religious Meaning System Questionnaire, the Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale, the Fear of Death Scale, and the Meaning-Making Questionnaire.The serial mediation analysis with a bias-corrected bootstrapping method showed that the relationship between the religious meaning system and fear of death was mediated by meaning-making and wisdom.These results suggest that one's religious meaning system, through increasing both meaning-making processes and wisdom, has a positive effect on decreasing fear of death.The intrapersonal structures of meaning and wisdom thus play a significant role within the gerotranscendental model of positive aging.

empathy relationship satisfaction core conditions mate preferences romantic relationshipsRogers believed that being empathetic, nonjudgemental, and honest were attitudes essential to therapeutic change.However, he saw the potential for these "core conditions" beyond therapeutic settings.Given the marked (yet unexplored) similarities between an ideal therapist and a partner, and implications of these relationships on individual wellbeing, we assessed the importance of core conditions in long-term romantic relationships, relative to social traits -specifically, kindness, intelligence, and social status.Participants (n = 364) rated their partners on the core conditions and traits widely used in the mate preference literature, and also completed measures of their relationship satisfaction and mental health (depression and anxiety).We found that perceived level of empathy in one's partner predicted relationship satisfaction, but not mental health, above and beyond the comparison traits.The results highlight the importance of empathy, and potentially the core conditions, in the context of long-term relationships -and beyond.

misophonia cognitive functions inhibitory control children pediatricMisophonia is a disorder characterized by adverse reactions to specific repetitive sounds, such as oral and nasal noises made by humans (e.g., chewing, sniffing) and environmental sounds (e.g., animal licking, tapping).These reactions can manifest early in life and involve the nervous, autonomic, and perceptual systems.Cognitive functions appear to play a key role in how these stimuli are processed in individuals with misophonia.Although it is associated with various psychiatric disorders, it also presents distinct clinical features that suggest alterations in cognitive processing, particularly selective attention and inhibitory control.However, research on cognitive processes in situations without exposure to trigger sounds in individuals with misophonia, especially children, remains limited.Given that misophonia typically begins in childhood or adolescence, understanding its early cognitive profile is crucial.This study investigated cold cognitive processes, including inhibitory control, selective and divided attention, and verbal and abstract reasoning using performance-based tests in children with misophonia (n = 32) and controls without sound-related issues (n = 30), aged 7-17.Children with misophonia outperformed controls in divided attention (p < .001)and inhibitory control (p < .001),with no differences in other cognitive domains.Logistic regression showed that better inhibitory control increased the likelihood of misophonia, while linear regression indicated that misophonia status and selective attention predicted better inhibitory control.These results suggest that misophonia in children is related to enhanced inhibitory control rather than deficits in cognitive functioning.A better understanding of these cognitive processes could be an important step toward understanding the nature of misophonia, especially in pediatric populations.

teachers protocol landscape mentoring emotions SEL TAPSince modern teaching is an emotional rollercoaster, maintaining emotional, and therefore, social comfort in a school environment is a prerequisite for all educators when preparing and cooperating with teachers.Due to the nature of teaching, certain emotions are clearly more dominant, and the teacher's mental state is significantly affected by them.The current study, based on a mixedmethod approach, aimed to discover the types of emotions that accompany early career teachers at school.Furthermore, it landscapes a metaphorical map of the teacher's emotional development according to the teachers' attitude protocol (TAP), and the results imply that every stage brings distinct emotions affecting the teacher's mental state, which might be especially useful when mentoring young teachers.

borderline pattern borderline personality disorder depression hostile attributions social cognitionDepression, a multifaceted mental health disorder, is often associated with negative cognitive biases such as hostile attributions (HA).However, the borderline pattern, with its characteristic emotional dysregulation and complex interpersonal interactions, may have a significant role in this relationship.To better understand these associations, we analyzed data from two research studies.The first study, based on a reanalysis of data from a previous study conducted on the general population (N = 54), utilized electroencephalography (EEG) alongside the Personality Assessment Inventory Borderline Features (PAI-BOR) Scale.The second study (N = 189), conducted on the general population and prisoners, focused on negative affectivity and disinhibition, two domains of personality pathology that characterize borderline pattern.Results from both studies revealed a link between depression and HA, with features/domains of borderline pattern emerging as a key predictor of HA.Additionally, apart from negative affectivity, detachment predicted hostile attribution, and, not as hypothesized, disinhibition.Our findings suggest that in investigating hostile attributions, it is more important to consider depressive tendencies stemming from underlying personality pathology (i.e., borderline patterns) rather than mere symptoms of depression.

motor fluency preference judgments simulation keyboardThe literature on embodied cognition has shown that the perception of action-related stimuli can trigger a covert motor simulation of the action usually associated with these stimuli.Such simulation is thus closely linked to previous experiences with the objects and hence to memory processes.Preliminary evidence shows that sensorimotor fluency originating from the motor system can influence higher cognitive processes, such as preference judgments, when observing action-related stimuli, such as letter dyads (e.g., FA, TR): fluent (i.e., easier to type) dyads on the QWERTY keyboard are preferred over nonfluent dyads.These effects were attributed to the automatic activation of fluent motor programs during the observation of dyads.With the aim of gaining a better understanding of the role of fluency in preference judgments, we further investigated this effect by comparing slow and fast typists who should have different motor programs associated with the dyads and should therefore show different preferences.Our results show that fluency affects likeability of letter dyads, but in different ways for slow and fast typists: slow participants showed a preference for fluent dyads, while fast participants did not.We concluded that fast typists, who are characterized by greater typing skills, considered both types of dyads as subjectively fluent, leading to no specific preferences, while slow typists, who are characterized by lower typing skills, preferred easy dyads.

The current study pioneers the exploration of the dynamic modulation of children's brain activities, specifically alpha power, in response to varying degrees of social engagement. Real-time electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring was employed on 97 children to investigate alpha power during two distinct social activities: sand-playing and story-listening, under three conditions: the presence of a parent, a stranger, or being alone. It is hypothesized a decrease in children's alpha power with the presence of others and that this alpha suppression effect would be stronger at higher levels of social engagement. Findings indicated a significant modulation of alpha power in response to social presence during story-listening, evidenced by a decrease in alpha amplitude when a parent or stranger is present compared to being alone. In contrast, during sand-playing activities, no significant differences were observed, suggesting that the social modulation of alpha power is context-dependent and relates to attentional engagement with the social stimulus. These results contribute to the understanding of the neural basis of social cognition in children, demonstrating that social presence and the level of attentional demands significantly influence brain dynamics, as reflected in alpha power modulation.

parenting styles parental involvement academic achievement reciprocal relationships ChineseParenting styles (PS) and parental involvement (PI) are established influencers of students' academic achievement.However, research examining their simultaneous and reciprocal impact remains sparse.The current study scrutinized these reciprocal relationships.A two-wave longitudinal research design involving 3,768 Chinese middle school students was conducted in the study.Participants completed an online questionnaire regarding their PS and PI, in addition to standardized subject tests.Results of the cross-lagged paths across two-time points revealed nuanced evocative effects, indicating that authoritative PS and PI in daily life positively predicted students' academic achievement, whereas permissive PS and PI in study negatively predicted it.Students' academic achievement positively predicted their authoritative PS and PI in daily life but negatively predicted their authoritarian and permissive PS.These insights offer valuable guidance for educators in devising effective educational interventions and help parents refine their parenting practices to bolster adolescents' academic achievement.