Sustainable Healthy Diets (SHD) are understood to improve individual health while reducing environmental pressures; however, the integration of biological, ecological, and cultural dimensions remains insufficiently explored. This review aimed to describe SHD practices from these three perspectives to address gaps in knowledge regarding their bio-ecological and cultural interconnections. Methods: A literature review was conducted in March–April 2024 on English-language articles published between 2010 and 2024. Searches were performed in MDPI, PubMed, Science Direct, and The Lancet Planetary Health using the PECOS criteria. Of the 2,443 articles identified, 332 duplicates were removed, and 1,937 articles were excluded based on the inclusion criteria, leaving 174 articles for full-text assessment. The results showed that the SHD encompassed several dietary models, including local food–based diets, the Mediterranean diet, and the Planetary Health Diet, all of which emphasized plant-based choices. Biologically, SHD is associated with a reduced risk of non-communicable diseases, greater longevity, and adequate nutrient intake. Ecologically, SHD contributes to lower greenhouse gas emissions, reduced carbon and water footprints, and encourages food waste reduction. Culturally, SHD reflects moral values related to animal welfare, belief systems, veganism, and religious practices. In conclusion, this review highlights the importance of integrating biological, ecological, and cultural considerations to strengthen SHD implementation. This study supports evidence-based dietary recommendations and accelerates the transition toward healthier and more sustainable global food systems.

This study aimed to develop a functional food innovation by incorporating Arabica coffee into traditional Bhoi cakes to address the demand for healthier dietary options among Generation Z. This study applied a Research and Development (R&D) approach using a 4D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). The study was conducted from January to May 2025 at the Food Technology and Nutritional Chemistry Laboratory of Banda Aceh. Ten experts and 80 untrained panelists were recruited through purposive sampling. Arabica coffee powder was substituted at 5%, 7.5%, and 10% of the flour weight. The proximate composition, antioxidant activity (UV-Vis spectrophotometry), and sensory attributes of the samples were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests at a 5% significance level. The results showed that 10% substitution significantly increased the antioxidant activity (34.7 ± 1.2 mg GAE/g) compared to that in the control (18.5 ± 0.9 mg GAE/g, p < 0.01). Sensory evaluation also indicated higher preference scores for color, aroma, taste, and texture at the 10% level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the Arabica coffee-based Bhoi cake demonstrates the feasibility of enriching traditional foods with functional properties while preserving their cultural identity. This innovation may serve as a model for developing functional foods based on local culinary heritage.

Local Food-Based Feeding Recommendations (LFFRs) were developed to fulfill the nutritional needs of stunted toddlers but remain underexplored in community settings. This study systematically examined child feeding practices based on LFFRs and investigated the contextual factors, challenges, and strategic efforts influencing their implementation by mothers of toddlers. A qualitative narrative design was used. Six mothers of toddlers were purposively selected and participated in in-depth interviews, each lasting 45–60 min. Data collection was conducted over two months. Thematic analysis was used to identify key patterns, and source triangulation was applied to enhance the credibility and trustworthiness of the findings. The analysis of the interview data revealed five main categories and 12 subthemes. These main categories were: (1) Overview of LFFRs implementation, (2) Factors influencing TIPs LFFRs, (3) Challenges in implementing TIPs LFFRs, and (4) Strategies to improve children's intake. The findings revealed varied consumption patterns, with animal-based proteins (mainly eggs and chicken) dominating, limited intake of plant-based proteins (primarily tofu and tempeh), and fluctuating fruit, vegetable, and dairy consumption. Key barriers included children’s food preferences, time constraints, limited knowledge of local food preparation (e.g., wader fish and fresh milk), and perceived food-related risks. Adaptive strategies, such as diverse food processing and small frequent feedings, were employed by some mothers. These findings highlight the need for context-specific nutrition education and practical support for mothers, complemented by further research, evidence-based visual modules, practical caregiver training, and strengthened cross-sectoral collaboration to ensure the sustainable implementation of LFFRs and local food availability.

Inappropriate complementary feeding negatively affects children under two years. Parity, education, and maternal knowledge were associated with inappropriate complementary feeding. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between parity, education, and maternal knowledge of complementary feeding at the Jeulingke Primary Health Center in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. This analytical, observational study used a cross-sectional design. Data will be collected from September to October 2024 through interviews using questionnaires and 1 × 24-hour food recalls. This study included 76 mothers selected using consecutive sampling at seven integrated health service points in the Jeulingke Primary Health Center area. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s test with a 90% confidence interval and an alpha level of 0.1. The study showed that 65.8% of the mothers provided appropriate complementary feeding practices. Parity was not significantly associated with complementary feeding (p = 0.194; r = -0.151). Maternal education (p = 0.049; r = 0.227) and knowledge (p = 0.028; r = 0.253) had weak relationships with complementary feeding practices. In conclusion, to implement appropriate complementary feeding, the education and knowledge of mothers as primary providers of complementary feeding at the Jeulingke Primary Health Center in Banda Aceh must be improved.

Food processing plays a critical role in maintaining food quality and safety. However, scientific information regarding the effectiveness of sand baking as an alternative cooking technique remains limited, particularly in the context of marine fish. This study aimed to compare the sensory and physical qualities of mackerel processed using sand baking and conventional grilling. This study was conducted from January to September 2025 using a laboratory experimental design. Twenty fish were divided into two treatment groups. Sensory evaluation was performed by three trained panelists using hedonic and hedonic quality tests to assess the samples. The physical analyses included measurements of the moisture content and texture. Data were compared using independent t-tests. The results showed that The sensory scores for both methods were categorized as good, with no significant differences in taste (p = 0.742), aroma (p = 0.423), texture (p = 0.423), or color (p = 0.423). The physical parameters were also comparable between the two treatments. In conclusion, sand baking can produce organoleptic and physical qualities equivalent to those achieved through conventional grilling. This technique has the potential to be an applicable and efficient alternative fish processing method for community use.

Preeclampsia remains one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Indonesia. Iron deficiency anemia is considered a modifiable risk factor; however, few studies have specifically examined the relationship between anemia status and iron intake and the risk of preeclampsia during the second trimester of pregnancy. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between anemia status and iron intake and the risk of preeclampsia among second-trimester pregnant women. A cross-sectional analytical design was employed involving 150 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling in the working area of Pattallassang Public Health Center, Takalar Regency, between January and March 2025. Data were collected through hemoglobin level examination, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for iron intake assessment, and medical records for preeclampsia diagnosis. Data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression tests to determine the associations and predictive strength. The results showed that 30% of respondents experienced preeclampsia, 42% had anemia, and 64% had an inadequate iron intake. Anemia and inadequate iron intake were significantly associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia (p < 0.05). In conclusion, anemia and iron intake are important predictors of preeclampsia risk, highlighting the need for nutritional screening and early intervention to prevent further complications.

Obesity has become a global public health problem with increasing prevalence. In Indonesia, Aceh ranks 10th out of 38 provinces, with an obesity prevalence of 24.4%. The number of obesity cases in Aceh Besar Regency among individuals of productive age has increased, despite an overall decline in patient visits between 2022 and 2024. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and consumption habits of junk food and the risk of obesity in individuals of productive age. This observational analytical study with a case-control design was conducted in Aceh Besar between May and June 2025. The sample consisted of 120 productive-age adults (15–64 years) selected through proportional sampling methods. Knowledge, attitudes, and junk food consumption were measured using a structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity, and data analysis was performed using the chi-square test. The results showed a significant relationship between knowledge (p=0.017; OR=0.375) and junk food consumption habits (p=0.001; OR=0.269) and the incidence of obesity. Conversely, attitudes did not show a statistically significant relationship with the risk of obesity (p=0.083; OR=0.509). In conclusion, nutritional knowledge and junk food consumption habits are important factors in the risk of obesity in individuals of productive ages. Strengthening nutrition education and reducing fast-food consumption are recommended community-based obesity prevention measures.

Oxidative stress is a primary mechanism of aging and is characterized by elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Natural antioxidants are being increasingly explored for the prevention of premature aging. The gonads of the sea urchin Diadema setosum contain bioactive compounds, including omega-3 fatty acids, flavonoids, and phenolics, which possess unique ecological adaptations that enhance secondary metabolite production, making them a promising marine antioxidant source. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of D. setosum gonad extract on MDA levels in male Wistar rats undergoing d-galactose-induced aging. An experimental post-test control group design was conducted from July to November 2024, involving 24 rats divided into four groups: standard control (K1), positive control (K2), and two treatment groups receiving extracts at doses of 100 mg/kg (P1) and 300 mg/kg (P2). D-galactose was used for aging at 150 mg/kg body weight for eight weeks, followed by oral administration of the extract for an additional eight weeks. MDA levels were measured using ELISA at weeks 0, 6, 10, and 14. The results showed a significant increase in MDA levels in the positive control group (K2) compared to the normal group (p=0.002), indicating oxidative stress induction. In contrast, treatment with D. setosum gonad extract, particularly in the P2 group, significantly reduced MDA levels (p<0.05), approaching those of the normal group. In conclusion, D. setosum gonad extract has potential as a natural antioxidant for suppressing oxidative stress associated with aging.

The rising demand for quality nutrition services and increasing burden of NCDs contrast with Indonesia’s limited adoption of AI in primary healthcare, underscoring the need to explore AI-driven policies to enhance nutrition service delivery in resource-constrained settings. This study examines how AI-based digital health policies can improve the efficiency and quality of nutrition services and identifies barriers that hinder their implementation. A total of 42 articles were reviewed using a framework encompassing three major dimensions: digital system readiness, digital competency of health workers, and robustness of health data governance. The review identified three central challenges: (1) inadequate digital system reliability, which limits the optimal use of AI in primary healthcare facilities; (2) insufficient digital literacy among nutrition personnel and patients, which reduces the effectiveness of AI-based tools; and (3) the absence of clear regulations to ensure health data protection, system interoperability, and ethical AI use. This study contributes new insights by highlighting AI-based nutrition services as an emerging field that requires greater attention in Indonesia’s digital health transformation. The findings underscore the need for stronger policies aimed at enhancing digital infrastructure, improving digital competencies among healthcare workers, and establishing clear regulatory frameworks to ensure the safe and effective use of AI in nutrition services in primary healthcare settings.

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a structural and functional abnormality of the heart that occurs at birth. If left untreated, CHD can lead to heart failure, respiratory infection, and malnutrition. Data on nutritional status, anemia, leukocyte count, and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in pediatric CHD patients with heart failure remain limited. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between nutritional status, anemia, leukocyte count, and serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D levels, and heart failure in children with CHD. A cross-sectional study was conducted at three hospitals in Banda Aceh from August 1, 2022, to July 31, 2023. Pediatric patients with CHD underwent anthropometric, echocardiographic, and laboratory examinations. The exclusion criteria included renal, urinary, endocrine, and hematologic-oncological disorders. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, and the Mann–Whitney U test was applied for nonparametric variables. Results: Of the 128 patients with CHD (46.1% men), 78.9% had heart failure. Poor nutritional status was found in 49.2% of patients, and anemia in 51.6%, with many showing abnormal leukocyte counts and low serum 25(OH)D levels. Low serum 25(OH)D levels (p=0.010; OR=6.7) and abnormal leukocyte counts (p=0.000; OR=55.6) were significantly associated with heart failure. In conclusion, low serum 25(OH)D levels and abnormal leukocyte counts significantly increase the risk of heart failure in children with CHD.