The study was aimed to characterize and determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli isolated from semen of male patients with infertility attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital (MMSH) Kano, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty five (165) Semen specimens were collected from males with infertility attending the clinic and General out Patient Department of MMSH Kano. The seminal fluids were diluted with sterile saline, centrifuged and cultured on Nutrient agar, Blood agar, Chocolate agar and MacConkey agar then incubated aerobically and in 5% CO2 at 37°C for 24 hours for the isolation of pathogenic microorganism. Isolates were identified based on Gram’s staining, biochemical tests and API 20E Test. The result shows a total of seventy six (76) isolates were obtained, Staphylococcus aureus was found to have the highest occurrence of 31 (40.79%), whereas the least was found to be Mycoplasma species, 1 (1.32%). Other microorganisms encountered include; Coagulase negative Staphylococcus species 14 (18.42%), Escherichia coli 11 (14.47%), Klebsiella pneumonia 6 (7.89%), Proteus mirabilis 5(6.58%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 (7.90%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2 (2.63%). The sensitivity and resistivity of E. coli against the antibiotics, the result showed high sensitivity of isolates to ciprofloxacin (81.8%), ofloxacin (72.7%), co-trimoxazole (63.3%) and gentamicin and augmentin ((54.5%) each. On the other hand, high degree of resistivity rates to tetracycline (81.8%), Cefuroxime (63.6%) and ceftriaxone (54.5%), were detected. It has been concluded that E. coli is one of the organism associated with infertility in men.

Background: Undescended testis may present in adolescent and adults due to torsion, hernia or infertility. We present our experience in the management of undescended testes in adolescent and adult patients. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of 30 patients above the age of 10 years managed for undescended testes by our hospital from January 2011 to December, 2020. Data was collected via proforma and analysed using SPSS version 25.0 for windows. Results: The mean age of the patients was 31.1 ± 14.1 years with a range of 12-70 years. There was infertility in 15 patients (50%), groin swelling ± pain in 15 patients (50%). Orchidopexy ± herniorrhaphy and orchidectomy was done for 20 patients (66.7%). Conclusion: Undescended testes in adult and adolescent may present due to infertility, torsion, hernia or malignant transformation. Orchidopexy with or without orchidectomy is done depending on the location, bilaterality and status of the testes.

For many years, human population across the world utilizes environmental resources such as plants to treat infectious diseases. The study was aimed to determine the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of various extracts of S. birrea against some bacteria associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Four (4) clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella) isolated from urine samples collected from patients with urinary tract infections attending Abubakar Imam Urology Hospital Kano, Northern Nigeria were tested against aqueous and methanol extracts of Sclerocarya birrea stem bark using agar well diffusion method. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of the extract was conducted using conventional laboratory methods. The result showed that the stem bark extract of Sclerocarya birrea contain saponin, phenol, terpenoid, alkaloid, flavonoid, anthraquinones and tannin. Quantitatively, flavonoid was found to be the most abundant constituent making about 16.5% followed by phenol 12.5%. The result of antibacterial activity of the extracts against the test isolated indicated that the extracts were active against the isolate with higher activity shown by methanol extract (13.5 mm) when compared to aqueous extract (11.4 mm). Escherichia coli was found to be the most sensitive isolate (13.8 mm) while Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the least susceptible to the isolate (12.3 mm). However, the differences in the sensitivity of the isolates to the extracts is not significant at p<0.05. It is concluded that the stem bark extracts of Sclerocarya birrea is active against some bacterial isolates associated with UTI.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between kidney sizes in ultrasonography (USG) and split renal function in 99mTechnetium Dimercapto Succinic Acid (99mTc-DMSA) renal scintigraphy (RS) in adults, and find out cut off values of many kidney sizes to detect decreased renal function. Material and Methods: A total of 133 patients who had ultrasonography of kidney and decreased split renal function in 99mTc--DMSA were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1) had no previous urologic operations, or no information about the kidney size, previously. Group 2 (G2) had a urologic operation at related kidney. The correlation between longitudinal size, transvers size, axial size, and split renal function of related kidney in 99mTc--DMSA was applied. Kidney size cut-off values were calculated to detect <30%, <20%, and <10% split renal functions, respectively. Results: There was a linear correlation between longitudinal kidney size in USG and split renal function in 99mTc--DMSA in G1 (p=0.001), but there wasn’t in G2 (p=0.125). The longitudinal kidney size cut-off value to detect <30%, <20%, and <10% split renal functions in 99mTc--DMSA were calculated as 71 mm (with 80% sensitivity), 66 mm (with 90% sensitivity), and 56 mm (with 90% sensitivity) for G1, and 95mm(with 80% sensitivity), 82mm(with 90% sensitivity), and 52mm(with 90% sensitivity) for G2, respectively. Conclusions: There is a correlation between kidney size and split renal function in 99mTc-DMSA-RS, and detected cut-off values will help to decide about split renal function without need for 99mTc-DMSA-RS.