The aim of the study was to compare methods for estimating residential land capacity in two rural municipalities –one from the Lubelskie region and the other from the Mazowieckie region –in the context of preparing general plans. The scope of the analysis covered the years 2023–2024 and was based on planning documents, cadastral records, and spatial data. The research methodology relied on comparative analysis to integrate planning, cadastral, and environmental data, supported by the use of GIS tools. The analysis was based on planning, cadastral, and spatial data, using GIS tools. Three calculation variants were applied, differing primarily in the assumed plot sizes and development intensity indices. The results revealed significant discrepancies between planning assumptions and the actual spatial development patterns. The working hypothesis is that reliance on generalized assumptions in estimating development capacity risks considerable distortions when contrasted with analyses incorporating local spatial determinants. The study confirmed that there is no universal calculation model, and that the choice of indicators has a considerable impact on the outcomes. The findings highlight the importance of spatial data analysis as a foundation for developing reliable and locally appropriate general plans, which should be complemented by an assessment of the qualitative aspects of the built environment.

The study was conducted in ethnic minority and mountainous communes of Thua Thien Hue (A Luoi and Nam Dong), where fragmented terrain is prone to flash floods, landslides, and droughts. The population depends on agriculture and forestry but is highly affected by climate change. Using a research-based approach, the study assesses hazard, exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity to determine vulnerability and risk levels. Very high vulnerability covers 6.82% of the area, mainly in A Luoi (74.03%), 2.85 times higher than Nam Dong. High vulnerability accounts for 21.43%, with A Luoi (82.48%) exceeding Nam Dong (17.52%) by 4.71 times. Very high-risk areas make up 4.69%, with Nam Dong (56.35%) surpassing A Luoi (43.65%) by 1.29 times. High-risk areas (13%) are concentrated in A Luoi, 2.58 times higher than Nam Dong. To reduce impacts, key measures include forest conservation, infrastructure upgrades, disaster warnings, and sustainable livelihoods.

Street names have long been of scholarly interest, yet their regional variation remains surprisingly underexplored, despite several compelling reasons to expect its presence. This article presents findings from a study of the regional differentiation in the structure of street names across Poland’s administrative regions (voivodeships). Drawing on data from the TERYT register, the names were cleaned, coded, and subjected to quantitative analysis using similarity measures and hierarchical clustering methods. The results reveal that all voivodeships exhibit a similarly high degree of internal unevenness in their street name structures, and –except in the case of geographical and topographical names –demonstrate a generally high level of inter-regional similarity. For both the full set of street names and the subset of geographical-topographical names, the analysis identified spatially coherent groupings of voivodeships with comparable naming structures. These groupings closely reflect the patterns of historical (relict) boundaries and the configuration of major physiographic regions.

The study examines geomorphological changes of forest roads created and used during timber extraction in wind-damaged and bark-beetle-affected areas of the northern Tatra Mountains. Mapping 27 km of roads and repeated cross-section measurements (2015–2024) allowed assessment of incision, accumulation, slope, lithology and usage intensity. Erosion was the dominant process, with average annual incision of 0.02 m and accumulation of 0.01 m. Road degradation was most strongly controlled by usage intensity, while the influence of slope, lithology and alignment was less consistent. Road density decreased markedly over the decade due to declining use and vegetation recovery. Results show that reducing road use is the most effective way to limit erosion, although many roads remain persistent landforms on mountain slopes.

The text reflects on the use of documentary sources in the study of the borderland, using Lemkiv-shchyna in the first half of the 20th century as a case study. It examines materials including records of state authorities and political organisations from 1900–1947, the critical analysis of which provides a deeper under-standing of the processes shaping the cultural and natio-nal identity of Lemkivshchyna. The sources concerning the Lemkos and their localities make it possible to investigate changes in religious differentiation, national structure, population distribution (including in the con-text of resettlement), as well as the political factors that influenced these transformations.

This study aims to examine the use of Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory in tourism studies through bibliometric analysis. SOR theory, which provides an important theoretical framework for understanding tourist behavior, has been used to analyze how tourism experiences are shaped by environmental stimuli and the effects of these stimuli on tourists’ psychological processes. The study analyzed 125 articles in the Web of Science database to identify scientific collaborations in this field, the most contributing authors and institutions and the most frequently used keywords. The study reveals that new technologies, especially digitalization and virtual reality tourism, offer powerful analysis tools when considered in the context of SOR theory. The study also found that SOR theory has not been sufficiently examined in different destination types and geographical regions such as rural tourism, ecotourism and cultural heritage tourism and that these areas present important gaps for future research. These findings may contribute to the development of more targeted and personalized marketing strategies in strategic planning in the tourism sector.

This article evaluates the financial situation of selected municipalities in the Silesian Region (2019–2023) and identifies key financial challenges for local government units (LGUs) in light of economic, demographic, and spatial changes. The study covers 20 municipalities, selected based on their share of own-source revenues, and applies both quantitative and qualitative methods. It includes analysis of financial autonomy indicators, revenue and expenditure trends, and correlations between own revenues and investment capacity. A review of strategic documents and a SWOT analysis were also conducted. Results show that urban and tourist LGUs have greater financial independence than peripheral ones, which are more reliant on government subsidies. The need to diversify revenue sources and optimize budgetary strategies is emphasized to strengthen fiscal stability.

The main objective of this study was to propose a set of indicators based on the buffering procedure and publicly available spatial data that could be used to determine the degree of compactness of development. The Database of Topographic Objects (BDOT 10k) provided by geoportal.gov.pl was used to perform the analyses, and the Buffer (Geoprocessing) tool available in ArcGIS was used to conduct the analyses. Three measures were used in morphology analyses using buffers: net population density, circularity index (compactness index) and proposed by authors the development compactness index, calculated as the ratio of the area of the consolidated buffer (the area of built-up areas) to the area of buffers around individual buildings (the non-consolidated buffer). The research was carried out on the example of three rural municipalities of the Lower Silesian province (Czernica, Udanin and Lewin Kłodzki) and towns of Kłodzko County. The study showed that the net population density calculated in relation to the built-up area and the development compactness index could be used in studies of the morphology of settlements, directly or indirectly indicating their compactness. In turn, the circularity index is negatively correlated with the other indices and population of settlements.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted tourism, reshaping its operations in rural and urban areas. New regulations, economic challenges, and tourist fears forced changes in practices. A noticeable trend was the shift from cities to the countryside, increasing interest in agritourism. This study focused on agritourism farms in Greater Poland region, analyzing their operations during the pandemic from the perspectives of managers. Interviews with 12 facility operators explored challenges, opportunities, and future prospects for their services. Conducted in early 2023, after the pandemic subsided, the research reflects on the consequences of adaptations and the outlook for rural tourism. Interestingly, many operators viewed the pandemic not only as a challenge but also as an opportunity, with some even experiencing periods of prosperity. These findings highlight the adaptability of agritourism and its ability to thrive despite global uncertainty.