Dental implants offer a reliable solution for tooth replacement, but peri-implant diseases, especially peri-implantitis, jeopardize long-term success by causing inflammation and bone loss. Mechanical debridement is the primary treatment, though its effectiveness is limited by the complex implant surface. Adjunct therapies, particularly natural bioactive compounds, like thymoquinone from Nigella sativa, have shown promise in improving treatment outcomes due to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of locally applied thymoquinone gel combined with mechanical debridement in treating peri-implantitis. This prospective study included 40 participants with peri-implantitis, randomized into two groups. Group 1 received mechanical debridement alone, while Group 2 received debridement with 0.2% thymoquinone gel. Clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), peri-implant probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were measured at baseline and after 3 months. Statistical analysis was performed using paired and independent t-tests. At the 3-month follow-up, Group 2 showed significantly better outcomes in PI (0.50 ± 0.20), GI (0.62 ± 0.11), PPD (3.02 ± 0.14 mm), and CAL (3.17 ± 0.31 mm) compared to Group 1 (p < 0.05). Thymoquinone gel as an adjunct to mechanical debridement significantly improves peri-implantitis management, offering a promising therapeutic option. Further studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness.

Despite the favorable long-term outcomes reported with implants-prosthetic rehabilitations, biological and technical complications may be frequent. This review aimed to describe the different implant-supported hybrid prostheses, assessing the frameworks designs, materials, mechanical behavior, and prosthetic complications. A search was done using Medline/PubMed and Scopus databases from January 1985 to December 2022. The most relevant papers were selected for the review from the retrieved papers. Manual search for list of references was also added. Mechanical complications are not unique to metal-acrylic resin HPs and have been documented with other metal-based implant-supported reconstructions and zirconia frameworks. Prosthetic complications including ceramic veneer chipping and framework failures have been reported with ceramic veneered zirconia complete arch frameworks. The design, fabrication method, material and misfit of implant-supported frameworks significantly influence the rate of prosthetic complications associated with full-arch HPs.

Implant dentistry is a widely utilized treatment approach for fully or partially edentulous patients. To enhance the success rates of dental implants, various surface modifications have been developed. This study aimed to compare clinical and radiographic parameters in patients with sandblasted acid-etched versus anodized surface dental implants. In this prospective clinical study, 78 patients who had undergone implant placement for missing single posterior tooth in mandible using sandblasted acid-etched and anodized surface dental implants during August 2019-December 2019 were enrolled according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and were categorized into Group 1: SLA (n = 27), Group 2: SLActive (n = 26), Group 3: TiUnite (n = 25) based on the surface modification of the implants. Peri-implant probing depth (PPD) and crestal bone loss (CBL) measurements were carried out at 3 months and 1-year intervals. For intergroup comparison, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc test were used. For intragroup comparison, paired t test was used. PPD and CBL in Group 3 implants was significantly higher than Groups 1 and 2 (P ≤ 0.05). On pairwise comparison, there was a statistically significant difference in PPD and CBL between the groups at baseline (P ≤ 0.05) and 1-year follow-up (P ≤ 0.05) except for Group 1 vs. Group 2 at 1-year follow-up (P > 0.05). Intragroup comparison of PPD and CBL showed that there was a statistically significant difference from baseline in all the three groups in terms of PPD (P ≤ 0.05) and CBL (P ≤ 0.05). Patients with anodized dental implants exhibited greater PPD and CBL compared with those with sandblasted acid-etched implants.

Midface fractures constitute a severe medical challenge due to their intricacy, incidence, and socioeconomic implications. The orbit and the maxillary sinus are the most prominent parts of the face and form the most common site of fracture. Reconstruction of these frequently observed fractures is necessary. The uses of polypropylene (prolene) mesh are numerous in general surgery, so its use and effects in the maxillofacial region can be explored. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of prolene mesh in treating defects in the midface due to trauma, especially the orbital floor and anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. This was an observational study of 15 patients with midface fractures who had undergone reconstruction with prolene mesh for orbital floor and anterior maxillary sinus wall defects. Data collected included gender, age, type of fracture, clinical parameters (e.g., postoperative tenderness at the surgical site, infraorbital paresthesia, diplopia, pus discharge, and extrusion of graft), and radiological assessment for sinus and/or orbital floor continuity and bone formation. Regular follow-ups were done at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months. Among the 15 patients studied, all were males with a mean age of 30 years. The clinical assessment revealed positive functional outcomes. Radiographic assessment with postoperative CT scans at 6 months showed sinus wall and/or orbital floor continuity and bone formation. The study concluded that, with proper case selection, prolene mesh is a safe and reliable option in the reconstruction of the anterior maxillary sinus wall and orbital floor.

This study aimed to evaluate the levels of alpha amylase in patients with healthy dental implants, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 75 implant sites, divided into three groups of 25: peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. Peri-implant crevicular fluid was collected from each selected implant site and analyzed for alpha amylase levels using an ELISA kit. The resulting alpha amylase concentrations were statistically compared between the groups. The mean concentration of alpha amylase was lowest in healthy sites (9.57 ± 1.59 ng/mL), compared with peri-implant mucositis (14.90 ± 2.62 ng/mL) and peri-implantitis (20.67 ± 4.55 ng/mL), with the differences being statistically significant (P = 0.00). Furthermore, multiple comparisons revealed a statistically significant distinction between the groups (P = 0.000). Elevated levels of alpha amylase in peri-implant disease sites, as opposed to healthy sites, suggest its potential as a predictive marker for peri-implant diseases.

This study evaluated whether drill shape and bone preparation influences the primary stability of the implant using resonance frequency analysis and insertion torque values. In this study, four most common, commercially available drill systems were used in this study. Bovine bone was chosen for the study. All the implants were chosen of the same dimension (3.5 mm ȕ 13 mm) to avoid bias and error. For convenience the study was divided into two parts. Part I of the study included performing osteotomy per manufacturer's instructions with a variability in the speed of the drilling at 300 rpm and 800 rpm, respectively. All the implants were placed at bone level, which was checked by taking radiographs. The primary stability of the implants of all the four different companies were measured using an ISQ machine (Penguin, Sweden). Part II of the study involved single drilling kit for the study. Sequential drilling protocol is selected for the second part of the study. All the four-implant system are placed using the same set of drill system. The implants are placed at 300 rpm. ISQ values are recorded using RFA machine (Penguin, Sweden) for each implant. IOPA was also recorded for the study. The results were subjected to analysis. The results of this study suggest that implant drill shape did not have any significant effect on the overall primary stability of the implant. However, in certain implants, due to their unique design, custom drilling kits might be more feasible to use.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders significantly impact orofacial health and quality of life, necessitating effective interventions. This study presents a comprehensive finite element analysis (FEA) focusing on the design and material modifications of temporomandibular joint implants, with the aim of improving their long-term stability and performance. Accurate mandible models extracted from Computational Tomography (CT) scans were used to create three variations of implants, each attached using varying screw configurations ranging from 2 to 5 for each analysis. The variations included implants without dimples, implants with 10% dimples, and implants with 20% dimples. The FEA considered material properties of Titanium and Ti-Nb-Zr alloy for the implants. The FEA results revealed that for 10% dimples models, equivalent stress was reduced by 6.25% with two screws fixation and further decreased by 14.28% with three screws, irrespective of the implant volume, reaffirming the significance of screw fixation. The model secured with three screws exhibited the least amount of stress for both titanium and zirconium alloys and dimple implants showed promise in reducing stress levels, particularly in low bone density conditions. These findings not only underscore the potential advantages of dimple implants in facilitating bone in growth and stability at the bone-implant interface but also highlight the pivotal role of implant dimples in modulating stress levels. The study contributes valuable insights for future advancements in TMJ implantology, offering potential optimizations for implant design and clinical outcomes.