Pemberian stimulan yang dilaksanakan pada TM karet bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kenaikan hasil lateks dan pengurangan tenaga sadap sehingga diperoleh tambahan keuntungan bagi perkebunan karet. Proses aplikasi stimulan memerlukan tiga hal pertimbangan, yaitu dosis, konsentrasi dan frekuensi pemberian. Selain itu, agar pemberian stimulan memberikan hasil optimal juga perlu diperhatikan terkait waktu aplikasi yang tepat dan kondisi kesehatan tanaman. Sistem penyadapan d4 dimungkinkan waktu aplikasi stimulan lebih singkat dibandingkan penyadapan d3 atau justru sebaliknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu aplikasi stimulan yang tepat dan interaksinya terhadap produksi tanaman karet klon BPM 24 khususnya pada penyadapan d4. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok, 1 faktor, yaitu waktu aplikasi stimulan meliputi 4 perlakuan, yaitu kontrol, T1 (15 jam sebelum disadap), T2 (20 jam sebelum disadap), T3 (40 jam sebelum disadap) dan T4 (45 jam sebelum disadap). Klon yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah BPM 24 TT 2000 dengan posisi panel sadap B0-2 (TBM terlambat dibuka sadap TBM 8) dengan Sistem sadap S/2 d4 ET2,5%.Ga.1.0 (2w) selama 6 bulan. Metode aplikasi stimulan yang digunakan adalah groove application (Ga) frekuensi 2 minggu sekali, konsentrasi 2,5% dan dosis sebanyak 1 gr/pohon/aplikasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa waktu optimal untuk mengaplikasikan stimulan pada penyadapan d4 adalah 45 jam sebelum disadap atau sama dengan panduan umum frekuensi penyadapan d3. Secara fisiologis aplikasi stimulan tersebut juga masih relatif aman terhadap kesehatan tanaman dan proses metabolisme tanaman.

Lahan gambut merupakan salah satu lahan yang tidak layak untuk tanaman karet, namun dengan pengelolaan yang baik, lahan gambut dapat digunakan untuk budidaya tanaman karet. Kendala budidaya tanaman karet di lahan gambut antara lain drainase yang kurang baik, tanaman mudah tumbang pada saat tanaman sudah menghasilkan, pH tanah sangat masam dan kandungan hara yang rendah. Saat ini belum banyak hasil penelitian tanaman karet di lahan gambut, sehingga hasil-hasil penelitian di lahan gambut sangat dibutuhkan untuk pengelolaan lahan gambut untuk budidaya tanaman karet. Pengamatan produksi taaman karet di lahan gambut dilakukan pada tanaman karet klon IRR 118 yang ditanam pada tahun 2013. Karakteristik lahan gambut pada lokasi penelitian antara lain: drainase lahan gambut baik, kematangan gambut sapris, kedalaman gambut 1,5-2 meter, pH sangat masam, ketersediaan hara N tinggi dan hara lainnya rendah sampai sangat rendah. Tanaman karet telah matang sadap pada akhir tahun 2018 dan pengamatan produksi dilakukan selama tiga tahun dari tahun 2019-2021. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan produksi selama tiga tahun tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tanaman karet klon IRR 118 produktivitas pada tahun pertama telah mencapai 965 kg/ha/tahun, tahun kedua mencapai 1.562 kg/ha/tahun dan tahun ketiga telah mencapai 2.043 kg/ha/tahun. Produksi tersebut sama dengan produktivitas klon quick stater di lahan mineral pada iklim yang sama.

Pendapatan rumah tangga petani karet saat ini sedang menurun. Hal ini berdampak pada rendahnya daya beli, kemampuan menabung, pembentukan modal usaha tani, tingkat kesehatan dan pendidikan keluarga petani karet. Petani memerlukan pendapatan yang relatif stabil sepanjang siklus penanaman karet. Petani saat ini dapat menanam tanaman sela diantara tanaman karet. Tanaman kopi (Coffea canephora) dapat menjadi opsi tanaman sela diantara tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis). Penanaman tanaman sela perlu mempertimbangkan faktor kompetisi antar komoditi sehingga diperlukan penyesuaian jarak tanam. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah jarak tanam ganda (JG) 19 m + (4 m x 2 m) dengan populasi karet 435 pohon/ha. Kopi ditanam diantara jarak tanam lebar dengan jarak tanam 2 m x 2 m dan jarak antara tanaman kopi dan karet adalah 5 m. Kajian ini ditulis dengan metode studi pustaka dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder dari buku, jurnal dan penelitian yang sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Hasil analisis pendapatan usaha tani tumpang sari tanaman karet dan kopi menunjukkan hasil positif. Pendapatan usaha tani karet monokultur sebesar Rp9.717.159,52 per tahun per hektar, sementara rata-rata pendapatan untuk usaha tani kopi sebagai tanaman sela sebesar Rp38.814.285 per tahun per hektar dan rata-rata penerimaan usaha tani karet dan kopi sistem JG sebesar Rp48.531.444. Nilai NPV sistem karet monokultur layak pada tingkat bunga investasi 5%, masing-masing sebesar Rp5,603,746,- untuk sistem jarak tunggal (JT) dan Rp2.819.424,- untuk sistem jarak ganda (JG).

Masyarakat lokal diketahui memiliki pengetahuan, pengalaman, dan ketrampilan yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan sumber daya alam yang diperoleh secara turun temurun, termasuk masyarakat Jawa di lereng Gunung Slamet. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkapkan cara pengelolaan lanskap berdasarkan kearifan masyarakat dan menganalisis struktur komunitas di setiap satuan lanskap. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa (1) Ragatunjung, (2) Cipetung, dan (2) Pandansari, Kecamatan Paguyangan, Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara semi terstruktur, dan analisis vegetasi. Wawancara semi terstruktur dilakukan kepada 8 informan kunci dan 83 responsden yang ditentukan secara purposive sampling dan snowball sampling terkait pengelolaan satuan lanskap yang selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pengelolaan satuan lanskap menerapkan sistem agroforestri untuk lahan kering dan terasering untuk lahan basah serta menerapkan pola penanaman tumpang sari. Pola pengelolaan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat terbukti memiliki nilai konservasi yaitu, sistem agroforestri, sistem terasering, pembuatan teras bangku, pembuatan bedengan, dan pemanfaatan sisa tanaman sebagai mulsa.

Rancakalong District is one of the sub-districts in Sumedang Regency which has various tourist attractions, there as nature tourism, cultural tourism, special food, tourist villages, and even Sumedang Typical Batik. The Regional Government has established Rancakalong District as a center for natural and cultural tourism destinations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential of Rancakalong Tourism as a tourist destination. The analytical method is descriptive qualitative by using a 4 (four) A approach, namely attractions, accessibility, amenities, and ancillary. By using certain criteria, each component is assessed based on 4 (four) classifications, namely low, medium, high, and very high. The results of the analysis show that the Potential of the Rancakalong District Tourism Area is classified as medium tends to be high

Infection with Ganoderma sp. results in pseudoschlerotium, a distinctive feature of oil palm tissue trunks. The goal of this study was to study the microbial communities in Ganoderma sp. colonized oil palm trunk tissue. Endophytic bacteria are isolated from oil palm trunk tissue using selective media such as Ashby, Pikovskaya, King’s B, and a half-NA media to isolate N2 fixing bacteria, P solubilizing bacteria, Pseudomonas sp., and endophytic microbes, respectively. To prepare the sample, two methods were tested: 1) sterilizing the surface of the sample and then directly planting the stem tissue in a medium, and 2) sterilizing the surface of the tissue, crushing the tissue with a sterilizer mortar, and centrifuge for further seeding the supernatant in the selected medium. The first procedure was found to be effective in isolating N2-fixing bacteria from the top, middle, and bottom of the stem. We also recovered P solubilizing bacterium, which was yellow in colour and only located in the centre part of the stem, whereas the Pseudomonas sp. isolate was white in colour and found throughout the stem except at the bottom in the left side of the pseudosclerotium. We were able to isolate endophytic bacteria with a white hue using a half-NA medium. Method 2 did not succeed in isolating Azotobacter sp., but it can still isolate P solubilizing, Pseudomonas sp., and endophytic bacteria in all sections of the stem. The number of bacteria successfully isolated using the culture approach was low, particularly in the pseudosclerotium area. However, the larger quantity of Pseudomonas bacteria found in infected Ganoderma sp. tissue should be investigated further to establish the role of these bacteria, particularly in plant defence against Ganoderma sp.

Tea plantation biomass wastes, such as tea plantation pruning, shade trees, and woody weeds have not been utilized. The waste can be used as renewable energy in the form of wood pellets. The problem is the feasibility of biomass waste to be used as material for making wood pellets as energy. This paper aims to analyze the potential of tea plantation biomass waste as wood pellet material to meet energy needs. The research was conducted in a tea plantation owned by the Tea and Kina Research Center (PPTK). Quantification of biomass waste potential per unit area was conducted in the plantation using direct measurement method. Proximate analysis of each wood pellet variant of biomass waste was conducted to match the quality of Indonesian Wood Pellet Standard. The biomass waste potential in PPTK is 14,281 tons per year which can produce 8,186 tons of wood pellets per year. This potential can meet the needs of wood pellet consumption from the tea production process at PPTK which is around 1.8 tons / day for the tea processing process of 13 tons/day. Based on proximate analysis, the wood pellets produced have a calorific value of 4425 cal/gram, density of 1.35 grams/cm3, fixed carbon content of 85.2%, and volatile matter of 3.72%. These results confirm that the wood pellets comply with the National Wood Pellet Standard (SNI 8021:2014). This can be a model for the application of the Green Circular Economy concept in the plantation sector. Keywords: Biomass pellets; Green circular economy; Renewable energy; Tea plantation waste; Wood pellets

The Sosoh song is played during the Tabuik ceremony. Its purpose is to facilitate the battle in the ritual which aims to represent the war experienced by Husein in Karbala, Iraq. The aim of this research is to explore the relationship between the performance of the Sosoh song and the ecological system in Minangkabau culture. This study uses ethnographic methods with primary sources of data being field notes, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study show that the Sosoh song is not only related to the ritual context but also to Minangkabau culture as a whole. This is demonstrated by the reciprocal relationship between the song and cultural construction. It can be seen that the Sosoh song is an actualization of how the concept of resilience in maintaining sovereignty in a nagari within the cultural context is embodied in warfare during the ceremony. In conclusion, the Sosoh song has a significant role in Minangkabau culture and is not just limited to the context of the Tabuik ceremony. The research findings can help to raise awareness and appreciation of the cultural heritage of Minangkabau, and could potentially be used to promote the preservation and development of this unique culture.

The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency of incidental writing learning that occurred while using Instagram in an informal setting. The respondents were the secondary vocational school’s students in Padang, Grade 11. The researchers employed a cluster random sampling technique to pick 52 students. The descriptive method was used to design this study. A questionnaire was used to obtain the data. The questionnaire was quite reliable, with a coefficient correlation of 0.87. Expert judgment was used to determine content validity. According to the findings of this study, 73% of respondents experienced incidental writing learning when using Instagram in informal contexts. Based on the findings, it was possible to figure out that the frequency of incidental learning writing in Instagram was classified as sometimes scale.
 Keywords: social media, incidental writing, informal context