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Tacit Knowledge Transfer and Sharing: Characteristics and Benefits of Tacit & Explicit Knowledge

Knowledge is generally divided into two: Explicit (articulate) and Tacit. This article thus, explores the concept of tacit knowledge and the role that it plays in learning institutions and business organizations.  Evidently, tacit knowledge is linked to knowledge management and as such, the world should utilize it for resilience-building and sustainable development.  Notably, due to its complex nature, acquiring and extracting tacit knowledge is not easy as it is an unspoken, unwritten and hidden in people and ultimately leads to the well-being and success of individuals in society. Accordingly, tacit knowledge is very personalised, contextual and hard to communicate or transfer from one person to another by the process of verbal expression or writing and is generally made up of values, perceptions and beliefs.  It is obtainable and transferrable through direct interaction amongst individuals and their environments. This paper, thus, explores tacit knowledge and assesses its role and significance in the advancement, enhancement and sustenance of learning and performances in business organisations and learning institutions.  Accordingly, approximately 90% of the total knowledge in an organization is held in tacit form, ultimately, impacting the overall output and effectiveness of institutions and organizations.

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THE DETERMINANTS OF E-BUDGETING IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the factors that influence the implementation of E-Budgeting in Indonesia. Furthermore, the research highlights the significance of modernization in the management of public budgets and the government's endeavors to enhance efficiency and transparency by adopting E-Budgeting. The primary goal is to ascertain the pivotal factors that impact the effective execution of this system.   The employed approach is Systematic Literature Review, which consolidates findings from diverse reputable sources. The research findings and analysis indicate that the factors influencing the implementation of E-Budgeting encompass a range of technical, political, social, and cultural determinants. The primary factors that influence implementation are resources, political backing, inter-agency coordination, and adherence to regulations. Furthermore, organizational culture, institutional capacity, stakeholder participation, and ongoing evaluation also exert significant influence. Implementing E-Budgeting has the effect of enhancing efficiency, transparency, and accountability in the management of public budgets. The research concludes that the adoption of E-Budgeting in Indonesia represents a favorable stride towards enhanced efficiency and transparency in budget administration. However, in order to attain complete success, it is imperative to give significant consideration to the determinant factors that have been mentioned. Implementing E-Budgeting in Indonesia can yield significant advantages in promoting sustainable economic growth and enhancing governance by effectively addressing these challenges.

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ANALYSIS OF COMPARISON OF BANKRUPTCY PREDICTION ABILITY BETWEEN ALTMAN Z-SCORE ANALYSIS AND ZMIJEWSKI X-SCORE ANALYSIS IN FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE 2017-2021 PERIOD

This study aims to determine the comparative analysis of bankruptcy predictive ability between the Altman z-score and Zmijewski x-score analyses of financial services companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period. This study uses secondary data in the form of financial statements of each financial service company, where the sample used in this study is 41 financial service companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis method used is the Altman z-score and Zmijewski x-score models with the help of Microsoft Excel 2019 software. The results of the study reveal that (1) from the results of the Altman Z-Score, it is obtained that as many as 19 companies are predicted to experience bankruptcy within five years of the study period, while 6 financial services companies are predicted not to go bankrupt during the five years of the study period. (2) Zmijewski's analysis shows that 3 financial service companies are predicted to go bankrupt during the five-year study period, and 29 financial service companies are predicted not to go bankrupt during the five-year study period. (3) The results of calculating the level of accuracy found that the Altman Z-Score model is the best in predicting the bankruptcy of financial services companies with an accuracy rate of 68.78%, while the Zmijewski model only obtains an accuracy rate of 16.09%.

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ANALYSIS OF ZAKAT ACCOUNTING TREATMENT BASED ON PSAK NO.109 IN MEASURING TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN ZAKAT AML INSTITUTIONS YATIM MANDIRI MEDAN

This research aims to analyze the zakat accounting treatment implemented by the Amil Zakat Yatim Mandiri Medan Institute and whether it is in accordance with PSAK No.109. Apart from that, the aim of this research is to analyze transparency and accountability in the presentation of financial reports implemented by the Amil Zakat Yatim Mandiri Medan Institute. The research method used is a qualitative method with descriptive analysis using primary data taken from financial report data and the interview method. The results of the research concluded that the Amil Zakat Yatim Mandiri Medan Institution in its zakat accounting treatment was in accordance with PSAK No.109 whichseen from the financial position report data which separates zakat, infaq/alms funds and non-zakat, infaq/alms funds in the financial position report. The accountability measurements carried out by the Amil Zakat Yatim Mandiri Medan Institution in presenting and distributing financial reports are in accordance with the performance indicators of the Medan Amil Zakat Yatim Mandiri Institution in distributing funds, as well as indicators of financial reports that have been published and carried out independent audits. The Yatim Mandiri Medan Amil Zakat Institution is still not transparent in submitting financial reports, seeing that only reports on changes in funds are submitted on the official Yatim Mandiri website and magazines every month and carry out their programs very openly and transparently by placing all activities that have been carried out on the official Yatim website. Mandiri and released a magazine entitled Yatim Mandiri Inspiration for Care.

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