Since inception, large parts of the broadcasters' industry have envisioned 5G as the new era in which Uplink (UL) live video quality transmission over a single cellular modem is possible. Even more so, at a very low latency. 5G, mainly StandAlone (SA) but also Non-SA (NSA) architectures, both Non-Public-Network (NPN) and commercial public network, was hailed as the solution enabling TV and media newsgathering, sports coverage and similar live events with a simple single off-the-shelf 5G modem. Results of this paper, which are based on real testbeds, shed light on potential weaknesses in the effort of delivering a reliable professional live UL video transmission in field production utilizing a single 5G modem. On the other hand, the tested bonding technique that uses multiple 5G modems for UL video transmission, enhances the 5G Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) rather than exhausting each of them. Bonding technique is a key enabler for live news and live sports productions, resulting not only in increased UL rate, but also in stability and reliability as shown in this work. Several additional insights are touched upon in this work, about the benefit in Time Division Duplexing (TDD) UL pattern, 5G SA UL when bonded with its 4G network and more.

The main traffic type, volume-wise, delivered by modern communication networks is Media traffic. The coming of fifth generation (5G) deeply influences streaming quality for end-users. Thorough experimentation is required to examine and estimate the potential of 5G and to pinpoint any limitations for the specific vertical. Hence, related 5G enabled Media use cases (UCs) play a major role in identifying and addressing these needs. This work presents some exemplary UCs of the Media vertical, along with their stringent requirements, their deployment on a 5G network slice, as well as initial testing and 5G Key Performance Indicator measurements achieved. Important conclusions are drawn for the onboarding of such an essential vertical on 5G networks.

In this paper, a detailed overview of the H2020 European 5G-RECORDS project Use Case 2 (UC2) is presented. Currently, the project is in its 20 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> month of 26 and it is in the final stages of integration, tests and trials. The project devised three use cases focused around exploring 5G technologies for content production scenarios. Use Case 2 is “Multiple Camera Wireless Studio” and has two main objectives: exploring how 5G can help create an IP studio environment in which wired and wireless equipment can be used for media content production; and how 5G can help for remote contribution scenarios. The paper outlines the envisioned scenarios, describes the components of the use case (a detailed description of two of the components is given: the Media Gateway and the Media Orchestration and Control Gateway), the results obtained via a series of tests performed to demonstrate the validity of multiple production scenarios are presented and finally work remaining, expected outcomes and future beyond the project are discussed.

Optimal incubation protocol plays an important role in increasing incubator efficiency. The incubation program includes changes and adjustments of environmental variables such as temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide level (CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ), corresponding to the type of the egg. Embryo development stages can be identified according to measured characteristics, such as photo-plethysmography (PPG) and transmitted light intensity through the eggshell. Monitoring the development of poultry embryos during the incubation process can improve an optimal incubator protocol. In this article, we present an analysis of PPG signals and candling light intensity for monitoring embryonic development during the incubation process.

Abstract Introduction The treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) with antibiotics is causing concern as patients are often prescribed an inappropriate course of antibiotics, and the recurrence rate remains at 30–44% following treatment (1). Overprescription of antibiotics can also cause antimicrobial resistance. Given the current lack of adequate clinical guidelines for RUTI treatment, it is necessary for this population to adjust to living with a chronic condition, and research suggests that RUTI may be associated with poor mental health and a lower quality of life. Thus, there is a need for a more interdisciplinary approach to understanding RUTI, to inform additional treatment options. Aim The current study aimed to use the Working Model of Adjustment to Chronic Illness (WMACI) (see Figure 1) to explore the personal, physical and social burden of RUTI (2). Methods A cross-sectional survey was employed, which was informed by existing questionnaires and reviewed by experts including pain specialists (n = 6). 5,078 participants accessed liveutifree.com to seek information regarding their condition and completed the Live UTI Free survey. Participants provided information on their experiences with RUTI (recurrence rate, symptoms, pain intensity, triggers and comorbidity) and the associated burden. Binomial logistic regressions were conducted to assess the effect of RUTI characteristics on the likelihood of experiencing personal, physical and social burden. Results RUTI predicted greater likelihood of personal burden (enjoyment of life; enjoyment of favourite activities; mental health) (R² = 18.8 – 20.8, p = &amp;lt;.001), physical burden (sleep; activities of daily living; maintaining a healthy lifestyle; sexual behaviour) (R² = 21.1 – 35.9, p = &amp;lt;.001), and social burden (normal work; finances; relationships with friends and family; relationships with partners) (R² = 17.0 - 25.8, p = &amp;lt;.001), with the burden associated with sexual behaviour showing the largest amount of variance. Rate of recurrence, symptom burden, pain intensity, and having an additional diagnosis of Interstitial Cystitis (IC) were most predictive of participant burden. Conclusion RUTI was associated with all areas of burden. Some factors, including pain intensity and having an additional diagnosis of IC, affected a majority of areas. Predicted burden from having an additional diagnosis of IC may be a result of lack of clarity between the two diagnoses, which have shared symptom indicators and rely on urine culture testing, which has been demonstrated to be inaccurate. Misdiagnosis, or a dual diagnosis, may consequently contribute to burden. The WMACI was used to suggest how burden can lead to poor illness adjustment. Limitations of the study were that it did not explore the possibility of misdiagnosis and its impact, or investigate the effects of SES and country-level differences. However, the findings of the study have important clinical implications, as patients worldwide who are suffering with RUTI are required to manage significant burden that is associated with the condition, and this is an important issue which needs to be addressed in primary care settings. An interdisciplinary approach in primary care settings is recommended, which acknowledges the psychosocial burden that persists when treatment fails to resolve physical symptoms.

5G mobile networks are designed to fulfill very stringent requirements and support new vertical use cases. This transition to a vertical oriented delivery model will have a strong impact in the touristic sector. In this context, the “touristic city node” of 5G-TOURS, built in the city of Turin, aims at exploiting the potential of the media vertical. The objective is to develop an innovative tourism concept based on complementary and linked trials for five specific use cases. The trials will promote an overall integrated indoor/outdoor immersive experience to the visitors using any possible device, enhancing the accessibility to the technology, especially for disadvantaged and disabled people. They will also utilize 5G to drive “remote tourism” based on augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR) experiences and bridge the gap between the physical and virtual worlds for tourism. This paper provides an overview of the 5G technology deployed in the touristic node, explaining the different services to be provided and discussing the need of 5G technology to support this vision. This work also assesses the business potential of each of the considered use cases, corroborating their potential in the context of future network services.

The European Commission requires all European Union (EU) Member States to use telecommunications networks to alert the population of an ongoing crisis or an upcoming threat by June 2022. Public Warning System in Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G System currently supports a text-based warning using Cell Broadcast technology. Cell Broadcast does not support multimedia warning message delivery. This paper analyses requirements that need to be fulfilled to support multimedia warning message delivery in the 5G System and describes trials of a broadcast multimedia public warning alert system. The trials demonstrate delivery of multimedia public warning messages using Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS), dynamic spectrum management and bonded connections. By using eMBMS the public warning messages can be sent with additional robustness and in multicast mode, resulting also in less congestion to the network as the messages do not need to be sent separately to each user. Dynamic spectrum management system allows to dynamically obtain spectrum resources for the public warning system messages and the bonded connections improves the throughput and reliability of the delivery by combining the capacity of several different networks.