Abstract This study evaluated the accuracy of newer formulas (Barrett Universal II, EVO 2.0, Kane, Hoffer QST, and PEARL-DGS) and the Haigis formula in Asian patients with the Alcon TFNT multifocal intraocular lens. In total, 3,100 randomly selected eyes of 3,100 patients were retrospectively reviewed. After constant optimization, the standard deviation (SD) of the prediction error was assessed for the entire group, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was compared for short and long axial length (AL) subgroup analysis. The Cooke-modified AL (CMAL) was experimentally applied to the Haigis formula. All the newer formulas performed well, but they did not significantly outperform the Haigis formula. In addition, all the newer formulas exhibited clinically significant myopic outcomes in long eyes. Application of the CMAL to the Haigis formula with single constant optimization produced similar behavior and higher correlation with the newer formulas. The CMAL-applied triple-optimized Haigis formula yielded a smaller SD than the newer formulas. The AL modification algorithms such as the CMAL used in newer formulas to cope with optical biometry's overestimation of the AL in long eyes seemed to overcompensate, particularly in the long eyes of the Asian population.

Human immune system function can be enhanced with immunomodulators. One of the natural ingredients that have these properties is propolis. The use of propolis as an immunomodulator has not been widely used. This article aims to examine the potential of propolis as an immunomodulator. The method used is a literature review of research articles according to the theme and comes from the PubMed database, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The article search strategy used the keywords flavonoid, immunomodulator, propolis, and the immune system. Propolis or bee glue is a resinous substance collected by honey bees from plant sources. The type of bee, the kind of plant habitat, the season, and geography will distinguish the chemical compounds of propolis. Propolis contains very high flavonoids as well as minerals, vitamins, and enzymes. Propolis from Indonesia has better flavonoid content than propolis from other countries. Flavonoids and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) are the main ingredients that have the potential as immunomodulators in propolis. Propolis can be an immunomodulator because it can stimulate the phagocytosis process by macrophages, reduce the production of TNF- cytokines and inhibit complement. Propolis also increases the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells and stimulates antibody production.

Abstract Weight is an important property of an object which is used to manipulate an object efficiently. Approximating weight of an object is the key area which involves many scientific calculations. However, manual calculations involve many overheads and are not reliable. Recently some computerised techniques are used but they require huge input based on assumptions. Weight estimation of Shaped Object using Image processing Techniques is a prominent solution which targets this problem. Image processing reduces this burden and can be used effectively. Initially, the shape of the object is identified by capturing the image and applying boundary detection and pattern matching. Two methodologies are implemented in classification of images, classical Pattern Matching Technique and Convolutional neural network Then by accepting the dimensions of the object and the predefined values for density of materials the weight estimation can be carried out. This paper briefly discusses the various weight estimation techniques for different shapes such as Cylinders, Cubes and Cones which is efficiently calculated after detection. This problem can be successfully applied for weight estimation of various steel castings used in automobile and oil refinery industries. Based on weight, liquid metal will be melted in furnaces for pouring into moulds.

Objective:To define the symptomatology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and associations between occupation, sociodemographic factors, and comorbidities with the severity of COVID-19 disease in pregnancy in all trimesters, regardless of hospitalization.Methods:We studied a retrospective cohort of a public health surveillance sample of persons with COVID-19 infection diagnosed during pregnancy. Data was collected March 2020 to August 2020 regarding symptoms, disease severity, comorbidities, obstetric history, and occupation.Results:One hundred sixty-three individuals were identified. Constitutional (64%) and lower respiratory symptoms (61%) were most common. Seventeen individuals (13.6%) were hospitalized, and one person (0.7%) died due to COVID-19. Risk factors for severe disease were age and an occupation that had high intensity exposure to people.Conclusions:Occupational exposure is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease in pregnancy, justifying policy measures to ensure protection of this vulnerable population.

Simulation is a well-studied teaching tool for multidisciplinary teamwork, crisis resource management, and communication skills. These attributes are essential for successful international medical missions, which include healthcare providers with different familiarities with the outreach environment and each team member's role. However, immersive simulation remains underused in similar settings. Our team designed a simulation-based curriculum that focuses on multidisciplinary teamwork and crisis resource management skills. In this commentary, we describe its implementation during high-risk cleft care outreach missions conducted by the Global Smile Foundation. We discuss the importance of a simple, feasible, and flexible platform to successfully overcome the limitations of time and resources inherent to outreach mission work while addressing the clinical and geographic needs specific to each site. We highlight challenges, including unpredictability of the outreach environment, a language barrier, and the short duration of missions. Finally, we offer a roadmap for groups involved in similar global health efforts.

This research has focused on the generation of an economic, efficient and safe technology that allows adequate control of inlet flow and recirculation as well as factors associated with water quality. It is hoped that medium-sized aquaculture companies interested in providing fry for tropical fish farming can replicate this prototype. The design was based on the use of locally available components, considering recycled containers for mechanical and biological filters manufacture. Two recirculation lines were implemented: i) maintenance of aquatic organisms (MAO); ii) tropical fish hatching coupling (TFHC). In both cases, operating tests were performed with electric and solar heaters. The requirements for oxygenation, evacuation and separation of biosolids, excretion products biofiltration, CO2 degassing and fish metabolites, pathogens control, temperature maintenance and variables measurement were adapted and solved. Results show that the recirculation systems provide handling conditions with temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH stability, while nitrogen was safely removal in quantities and forms. As environmental adaptation for artificial hormonal induction treatments, there is a significant temperature increase, which is stable with the solar heating adaptations; oxygen remains in saturation concentration; and the biofilter systems remains below concentrations that could affect organisms in the recirculation systems removed NO2 and NO3 organic load. The recirculation flow rate is regulated in the MAO at approximately 10 l/min, a replacement rate of 120% per hour; while in the TFHC a flow rate of 7 l/min per incubator was used, i.e. 14 L/min in the system, which implies a replacement of 280% in the incubators and 170% in the maintenance tanks.

Core Ideas Preemergence herbicides may increase grow‐in time for hybrid bermudagrass sprigs. Preemergence herbicide treatments did not reduce sod tensile strength. Preemergence herbicides are viable options for weed control during establishment. Preemergence herbicides often negatively affect establishment of sprigged hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy). However, limited research has quantified the effects of preemergence herbicides on establishment and tensile strength of warm‐season turfgrass species commonly grown as sod in the southeastern United States. Field research was conducted at Mississippi State University in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the effects of atrazine, atrazine + S‐metolachlor, dithiopyr, flumioxazin, indaziflam, liquid‐ and granular‐applied oxadiazon, S‐metolachlor, pendimethalin, prodiamine, and simazine on grow‐in time and tensile strength of newly sprigged ‘Latitude 36’ hybrid bermudagrass. Plots (4.65 m2) were sprigged at a rate of 44 m3 ha−1 (468 US bushels ac−1), and preemergence herbicide treatments were applied at the recommended labeled rates 1 d after planting. Dithiopyr, flumioxazin, S‐metolachlor, and indaziflam increased days to reach 50% hybrid bermudagrass cover in both 2016 and 2017. Normalized difference vegetative index and relative chlorophyll index were similarly affected. No herbicide treatments reduced sod tensile strength in either year; however, prodiamine, pendimethalin, dithiopyr, flumioxazin, and S‐metolachlor unexpectedly increased sod tensile strength in 2017.

ABSTRACTEvents such as curriculum changes or practice effects can lead to item parameter drift (IPD) in computer adaptive testing (CAT). The current investigation introduced a point- and weight-adjusted D2 method for IPD detection for use in a CAT environment when items are suspected of drifting across test administrations. Type I error and power rates of the proposed method were compared to a more traditional, non-adjusted D2 method and two recently suggested methods for use in a CAT environment: pseudo-count robust z and pseudo-count D2 methods. Though all CAT-adjusted IPD detection methods compared resulted in high power, the pseudo-count D2 method was found to have the highest power rates, with the proposed D2 method a close second. All four methods were found to have acceptable type I error rates.

The art of Terbangan music in Lahat district is a cultural product derived from the customs of Semende people who migrated to the district of Lahat South Sumatra. With regard to this, the purpose of this study is to examine the issue of the form of the music of Terbangan and the axiological values ​​in it. This research uses an interdisciplinary approach involving the disciplines of musicology and philosophy. Science of Musicology is used to analyze the elements and forms of music on the art of flying. The discipline of philosophy is used to analyze the values ​​contained in the Art of Music Terbangan. Sources of data in this study using a qualitative source consisting of primary and secondary sources with techniques perngumpulan observation data, interviews and document studies. Data validation technique used by source triangulation while data analysis technique is done by reducing data, presenting data, and verifying data. In this verification process, conclusions are drawn with interpretations that use emic point references (field opinion sources) and ethical perspectives based on the theoretical concepts used. Based on the results of research shows things as follows the first form of musical structure among other elements, motives, clauses, sentences or periods that exist in the art of music Terbangan. The two human values ​​in the art of Terbangan which are part of man are holiness, goodness, truth and beauty.

Topramezone is a broad‐spectrum selective herbicide currently labeled for postemergence weed control in turfgrass. Little is known about its residual effects on sprigged establishment of hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy). Research was conducted at the Mississippi State University Turfgrass Research Center on the R.R. Foil Plant Science Farm near Starkville, MS, during summer 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the effects of topramezone (0.049 kg a.i. ha−1) and prodiamine (0.84 kg ha−1) on hybrid bermudagrass (52 m3 ha−1) sprigged directly after herbicide application as well as 1, 2, and 4 wk after application (WAA). Percentage visual estimates of hybrid bermudagrass cover and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) were assessed 12 WAA. Visual cover was compared with nontreated plots sprigged on the same date. Regression estimates were calculated for visual hybrid bermudagrass cover and NDVI to demonstrate the effects of sprigging date after herbicide application. Topramezone did not reduce visual estimates of cover or NDVI when hybrid bermudagrass was sprigged directly after herbicide application in either year. Prodiamine did not reduce hybrid bermudagrass cover compared with the nontreated during 2014 but reduced hybrid bermudagrass cover at all sprigging dates except 1 WAA during 2015. Results suggest that topramezone is relatively safe to use for site preparation before sprigging hybrid bermudagrass at any time interval. Future research may assess topramezone in combination with other pre‐emergence herbicides for effective and economically viable alternatives to existing selective and nonselective herbicide applications within sprigged hybrid bermudagrass establishment.