Voice is said to be unique for every individual and can be used for the identification. Significant intravariation in Speech samples can be seen with the changes in the physical and mental conditions. Analysisof disguised voice samples is challenging to the Forensic Speaker Identification Expert. Changes inthe voice samples can be done by physical constriction and also with the technologicalinterventions.Speech processing softwares which are freely available and can be used to change voice samples.These softwares add some background variations along with the alterin the frequency distribution inthe voice. This paper focuses on the examination of the voice samples which are processed by a freelyavailable android application which changes the female voice samples to that of male. The examinationwas done on the OT- Expert 6.0. The Examination of the voices was done by the Aural-Acousticsmethod. For the examination of the voice samples on acoustics parameters such as fundamentalfrequency(F0) and Formant Frequencies (F1, F2, F3, F4) for 5 vowels compared with their controlrecordings showed prominent and noteworthy differences. Aural examination parameters such asrelative pauses, background variations, and linguistic features such as delivery of speech, specificpronunciations for words remained similar.Some specific formant frequencies for 5 vowels combinedwith auditory parameters especially the degradation of background of the audio for suspecting a caseof electronically disguised voice and then compared it with a possible list of suspects for speakeridentification. Therefore, based on some specific aural-acoustics features electronically disguisedvoices can be identified amongst the suspected voice samples.

Poison is any substance which when administered, inhaled or ingested is capable of causing deleterious effects on the human body. This prospective study was carried out involving 353 cases of poisoning admitted in Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute Porur, Chennai, during the period of June 2014- June 2015. The demographic details were acquired from the patient, relatives, friends or the investigating officer and by going through the medical records and the inquest report. In the current study the maximum cases were in the age group of 20-29 years and the incidence decreased as the age increases and it was evident that the incidence of poisoning is more in case of females when compared to males. The material of maximum abuse was T.Alprazolam (10.8%), followed by Rat Killer poison (9.6%), and followed by Snake Strike (8.8%), Organo Phosphorus Poisoning (8.5%), and Multiple Tablet Overdose (8.2%). 78% consumed poison intentionally and are suicidal in nature, as no cases of homicidal poisoning were reported in the study group, rest of the 22% of cases, were of accidental in nature. Mortality wise analysis showed that dead cases count 13 in number which accounts to 3.5% of all poisoning cases.

A burn is an injury which is caused by application of heat or chemical substances to the external or internal surfaces of the body, which causes destruction of the tissues. The magnitude of deaths due to burns is so large in our country that India is the only country in the world where fire is classified among the fifteen leading causes of death. The purpose of this study is to analyze profile of burn deaths in the Pune region of Maharashtra. In the present study among the 1710 burn deaths, females (70%) are more commonly affected than males (30%). Young adults (21–40 yrs) are commonly involved in fatal burns as this is most active group of population. In present study majority cases happened in summer season and were accidental in nature while suicidal deaths were present in significant number. Flame burns comprised of 80% of the cases followed by scald 13%. In 78% of cases more than 50 % of total body surface area was involved while complications like Septicemia (66%) was commonest cause of death.

Background: even if specific mechanisms are not completely understood, several studies highlighted SevereAcute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ability to alter vascular homeostasis. In theliterature, multiple reports of microscopic pulmonary findings of vascular structures in patients deceased byor with SARS-Cov-2 infection are available. Nevertheless, the scientific literature lacks a systematic analysisof these findings. Methods: the authors realized a systematic review of the literature in order to identifycommon microscopic patterns representative of pulmonary vascular damage: useful data for pathologists inclinical and forensic settings. The research yielded 23 articles (79 total cases). Quali/quantitative analysiswas carried out. Conclusion: the review allowed to identify vascular thrombosis (especially in lesser calibervessels) as common microscopic pattern. The recurrence of this pattern was confirmed by scientific literaturedata which demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 ability to interfere with coagulation cascade. Other meaningfulmicroscopic findings were also discussed, even if their low frequency in study population did not allow todefine them as common.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an inflammation that occurs in oral mucosa. Etiology of RAS maybe caused by several factors involving systemic conditions, local, microbes (Candida albicans), moniliasis,hygiene and genetics. Several studies has shown that pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel serves toinhibit Candida albicans, antibacterial Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus mutans, Escherichia coli andantifungal Aspergillus niger, which is common microorganisms involved in dental and oral problems. Thisstudy aims to formulate a pomegranate peel extracts (PPE) mucoadhesive patch and test its effectiveness inhealing sores. PPE obtained from the maceration method. Polyvinylpyrrolidone patch formulations, chitosanand Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) using a ratio of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 weight/volume. Patch testedhis physical characteristics, including weight uniformity, uniformity of dimension, thickness, surface pH,swelling and adhesion test, and in vivo test. The F8 formulation of PPE 10% with the addition of HPMC,tween, and glycerin have a fairly elastic properties. Even though experiment of physical evaluation produceuniformity of same weights and dimensions, pH 6.63, an average of swelling percentage 40.69% ± 16.37%and an average of stickness 13.50 ± 11.6 seconds. In vivo test show that formulation of PPE 10% has thesame effectivity in reducing the diameter of the mouth ulcers with the positive control group.

Objective: Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders worldwide (4-7% of population).Excision of all thyroid lesions is impractical. For rapid diagnosis, Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)is simple, safe, rapid diagnostic procedure. However, indeterminate cases were reported occasionally wherethe patient cannot be confidently assigned to a manageable category.Aim: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC inthyroid lesions and the correlation between cytological and histopathological diagnosis.Method: A literature search of published studies was conducted using Medline/PubMed, reasearchgate,Scielo (scientific electronic library online), and Google Scholar as international databases, and IVSL (IraqiVirtual Science Library) and IASJ (Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals) as national databases.Results: A total of 24 studies are analyzed. The median sample size of the studies included was 100 (range,(20?23)5). The sensitivity and specificity ranged from 0.38 to 0.98 (pooled sensitivity: 0.81; 95% confidenceinterval (CI), 0.78?0.83) and from 0.47 to 1.00 (pooled specificity: 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92?0.94), respectively.By SROC curve, the Q-value was 0.883 and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.945, indicating a highlevel of overall accuracy.Conclusion: The recognized accuracy of FNAC in detecting thyroid cancers is applicable only to papillarycarcinoma and not to other malignancies. Moreover, FNAC should be considered as a screening rather thandiagnostic tool for follicular lesions. Thus, FNAC helps to orientate patient management rather than toprovide final definitive diagnosis.

Introduction: The emerging technologies made by day changing the techniques of teaching medicaleducation. The teaching technique has changed since the last decade from the old traditional techniqueof chalk and talk (CNT) to a newer technique of Power-point presentation (PPT) to the video classroomsconverting the whole traditional environment of the classrooms. This paper aims to access the perception ofthe medical students about these two instructional method.Materials and Method: In this study cross-sectional descriptive survey was used. Medical students wereselected through non-probability convenient sampling. The data were collected using a questionnaire-basedsurvey about their views and perception of two method of lecture delivery, viz., PPT presentation, and usinga chalkboard. For each of the two method, the students were asked to rank twelve comments on a four-pointscale: strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16and the results expressed as proportions.Results: In our study where more than 97% of our study respondents emphasized the value of chalk andtalk and declared it as the more effective and useful teaching tool in their learning experience compared toPowerPoint (86%) and recommended it for teaching.Conclusion: Both CNT, as well as PPT, are the effective method for medical education and both can be usedin combination for the effective delivery of classroom sessions.

Background: Street traffic accidents were a main community healthiness problematic particularly in lowand middle-income countries, head injuries were found to be the most common injuries. Objectives: toidentify the relationship of road traffic injuries with different associated factors.Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted on 500 Road Traffic Accidents victims admitted tothe emergency unit at Al-Sader Teaching General Hospital in Al Najaf Holy province- Iraq. Data collectionwas done using a pretested questionnaire. A medical team including neurosurgeon, medical, and orthopedicsto identify the types (pattern) of cranio-cerebral injuries evaluated outcomes of the injury cases.Results: Most of the victims are males in their productive age, motorcycle is the most common cause ofaccidents, head injuries constituted the highest proportion (39.6%), the mortality rate was (13.6%), andunhealthy behaviors during driving were dominated.Conclusion: Cerebral contusions and skull fractures were the most common lesions among head injuriesand trauma brain injuries victims.

Various matters relating to persons with disabilities are often overlooked and often lead to discriminationagainst them in various fields of life. Likewise, in Indonesia there is often discrimination against personswith disabilities in various aspects of life, including in aviation. For this reason, it is very important toanalyze the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities in Indonesian aviation. The method used isa normative juridical method using a statute approach and conceptual approach to analyze secondary dataobtained through library research. The government as a duty bearer is fully responsible for ensuring goodand accessible service quality and providing facilities for persons with disabilities in flight. Likewise, airportand airline operators as air transport service providers should have SOPs of services that are in accordancewith Government policy in order to provide maximum and equal services for persons with disabilities, as aform of protection for the rights possessed by persons with disabilities.

Introduction: Forensic anthropometry dealing with the application of anthropometric measurements ofhuman individual for the purposes of the identification of human remains. Inter and intra population variationscan be observed in relation to anthropometric measurements due to factors such as genetic makeup, age,gender and ethnicity and help in the identification of individual in criminal investigations.Method: This is cross sectional study using young adult students of age group 17 to 24 years. Participantsenrolled after due consent and stature(S) and forearm length (FAL) were measured using standardanthropometric techniques. SPSS statistical package used to calculate Pearson’s coefficients of correlationand regression equations between stature and the anthropometric variables.Results: There were total 255 participants including 54 (21.18%) males and 201 (78.82%) females.Regression equation for estimation of stature from right forearm length is S = 1.4111 Rt FAL+ 126.72, andfrom left forearm length is S = 1.3774 Lt FAL+ 128.39. There were strong positive correlations betweenheight and forearm lengths in all regressions (r >0.9; p < 0.0001).Conclusions: The proposed regression equations based on forearm length presented here will simplify thetask of stature estimation for adults in clinical forensic medicine or as aids to the identification in criminalinvestigation in endogenous population. The left forearm length is more accurate in estimating the stature ofyoung adults of western Indian population.