Diagnosis and treatment of rhinogenic headache in children are among the most difficult and controversial problems of modern otorhinolaryngology and pediatrics. Headache is one of the leading causes of medical care in childhood. However, the differentiation between primary cephalalgia and secondary rhinogenic pain presents significant diagnostic difficulties. The detection of morphological changes using computed and magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinuses and endoscopic signs of inflammation does not always correlate with the clinical picture of pain syndrome, which often leads to unjustified surgical tactics. This paper aims to critically analyze the main contradictions in the current approach to the diagnosis and treatment of rhinogenic headache in children. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to identify the key pathogenetic mechanisms of pain syndrome in various forms of rhinosinusitis and nasal cavity contact deformities. Special attention was paid to the differential diagnosis of rhinogenic and non-rhinogenic pain etiologies, the criteria for selecting patients for surgical intervention, and the optimization of postoperative management. The results of the study highlight the need to revise the existing approach to the diagnosis and treatment of rhinogenic headache in children, implement a unified algorithm for interdisciplinary differential diagnosis, and develop clear criteria for selecting patients for surgical intervention.

Laryngeal lymphoid hyperplasia is an extremely rare pathology, and clinical cases of this pathology described in the literature are limited. This article presents a clinical case of a patient with nodular idiopathic reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the vestibular larynx. Patient G., 53 years old, was admitted to the department in April 2024 complaining of tracheostomy, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness. After the examination, the diagnosis was established: neoplasm of the larynx. Laryngeal stenosis. Tracheostomy. A neoplasm removal was performed via direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia using radiofrequency device Surgitron and an ARC TrueBlue 445 nm surgical laser. The morphological picture was similar to a lymphoproliferative disorder. However, immunohistochemical reactions with antibodies to bcl-6 (clone GI191E/A8, Cell Marque Corporation) and to bcl-2 (clone 124, Cell Marque Corporation) canceled the diagnosis of lymphoma and established the diagnosis of supraglottic submucosa nodular idiopathic reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. The patient was decannulated and fully rehabilitated. Idiopathic lymphoid hyperplasia of the larynx is an extremely rare cause of airway stenosis that requires surgical intervention. The diagnosis should be differentiated with lymphoproliferative disorders and with foci of ectopic tonsil tissue. The diagnosis should be based on a thoroughly conducted histological examination with immunohistochemical reactions.

A study on the use of herbal medicinal product with comprehensive secretolytic, secretomotor and anti-inflammatory activity Sinupret extract in the surgical practice of treating patients with acute and chronic sinusitis was carried out. The use of this drug allowed to reduce the rehabilitation time after surgical treatment, contributed to the acceleration of the mucociliary clearance recovery, relieved subjective perception in patients in the early and late postoperative period.

The auditory tube performs drainage, ventilation and protective functions. The impairments of those functions play an important role in the development of chronic middle ear pathology, in addition, they also largely determine the outcome of the disease and the results of surgical treatment. Protective and drainage functions are performed using the ciliated epithelium lining the lumen of the auditory tube. The results of our study showed that patients with chronic tubotimpanal otitis media, even with satisfactory patency of the auditory tube, may show signs of impaired drainage function, which may affect the success of tympanoplasty. Therefore, the appointment of mucoactive preparations, including the drug Sinupret, as a preoperative preparation, in order to improve mucociliary clearance, is appropriate and justified.

To study the features of recording the latency of the stapedial muscle acoustic reflex, as well as its indicators in children of the first year of life. 3130 measurements and their combinations obtained during the examination of 416 children were analyzed. Dynamic indicators were taken into account: initial and final latency, initial and final recovery time, and the time of increase and decrease in the latency of the acoustic reflex. The obtained data were subjected to covariance and correlation analysis. Covariance and correlation relationships of some dynamic indicators of the latency of the acoustic reflex, as well as their dependence on the gestational age, age, and intensity of the presented tone, were revealed. Reflexometry in children born before 32 weeks of gestation should be performed after 9 months of life, and after 33 weeks, starting from 6 months of life.

To determine a practical benefit from using this technology at the rehabilitation stage of cochlear implantation. Cases of 100 patients from 10 months to 74 years old, Δ=17±8.6 years, who underwent a rehabilitation course or the speech processor exchange at the St. Petersburg Research Institute of ENT in 2025 were prospectively studied. All patients had a MedEl cochlear implant with a straight type of electrode array: standard (n=69), flex-soft (n=31). Objectives of the study: to assess the correspondence between the standard implant telemetry and the impedance field telemetry heat maps; to identify additional information when analyzing heat maps; to determine indications for using the technology at the rehabilitation stage of cochlear implantation. : In all (100%) cases, impedance field telemetry heat maps served as a convenient graphical representation of the data, an additional opportunity appeared to evaluate each of the system contacts for all possible stimulation options. In 18 patients (18%), additional information had clinical significance and influenced the specialist's decision-making, which is illustrated by clinical examples of three patients. : Impedance field telemetry is an informative and convenient diagnostic method, both intraoperatively and at the rehabilitation stage. Heat maps do not completely replace classical telemetry, but they help to obtain additional information, which is of clinical significance in some cases. The method should be used in conjunction with implant telemetry in complex or ambiguous situations.

Surgical intervention remains one of the main methods of treating chronic tonsillitis, it allows patients to completely eliminate the symptoms of the disease and improve their quality of life. However, bilateral tonsillectomy is associated with the risk of postoperative complications, which are often life-threatening for the patient. The presented systematic review contains information about bleeding that occurs after bilateral tonsillectomy, as well as measures to prevent it. The analysis includes original articles, case reports, and literature reviews.

The review is devoted to the problem of balance disorders combined with hearing loss in pediatric population. The balance function is implemented by three systems: visual, somatosensory and vestibular and plays an important role in the child's development. The critical period for vestibular system development occurs prior to a child taking their first independent steps and the balance system continues to mature until approximately 4-6 years of age. According to various sources, vestibular disorders may occur in children with sensorineural hearing loss with a frequency ranging from 8% to 85% without any correlation to the degree of hearing impairment. These balance disorders, in combination with hearing loss, have been shown to limit various aspects of a child's development such as motor and cognitive skill acquisition, learning, sports participation, physical activity, written expression, reading ability, communication, and social interaction. In modern clinical practice, a framework for an algorithm has been developed to diagnose balance disorders in children of different ages. These methods should be tailored to each child's developmental level and be highly informative, while also complementing each other in terms of results. Approaches are currently being explored to screen for vestibular issues in children with confirmed hearing loss. Data on changes in balance in children underwent cochlear implantation is conflicting. In the immediate postoperative period, some patients may experience transient vestibular dysfunction, but over time, there is a general trend towards improved balance. Discussions are underway regarding the potential of vestibular rehabilitation as part of a comprehensive approach for children with hearing impairment. This includes enhancing neuroplasticity through adaptation, habituation, and substitution. It is essential to investigate the efficacy of various methods of rehabilitation for children with hearing loss who experience balance issues.

To study the data and results of surgical treatment of PBCs in the world literature, to study the factors and possible causes of recurrence of PBCs. Generalization of the obtained data, their systematization. A systematic literature search of databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary) was conducted to identify articles from 2010 to 2025. Medical Subject Headings (MeSHTerms) and keywords were used as the search strategy petrous bone OR petrous[AllFields] AND bone[AllFields]) OR petrous bone[AllFields]) AND (cholesteatoma[MeSHTerms] OR cholesteatoma[AllFields] OR cholesteatomas[AllFields])). In eLibrary, the search was performed using the query petrous bone cholesteatoma. The search was limited to articles in English and Russian. Of the 530 articles devoted to the topic of petrous bone cholesteatoma and its recurrence, repeated publications and works performed by the same group of authors were excluded from the study at the data search stage; publications were also excluded for other reasons (in total, n=456). The inclusion criteria for the study were defined in the database of patients with petrous bone cholesteatoma of the presented series: the number of patients should be more than 10, the use of the PBCs classification according to Sanna from 2016, performed surgical approach, recurrence rate, time of observation. Taking into account the listed criteria, 16 publications were included in the study. The total number of patients was 970. The distribution of PBCs extension: supralabyrinthine (SL) 50.7%, then massive (M) 25.8%, infralabyrinthine (IL) 8.4%, infralabyrinthine apical (ILA) 8.2%, apical (A) 6.8%. The most common surgical options were transotic approach (TO) - 201, translabyrinthine approach (TL) - 165, modified transcholear approach (MTC) - 96. The types of complications and their frequency of occurrence, options for surgery ending and the impact of these factors on the recurrence of PBCs were analyzed. The recurrence rate in the 16 publications studied ranged from 1.6% to 29%. The causes of recurrence of PBCs are multifactorial. It is important to take into account the type of lesion, surgical approach using additional equipment, and the surgery ending. In the 16 described series of clinical cases the average incidence of recurrence of PBCs is 13.8%, with 50% of the recurrent lesions in the supralabyrinthine type. It is impossible to establish a causal relationship between the recurrence of PBCs due to the fact that the studied literature does not have enough data to conduct a meta-analysis. The problem of recurrent PBCs requires further studies, accumulation of experience, presentation of the obtained results, and a search for a relationship between recurrence and the factors that determine it.

To improve the results of treatment of acute rhinosinusitis through the use of Inflasinusans, taking into account the assessment of the clinical picture and olfactory function. 70 patients with acute sinusitis aged 18 to 65 years (39 women, 56%; 31 men, 44%) were examined. To assess the treatment results, a visual analog scale, an endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity, an assessment of the olfactory thresholds using the RVSS test and an olfactory dysfunction questionnaire were used. According to the study, it was reliably confirmed that the use of the natural herbal vitamin complex Inflasinusans, consisting of extracts of herbs (elderberry, primrose, hops and thyme), enriched with vitamin C, zinc and dihydroquercetin, contributed to a more intensive improvement in the clinical picture and restoration of the sense of smell. The olfactory index in patients using Inflasinusans was 0.2 higher than in the control group. In addition, 8.5% of the control group did not recover their sense of smell even after 3 weeks of treatment, which was not detected in the main group. The use of Inflasinusans in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis reduces the symptoms and inflammatory response, as well as accelerates the restoration of the sense of smell, which makes it possible to recommend the plant-vitamin complex Inflasinusans as part of combination therapy for acute rhinosinusitis both at the start and on any day of the disease.