This article analyses the natural assets of the Area of Integration of Central West South America (Spanish acronym, ZICOSUR), specifically lithium, with respect to its regional potential in the process of linking up with China. The authors examine the natural resources of the region, which includes the sub-regions of Gran Chaco and the “lithium triangle”. ZICOSUR is a sub-state integration process that mainly involves peripheral sub-state units seeking regional international insertion in order to expand their development possibilities. In this respect, the work examines the complementarity of interests with the Asian giant, which may lead to cooperative relations. The proposed theoretical framework begins with paradiplomacy studies to understand the actions of sub-state units, and from regional integration studies to understand the phenomenon at the sub-state level in relation to the management of natural resources. The methodological proposal is mainly qualitative, employing a case study and the analysis official documents and bibliographic sources.

espanolEn este articulo se analiza el tema de la lucha por el tekoha de los guaranies y los kaiowa, desde una perspectiva geografica, en el movimiento de descolonizacion de la frontera de Brasil con Paraguay. La metodologia de la investigacion se esbozo mediante el metodo cualitativo y cuantitativo. Ademas de la eleccion de los conceptos nativos, se utilizo la encuesta bibliografica y se desarrollo un trabajo de campo. La multitransterritorialidad es una practica de desplazamiento territorial que articula redes de relaciones politicas, economicas y etnicas, que permite a los grupos guaranies luchar por la demarcacion del tekoha a ambos lados de la frontera, que propicia un transito efectivo entre territorios y activa multiples territorialidades indigenas. EnglishThis article analyzes the issue of the struggle for the tekoha of the Guarani and Kaiowa peoples from a geographical perspective, and with respect to the movement to decolonize the border between Brazil and Paraguay. The research methodology was outlined using a qualitative and quantitative approach. In addition to the selection of native concepts, a bibliographic survey was used and field work was also carried out. Multi-transterritoriality is a form of territorial displacement that coordinates networks of political, economic, and ethnic relationships. This allows groups of Guarani to fight for the demarcation of the tekoha on both sides of the border, thus favoring the effective movement of this group between territories and activating numerous indigenous territorialities.

En este articulo se aborda una experiencia de construccion de conocimiento conjunto entre la academia y el Estado en torno a la politica publica migratoria en Colombia requerida para dar respuesta a la inmigracion venezolana. Presenta el procedimiento metodologico del Primer Encuentro Nacional de Departamentos de Fronteras (ENALDEF), elaborado por la Red de Investigacion en Asuntos de Frontera (RIAF). Los metodos utilizados en ENALDEF fueron la cartografia social, la aplicacion de una matriz FODA, los grupos focales y el mapeo de politicas y programas, que se configuraron como escenarios participativos y flexibles. La frontera es concebida como un lugar en donde la participacion ciudadana contribuye a la generacion de una vision binacional y un imaginario cargado de elementos unicos que requieren de la atencion diferencial del Estado y de la academia, dada su historica tendencia a la precarizacion.

En las últimas cuatro décadas, la migración internacional de mexicanos a Estados Unidos se convirtió en una válvula de escape a los problemas económicos, sin que el Gobierno mexicano manifestase preocupación por el diseño de políticas públicas de desarrollo económico, migración y derechos humanos que incidan en las causas estructurales de los flujos migratorios. Las políticas sobre migración fueron parciales, reactivas y tardías, y forman parte de las políticas de seguridad del Estado mexicano. Estas no consideraron la causa estructural de las mismas, ni los derechos humanos de todos los migrantes que salían, llegaban, pasaban y retornaban a México. Ante este panorama, el nuevo Gobierno mexicano enfrenta el doble reto de construir y aplicar una nueva estrategia de desarrollo nacional, soberana, con empleo, equidad y seguridad humana para todos y, al mismo tiempo, la necesidad de incluir una política de Estado que involucre el desarrollo integral, la migración y los derechos humanos, la cual contemple las siete dimensiones migratorias del país como espacio de origen, tránsito, destino, retorno, desplazamientos, asilo y refugio. Asimismo, que integre la migración proveniente de Centroamérica como parte importante de la misma, en razón de la trascendencia creciente que tiene ya en varias de esas dimensiones en los diferentes flujos poblacionales del país.

This paper analyzes the migratory paths of women from Bolivia and north-western Argentina who work in agriculture in Mendoza, Argentina. The fieldwork was conducted between 2014 and 2018 in Ugarteche, Mendoza. Ugarteche is a vibrant farming community where migrants form a significant part of the labor force. Deploying an ethnographic approach, supported primarily by a biographical strategy, this article explores the dimensions that shaped women’s migratory paths, their living conditions and the impact of the sexual division of labor in their itineraries. The research findings suggest that articulation of productive and reproductive work structures a labor continuum that models the migratory routes of female farm workers.

This paper aims to understand and explain the factors that prompted an economic powerhouse like Japan to propose a strategic alliance with Chile in 1994. The hypothesis is that Chilean financial stability in the 1990s and an opportunity for the Japanese to access the MERCOSUR economies were the factors that drove this alliance. However, the impact of the Asian financial crisis in 1997, which led Japan to be replaced by China as the primary market for Latin American exports in Asia, prevented this idea from materializing as it was originally meant to. In response, a series of high-level official visits took place between the countries, which highlighted the gap between Chile’s foreign policy agenda and the interests of the country’s business sector.

Costa Rica has historically been identified as the main destination country of migration in Central America. However, from 2009 onwards, important changes were observed in the migration scenario which have led to two major emergencies: the first in November 2015 with the massive arrival of Cuban citizens and the second in April 2016 with the arrival of people from various Caribbean, African and Asian countries. This work is based on an analysis of news articles, a review of reports on this situation issued by institutions linked to the response to these emergencies, and interviews with key actors. This analysis therefore allows us to identify the changes registered in the migratory scenario of transit to establish the main challenges faced by the Costa Rican State in its response to these emergencies. As a result of this research process, it has been concluded that the country must reassess its migration policy and adopt a forward looking and versatile approach, which transcends its focus on immigration issues and plays a comprehensive role in the regional migratory framework.

One key factor in the studies carried out on cross-border regions, are the value chains that are established through economic trade. This article examines this issue with respect to the Dominican Republic/Haitian border (Elias Pina-Departamento Central), through an analysis of agri-food chains. For this purpose, a study was made of six agricultural products that cross the border in both directions. This work included observations, the gathering of statistical data, and interviews with key stakeholders in these processes. The value chains highlight typical features of unequal cross-border trade. Moreover, they also show how the region, and specifically local producers, have limited access to the profits generated by such cross-border economic activity.

The floating population as a social phenomenon has a direct impact on the cities through which its members pass. Given its increasing presence in contemporary urban settings, there is a need to ascertain the impact of the floating population on the city and its urban development. Based on a review of 40 articles, this paper presents a critical and integrative analysis of papers published on the floating population for the period spanning 1990 to 2019. The literature review guides the socio-spatial focus by including this population segment and its correlation with the city in social and spatial terms, understanding the city as the space in which social interactions take place. The results reflect the findings and limitations of an issue that has different variants, and which changes depending on the local, regional and global context. Recommendations for future research are also included.