Abstract Additive manufacturing has been gaining popularity in many industries and has made significant growth over the last 5 years. Many industries use additive manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) printing to produce complex shape objects that is a challenge to be manufactured by casting or conventional methods. In this study, the impact of heat treatment and build orientation is examined for the mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed parts. The study used samples constructed of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, which is frequently used in AM applications. The parts were printed at various build orientations such as 0°, 45°, and 90°. Following printing, the samples underwent four distinct heat-treatments at 0, 700, 800, and 900°C. The variation in mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, strain-stress, and tensile strength) has been monitored to determine the best heat treatment and tilt orientation to obtain the best mechanical properties. These findings provide a systematic analysis and support the 3D printing of the parts used with a desired mechanical strength.

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the intra- and inter-day reliability of flywheel cluster set training in concentric power (CON), eccentric power (ECC), and ECC overload during the Romanian deadlift exercise (RDL). A secondary aim was to assess the acute effect of internal and external attentional focus instructions on mean power when performing the flywheel RDL. Fourteen collegiate male field sport athletes (age, 23.3 ± 3.7 years; mass, 80.8 ± 9.9 kg; height, 1.79 ± 0.06 m) were randomized into internal (n = 7) or external (n = 7) attentional focus groups and attended four testing sessions, with a between-session separation of 7 days. Sessions consisted of four cluster sets of fifteen repetitions "excluding momentum repetitions" (4 × (5 + 5 + 5)) using a specific inertial load (0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 kg·m-2) for a given set in a randomized ascending or descending order. Cluster sets were separated by a 45 s intra-set rest period. Both instructional focus groups attained familiarization, although the time taken to achieve familiarization (outcome stability) differed between groups. The external instructional group attained familiarization post-session 2 (Cohen's d (ES), ES = 0.11-0.65) with little volatility between performance measures (CV% = 4.61-9.59). Additionally, the internal group reported inconsistencies among all inertial loads, reporting large differences in MP in the 0.100 kg·m-2 inertial load from day 2 to day 3 (ES = 1.22) and both 0.050 kg·m2 (p = 0.010) and 0.075 kg·m-2 (p = 0.016) between day 3 and day 4. The flywheel RDL cluster set approach is a reliable training modality for maintaining mean power output during cluster set repetitions.

Older people often face varied and vicious abuse from care workers. Situations are often more pronounced for older people who live with additional cognitive or physical difficulties, such as dementia and disabilities, the prevalence of which has been on the rise in China and elsewhere. Recent discoveries of elderly abuse in China, which span from alarming levels of verbal, physical, psychological, financial, to sexual abuse, are all caused by nannies or "bao mu". Different from Western countries, the word nanny is often used to refer to people who offer caregiving help in residential settings at large, regardless of the age of the care recipients. What is also different is the lack of regulations or even rigorous training and evaluation processes for nannies in China: almost anyone could become a nanny-even though a background check is often required for nannies, this process is often highly variable and dependent on the specific labour agencies that nannies are registered with. Yet without structured studies and systematic data, little is known about the extent and severity of nanny-induced elderly abuse in China. To this end, this paper aims to discuss the unique elderly care environment-such as the "721 Rule"-in China, particularly in the post-COVID era, and highlight the critical need for timely and rigorous studies on the potential prevalence and severity of nannies' abuse and neglect of older people.

The miniaturization of silicon chips and the complexity of device functionality has driven the electronic packaging industry to find new methods to enhance the reliability of chips at a smaller size. Solutions such as Ball Grid Array (BGA) packages have contributed to the miniaturization of integrated circuits (ICs) and the reduction in their overall size. However, void formation in the solder joint is a weakness that can affect the robustness of the solder joint integrity, both mechanically and electrically. To detect these voids, metrology methods such as 3D Computed tomography (CT)-scan are used. 3D CT-scans can identify submicron-sized void defects in real-time during thermal tests, which can be utilized to help improve the quality control lines in the electronic chip manufacturing industries. In this paper, two types of BGA packages will be evaluated for solder joint properties. The prepared samples will be subject to high temperature stress conditions to assess the mechanism of void formation in solder joint. The prepared samples will be heated at 260 °C four times where the heating lasts 0, 5, 10, and 15 min, respectively. The prepared samples will be mounted on a PCB board and the results of the thermal stress tests will be analyzed using 3D X-ray CT scans. These 3D-CT scans used in tandem with a reconstruction and visualization software suite, will be utilized to observe changes such as void formation in the solder joint after each heating time. Unexpectedly, void size reduced between the first and second heat cycles on both samples but increased for the third and fourth heat cycles then.

Abstract Underpinned by social identity theory and drawing on the concept of professors as academic leaders, this paper asks, what are the informal professorial leadership activities performed by female professors? Drawing on contemporary literature, it categorises the informal leadership activities of female professors. These activities are incorporated into a conceptual framework, which offers insight into identifying and delineating effective ways in which to better understand female professorial leadership activities. This framework provides important and novel socio-psychological insight into an under-explored but critical aspect of the daily activities of female professors as academic leaders.

Breast cancer is the most common type of lethal cancer in women globally. Women have a 1 in 8 chance of developing breast cancer in their lifetime. Among the four primary molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2+, and triple-negative), HER2+ accounts for 20–25 % of all breast cancer and is rather aggressive. Although the treatment outcome of HER2+ breast cancer patients has been significantly improved with anti-HER2 agents, primary and acquired drug resistance present substantial clinical issues, limiting the benefits of HER2-targeted treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a central role in regulating acquired drug resistance. miRNA are single-stranded, non-coding RNAs of around 20–25 nucleotides, known for essential roles in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that miRNA-mediated alteration of gene expression is associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and tumor response to treatment. Comprehensive knowledge of miRNAs as potential markers of drug response can help provide valuable guidance for treatment prognosis and personalized medicine for breast cancer patients.

BackgroundThose with intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer typically receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as part of their treatment. ADT often results in extensive side effects including increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. Many ADT side effects can be influenced by exercise, both resistance and aerobic training. Exercise regimes typically combine aerobic and resistance exercise but the appropriate emphasis for achieving the broadest range of therapeutic benefits has yet to be determined. We propose to determine the feasibility of undertaking a larger trial comparing a resistance- vs an aerobic-emphasised exercise intervention in men with prostate cancer undergoing ADT. The trial will also investigate preliminary evidence of difference between arms for cardiometabolic health and quality of life outcomes. MethodsThis is a 6-month randomised two-armed feasibility trial. Prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT and radiotherapy will be recruited (n = 24) and randomised to either a resistance- or aerobic-emphasised group. Participants will attend twice-weekly supervised individual or small group sessions, with 75% of exercise time in the primary exercise modality. The primary outcome will be feasibility, determined via assessment of recruitment, retention, adherence, safety, and acceptability. Secondary outcomes will include quality of life, body composition, vascular indices, aerobic and muscular fitness and cardiometabolic health blood biomarkers. ConclusionIt is envisaged that the trial will provide valuable information and preliminary difference data that will aid in the design of an efficacious larger trial that will adopt a major and minor emphasis approach to the scheduling of resistance and aerobic exercise.

Cancer is a global public health problem, but its exact prevalence in people with intellectual disabilities is still uncertain. This population, with limited health skills and complex health needs, faces many challenges in cancer prevention, screening, timely diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, they are often underrepresented in general cancer prevention and screening policies across Europe, leading to widened disparities in health outcomes and premature mortality. Thus, unified national and local policies are needed to reduce inequalities and promoting a pan-European inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities. Our goal is to raise public awareness of this issue, including the involvement of people with intellectual disabilities, and promote engagement from relevant stakeholders. The COST Action ‘Cancer- Understanding Prevention in Intellectual Disabilities’ (CUPID) project will address health inequalities faced by people with intellectual disabilities in relation to cancer, and support the development of policy recommendations specifically tailored to their unique cognitive and healthcare needs, having a positive long-term impact on quality of life.

Abstract Background Suicide among male construction industry workers (CIWs) are reported to be disproportionally high compared to the working age population. However, there is minimal understanding of the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation (SI), non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and suicide attempts (SA) among male CIWs. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a large sample of male CIWs in Ireland (n = 1,585). We investigated the prevalence of SI, NSSI and SA and sociodemographic, occupational, and mental health factors associated with these three outcomes. Multivariable Poisson regression was performed to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of SI (model 1 primary outcome), while multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of NSSI (model 2 primary outcome), and SA (model 3 primary outcome). Results. The lifetime prevalence rate of SI in this study was 22%, 6% for NSSI, and 6% for SA. In univariable modelling, socio-demographic and occupational factors associated with the three outcomes included younger age (SI and NSSI), not being in a relationship (SA) and working 35–44 hours per week (SI and SA). All psychological factors (past mental health difficulties, history of mental health treatment, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depression, suicide bereavement) were significantly associated with increased risk of the three outcomes. In fully adjusted multivariable models: (1) past mental health difficulties, higher GAD and depression levels were associated with increased IRR of suicide ideation; (2) past mental health difficulties and higher GAD levels were associated with a higher odds ratio (OR) of NSSI and; (3) past mental health difficulties and higher depression levels were associated with higher ORs for SA. Conclusion. SI, NSSI and SA are significant issues for male CIWs that require specific attention. Findings highlight a need to support younger male CIWs and those bereaved by suicide. They also highlight the need for the early detection and treatment of GAD and depression in order to intervene in, and potentially prevent, suicidality among male CIWs.