Cassava is a perennial root crop cultivated for human nutrition and livestock feeding. Its roots are consumed peeled and cooked, while the raw roots are processed industrially to obtain starch. In Misiones, farmers have traditionally preferred and preserved several cassava cultivars for specific traits, such as cooking quality, texture of boiled roots, or starch yield. Our objectives were to employ seven EST-SSR primer pairs to map them in silicoonto the reference genome of M. esculenta, and to characterise a group of traditional and new cassava cultivars and lines for Misiones by PCR amplification. Each primer pair mapped uniquely to the expected locus and, for the first time, revealed the corresponding chromosome, gene identity, and primer-mapped region in the reference genome. The functional SSR marker was contained within the region delimited by both primers of each pair. In all 20 studied cassava accessions, these primers produced satisfactory amplification profiles showing bands of expected size. The assayed set of markers yielded a characteristic amplification pattern for each accession, allowing them to be differentiated by this seven-primer combination. This analysis aims to assist the initial steps of genetic characterisation for selection and breeding programs of cassava cultivars in Misiones.

Infections by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a significant cause of productivity losses in sheep and goat farming. Anthelmintic resistance is a growing issue, driven by the indiscriminate use of these products. This study examines the GINs in sheep and goats in the province of Misiones, Argentina, and the resistance to anthelmintic drugs. Ten farms from southern Misiones were analyzed, with fecal egg counts (FEC) and drug resistance tests were performed. A wide variability in parasite burden was observed both between and within herds, highlighting the importance of customizing treatments. The average FEC was 309 and was established as the threshold above which an individual should be treated. Strategic treatment is proposed, targeting animals with highparasite loads, considered "spreaders" of infection. This approach optimizes the use of anthelmintics, reducing selection pressure on the parasite population and helping prevent resistance. Resistance to ivermectin was detected in all evaluated farms, as well as to benzimidasole and closantel, confirming the need for laboratory diagnostics before administering treatments. The predominant GIN genus was Haemonchus, represented by H. contortusand H. placei, followed by Cooperia.Additionally, a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique was adapted for the rapid detection of the most common genera, which will improve parasite diagnosis and characterization. This study describes the GIN and anthelmintic resistance in sheep and goats in the province of Misiones,and underscores the need for continued research to adapt control strategies to local conditions and ensure the sustainability of production.

The aging of the population has led to an increased use of anticoagulants such as sodium warfarin. This study evaluated the quality of 5 mg warfarin tablets by analyzing eight samples (A1–A8) in accordance with the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, with the objective of identifying quality deviations and verifying their interchangeability with the referencemedication.The samples were subjected to the following quality control tests: average weight, friability (loss <1.5%), disintegration (within 30 minutes), dosing(content between 92.5% and 107.5%), and content uniformity (acceptance value <15). However, sample A3 failed the dissolution test, releasing less than 40% of the active ingredient within 30 minutes.The equivalence assessment indicated that samplesA1xA2 (69.97) and A1xA4 (54.43) were interchangeable, whereas samples A3, A5, A6, A7, and A8 were not.The comparison of dissolution profiles using the similarity factor (f₂) revealed that several samples exhibited quality deviations, potentially compromising treatment efficacy and safety, and suggesting deficiencies in Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).

The objective was to develop cheese bread doughscontaining spores of Bacillus coagulansBC30 or Bacillus clausiiand to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics(moisture, ash, proteins and lipids), viability and in vitrogastrointestinal resistance of the probiotics. The control and probiotic bread doughs were kept at -20 °C for 90 days, with the product being baked after 0, 30, 60 and 90 days to carry out the analyses. There was no difference (p>0.05) in moisture, ash, lipids and carbohydrates between the masses of the three treatments. The viability of B. coagulansin dough, after processing and 90 days was > 7.71 log CFU/g, while in baked bread it was 5.24 log CFU/g and 6.03 log CFU/g at 0 and 90 days, respectively. The viability of B. clausiiin dough at times 0 and after 90 days was > 7.32 log CFU/g and in bread baked at the same times it was, respectively, 5.39 log CFU/g and 5.95 log CFU/g. In enteric phase II, at 90 days, the viability of B. clausiiwas 4.77 log CFU/g, while that of B. coagulanswas 4.11 log CFU/g. The addition of these probiotics to cheese bread is a promising alternative for the market.

Jatropha gossypiifoliaL. is a widely used medicinal plant in the Amazon region. Commonly known as pião-roxo, it produces luteol, a compound with healing properties, and has therefore been included in the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Despite its potential as a herbal medicine, there are no phytotechnical studies supporting its large-scale propagation, making seed germination trials essential. For the ex vitrogermination test, seeds were placed in different substrates over a period of 180 days to determine the most suitable soil type for germination. For the in vitrogermination test, three concentrations of sodium hypochlorite were evaluated: 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0%. Nodal segments were subjected to the same aseptic treatments. As a result, clayey soil was identified as the most effective substrate, presenting the highest seed germination speed index. Since in vitroseed germination was not achieved, cultivation of the species was initiated using nodal segments, with the most effective treatment being 1.0 mg/L of sodium hypochlorite. Thus, it was demonstrated that biomass production of this species is feasible for pharmaceutical industry applications through both ex vitroand in vitromethods.

This study aimed to isolate and identify entomopathogenic fungal strains of the genus Beauveriafrom agricultural soils and to evaluate their pathogenic potential as mycoinsecticides. Fungal identification was based on a multifaceted approach that included macro-and micromorphological characterization, scanning electron microscopy, and analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA, ITS, and EF-1α sequences. Pathogenicity tests were conducted against the larval stage of Tenebrio molitor. Among all isolates examined, two fungal strains collected from yerba mate plantations in southern Misiones were identified as Beauveria bassiana(HEP 32 and HEP MSO2). Larval mortality of T. molitorwas significantly affected, particularly by the B. bassianaHEP MSO2 strain, suggesting its potential as an effective mycoinsecticide for integration into crop pest management strategies.

Background: Pure Data (Pd) is a predominantly visual programming language widely used by musicians in the process of composition and musical performance that involves sound synthesis. This visual characteristic implies poor accessibility for a visually impaired musician (VIM) because screen readers do not allow recognition and/or manipulation of language elements. Objectives: This work aims to present an inclusive strategy that enables VIM to interact with other musicians in real-time during performances. Methods: A sighted musician programmed a Pd script consisting of five patches. Switches and potentiometers of a MIDI controller matched elements of the script, activating andmodulating parameters of sound clips. The VIM uses the screen reader to access Pd, open the programmed code, configure the MIDI controller, and enable audio output. The performance is executed by the VIM. Results: The result of the elaborate composition was a live soundscape performance that had similarity in the manipulation of the MIDI controller with that of the sighted musician. Conclusion: These strategies enabled a VIM to perform autonomously in real time using Pd patches, fostering interaction with sighted musicians and expanding accessibility.

The need for studies on interchangeability prediction arose when street gas, generated from mineral coal, began to be replaced bynatural gas or petroleum-derived gases. This need emergedmainly from the fact that burners have limited flexibility in responding to variations inthe composition of their fuel. Subsequently, it was necessary to evaluate the performance of burners with different natural gas compositions. The current study assessed the feasibility of substituting fuel gas used in the furnace.

This study introduces an innovative methodology aimed at enhancing the application of statistical tests in contingency tables with low expected cell frequencies. By means of a linear scaling technique, we address the limitations of traditional tests—such as the Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact Test—when dealing with small values and fuzzy data, thereby facilitating a robust statistical analysis adapted to conditions of uncertainty. Classical contingency table analysispresents constraints when cell values are extremely small, particularly when decimal values fall below one. In such contexts, methods that rely on these tables, including the Chi-Square Test and Fisher’s Exact Test (FET), may prove inadequate for appropriately managing the associated uncertainty, especially when the degree of imprecision within the data is non-negligible. This study develops: (1) an innovative adaptation of contingency tables that enhances the robustness of statistical tests under suboptimal sampling conditions, and (2) a computational tool that automates its implementation. Moreover, examples of scalability are discussed as a resource applicable to any contingency table facing the challenge of small values, as well as the effective use of information embedded in fuzzy or imprecise data across diverse research domains.

The production of clean electricity, which does not harm environmental systems, has been one of the main global prioritiesin recent times. The range of ultraviolet radiation, sent through sunlight, which can be captured by photovoltaic cells and transformed into electrical energy, makesthe sun the most promising source to supply the electrical needs of human beings. The climate is of considerable importance in capturing solar energy, as the efficiency of a cell system is directly related to local climate conditions. This paper aims to analysethe influence of meteorological elements on the efficiency of photovoltaic energy generation and its climatic effect. The methodology is based on measuring the generation of electricity throughphotovoltaic cells, compiling meteorological elements and panel temperature, studying the relationship between electricity generation using photovoltaic cells and other parameters, and surveying parameters to improvethe efficiency of clean energy generation. The results show a relationship between the generation of electricity through photovoltaic cells and the other parameters, providing an average generation 11% higher in wind directions between 330 and 360° at the study site, as well as enabling an alternative to reduce of upto 5.3% of the emission of greenhouse gases through the expansion of photovoltaic energy generation and reduction of energy generation by hydroelectric and thermoelectric plants, which are currently positioned as the largest sources in Brazil.