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  • Research Article
  • 10.13016/m2brch-tzgm
Design and Modeling of the Off-Axis Parabolic Deformable (OPD) Mirror Laboratory
  • Aug 12, 2019
  • Proceedings of SPIE
  • Hari B Subedi + 2 more

Coronagraph-equipped direct imaging missions need an active wavefront control system to cancel out the optical aberrations that degrade the performance of the coronagraphs. A fast steering mirror is used to control Line-of-Sight (LoS) pointing error caused by the telescope jitter. In addition to controlling other low-order aberrations such as astigmatism and coma, high stroke, high actuator density deformable mirrors (DMs) are also used to control the electric field at the required high spatial frequencies. We are designing a testbed to verify a different deformable architecture, where the powered optic in the optical train are controllable and have lower actuator count compared to the existing DMs with flat nominal surfaces. This simplifies the packaging issue for space missions and reduces both cost and risk of having the entire coronagraph instrument's performance depending on one or two high-actuator count DMs. The testbed would also be capable of testing different low-order wavefront sensing algorithms, which focuses in the near-term on a new adaptive Kalman filtering and gradient decent method to estimate the harmonic LoS errors that affect space telescopes. In long run, we would test different machine learning techniques to estimate low-order aberrations and non-linear algorithms for digging the region of high contrast called the dark holes (DH).

  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 1
  • 10.3929/ethz-b-000350278
Deep learning techniques for bone surface delineation in ultrasound
  • Mar 15, 2019
  • Proceedings of SPIE
  • Matija Ciganovic + 3 more

  • Conference Article
  • 10.1117/12.2268269
Nanostructure-enhanced surface plasmon resonance imaging (Conference Presentation)
  • Jun 9, 2017
  • Proceedings of SPIE
  • Barbora Špašková + 4 more

There remains a need for the multiplexed detection of biomolecules at extremely low concentrations in fields of medical diagnostics, food safety, and security. Surface plasmon resonance imaging is an established biosensing approach in which the measurement of the intensity of light across a sensor chip is correlated with the amount of target biomolecules captured by the respective areas on the chip. In this work, we present a new approach for this method allowing for enhanced bioanalytical performance via the introduction of nanostructured sensing chip and polarization contrast measurement, which enable the exploitation of both amplitude and phase properties of plasmonic resonances on the nanostructures. Here we will discuss a complex theoretical analysis of the sensor performance, whereby we investigate aspects related to both the optical performance as well as the transport of the analyte molecules to the functionalized surfaces. This analysis accounts for the geometrical parameters of the nanostructured sensing surface, the properties of functional coatings, and parameters related to the detection assay. Based on the results of the theoretical analysis, we fabricated sensing chips comprised of arrays of gold nanoparticles (by electron-beam lithography), which were modified by a biofunctional coating to allow for the selective capturing of the target biomolecules in the regions with high sensitivity. In addition, we developed a compact optical reader with an integrated microfluidic cell, allowing for the measurement from 50 independent sensing channels. The performance of this biosensor is demonstrated through the sensitive detection of short oligonucleotides down to the low picomolar level.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1002/https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2237975
Goniometric and hemispherical reflectance and transmittance measurements of fused silica diffusers
  • Oct 11, 2016
  • Proceedings of SPIE
  • Paul Lemaillet + 5 more

  • Research Article
  • 10.6094/unifr/13012
Optical temperature sensing on flexible polymer foils
  • Jan 1, 2016
  • Proceedings of SPIE
  • Stanislav Sherman + 5 more

Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert den Entwurf, die Fertigung und die Charakterisierung zweier neuartiger Temperatursensoren. Im Gegensatz zu existierenden Lösungen, werden die hier gezeigten Komponenten erstmals als reinpolymerbasierte Systeme auf dünnen flexiblen Folien demonstriert. Die Herstellungstechniken für beide Sensorkonzepte wurden für eine großflächige Serienfertigung optimiert, womit ein signifikanter Schritt in Richtung kostengünstiger Herstellung von optischen Komponenten realisiert wurde. Der erste beschriebene Ansatz basiert auf Bragg-Gittern, welche in monomodige und mehrmodige, invertierte Polymerrippenwellenleiter integriert sind. Diese Sensoren übertragen Temperaturänderungen der Umgebung in Verschiebungen ihrer spektralen Transmissionscharacteristik. Aus diesem Grund können sie mit breitbandigen Lichtquellen, beispielsweise organischen Leuchtdioden (OLEDs), betrieben werden und benötigen keine Laserquellen. Die theoretische Modellierung der Sensoren zeigte eine schmalere spektrale Bandbreite für die monomodigen Sensoren im Vergleich zu ihren mehrmodigen Pendants, was auch experimentell bestätigt wurde. Obwohl diese Tatsache zu einer potentiellen Verbesserung der Signaldetektion beiträgt, ermöglichen größere Strukturbreiten von mehrmodigen Sensoren eine weitere Vereinfachung der Herstellungsprozesse. Daher können mehrmodige Sensoren in Systemen eingesetzt werden, für welche die Temperaturauflösung weniger kritisch ist. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine experimentell bestimmte Empfindlichkeit von -87±24 pm/K für monomodige Sensoren mit einer nahezu linearen Antwortkennlinie und einer Temperaturauflösung von ≈0.55 K erfolgreich demonstriert. Der zweite Ansatz beschreibt asymmetrische Mach-Zehnder-Interferometer, welche auf der gemeinsamen Wellenleitertechnologie mit den Bragg-Sensoren basieren. Das neuartige asymmetrische Design der entwickelten Strukturen trägt dabei erheblich zur Vereinfachung des Herstellungsprozesses bei. Im Gegensatz zum Bragg-Sensorkonzept, basieren die entwickelten interferometrischen Sensoren auf Intensitätsmessungen und können somit mit einer einfachen Fotodiode als Detektor realisiert werden. Sie zeigten eine lineare temperaturabhängige Intensitätsverschiebung von 0.98±0.33 %/K mit einer Auflösung von ≈0.66 K. Für die zukünftig beabsichtigte Verwendung der vorgestellten Sensoren als Teile größerer optischer Netzwerke, sind beide Sensortypen aufgrund der gemeinsamen Wellenleitertechnologie leicht austauschbar und können basierend auf dem entsprechenden Auslesekonzept für die gewünschte Anwendung gewählt werden.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1002/https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2191546
Forces and dynamics of optically levitated polystyrene particles in air using electrostatic modulation
  • Aug 25, 2015
  • Proceedings of SPIE
  • Haesung Park + 1 more

  • Research Article
  • 10.1002/10.1117/12.2191546
Forces and dynamics of optically levitated polystyrene particles in air using electrostatic modulation
  • Aug 25, 2015
  • Proceedings of SPIE
  • Haesung Park + 1 more

  • Research Article
  • 10.15496/publikation-17863
Creating cinematic wide gamut HDR-video for the evaluation of tone mapping operators and HDR-displays
  • Jan 1, 2014
  • Proceedings of SPIE
  • Stefan Grandinetti + 4 more

  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 2
  • 10.1117/12.680185
Stability and locality of amplitude and phase contrast tomographies
  • Sep 7, 2006
  • Proceedings of SPIE
  • T E Gureyev + 5 more

We perform a theoretical analysis of the mathematical stability and locality of several modes of amplitude and phase contrast computed tomography (CT) suitable for reconstruction of the 3D distribution of complex refractive index in samples displaying weak absorption contrast. We present a general formalism for CT reconstruction in linear shift-invariant optical systems. Examples of such systems include propagation-based and analyser-based CT. We obtain general formulae for CT reconstruction from analyser-based projection data. We also propose a new tomographic algorithm for the reconstruction of the 3D distribution of complex refractive index in a sample from a single propagation-based projection image per view angle, where the images display both absorption and phase contrast. The method assumes that the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index are proportional to each other. Using singular-value decompositions of the relevant operators we show that, in contrast to conventional amplitude-contrast CT, phase-contrast (diffraction) tomography is mathematically well-posed. The presented results are pertinent to biomedical imaging and non-destructive testing of samples exhibiting weak absorption contrast.

  • Conference Article
  • Cite Count Icon 19
  • 10.1117/12.618719
Quantum quadrature amplitude modulation system and its applicability to coherent-state quantum cryptography
  • Aug 19, 2005
  • Proceedings of SPIE
  • Kentaro Kato + 1 more

The quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal of coherent state of light is applied to the quantum stream cipher by Y-00 protocol. We first discuss on the performance of the square-root measurement (SRM) for the QAM signals in comparison with the optimum receiver. It is shown that the quantum stream cipher with the QAM signals is designed by using the SRM, taking account of the ciphertext-only attack and the known/chosen plain attack. Furthermore, the modification of the quantum stream cipher with the QAM signals is considered.