Background: Inflammation is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia. In light of the chronic inflammatory properties of the atopic disorders asthma, eczema and rhinitis, we hypothesized an association with dementia. Methods: Self-reported asthma, eczema or rhinitis was assessed (prior to dementia follow-up) through questionnaires in the 1960s or 1970s in twins from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry. Dementia was assessed both longitudinally (n = 22,188), through linkages to two population-based registers, and cross-sectionally (n = 7,800), through telephone cognitive screening followed by a clinical evaluation of suspects of dementia. Risk ratios were estimated with Cox and logistic regression models controlling for vascular disease and genetic confounding. Results: In the longitudinal study, a history of atopy was positively associated with dementia (HR = 1.16; 1.01–1.33). In the cross-sectional study we found overall lower risks, none of which was statistically significant. Asthma was associated with a shorter survival time following AD onset. Conclusions: Atopy is associated with a modestly increased risk of AD and dementia that is not mediated by vascular disease or due to genetic confounding. A history of asthma is associated with shorter life expectancy after AD diagnosis.

BackgroundStudies on the association between adult asthma and dementia are few. We investigated the risk of dementia in patients diagnosed with adult asthma compared with that of people without asthma who were age and sex matched to the study patients.MethodsWe used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 12 771 patients with newly diagnosed asthma between 2001 and 2003 were evaluated and 51 084 people without asthma were used as the comparison cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to measure the HR of dementia for the asthmatic cohort, compared with that of the non-asthmatic cohort.ResultsThe HR of dementia was 1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15 to 1.41) for the asthmatic cohort, compared with the non-asthmatic cohort after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, annual outpatient department visits and medicine used. The HR of dementia development increased substantially as frequency of asthma exacerbation and hospitalisation increased.ConclusionsThis nationwide cohort study suggests that the risk of dementia development is significantly increased in patients with asthma compared with that of the general population. In addition, dementia risk increases substantially with asthma exacerbation and hospitalisation frequency increases.

IntroductionEvidence from epidemiology, neuroimaging, and animal models indicates that asthma adversely affects the brain, but the nature and extent of neuropathophysiological impact remain unclear.MethodsWe tested the hypothesis that asthma is a risk factor for dementia by comparing cognitive performance and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of glial activation/neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in 60 participants with asthma to 315 non‐asthma age‐matched control participants (45–93 years), in a sample enriched for AD risk.ResultsParticipants with severe asthma had higher neurogranin concentrations compared to controls and those with mild asthma. Positive relationships between cardiovascular risk and concentrations of neurogranin and α‐synuclein were amplified in severe asthma. Severe asthma also amplified the deleterious associations that apolipoprotein E ε4 carrier status, cardiovascular risk, and phosphorylated tau181/amyloid beta42 have with rate of cognitive decline.DiscussionOur data suggest that severe asthma is associated with synaptic degeneration and may compound risk for dementia posed by cardiovascular disease and genetic predisposition.HighlightsThose with severe asthma showed evidence of higher dementia risk than controls evidenced by: higher levels of the synaptic degeneration biomarker neurogranin regardless of cognitive status, cardiovascular or genetic risk, and controlling for demographics.steeper increase in levels of synaptic degeneration biomarkers neurogranin and α‐synuclein with increasing cardiovascular risk.accelerated cognitive decline with higher cardiovascular risk, genetic predisposition, or pathological tau.

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested an association between asthma and dementia, but the results are still inconsistent. MethodsUsing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, we enrolled 11,030 participants aged more than 45 years with asthma and 44,120 (1:4) age-/sex-matched controls between 1998 and 2008, and followed them to the end of 2011. Cases of any dementia or Alzheimer's disease that developed during the follow-up period were identified. ResultsAsthma was associated with an increased risk of developing any dementia [hazard ratio (HR): 2.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.87–2.52] and Alzheimer's disease (HR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.71–4.02). Stratified by age, both asthma in midlife (>45 years and <65 years) and in late life (≥65 years) was associated with a greater likelihood of any dementia (HR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.80–3.41; HR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.74–2.44). DiscussionAsthma in midlife and in late life increased the risk of developing any dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanisms between asthma and dementia require further investigation.

Objective. The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation between the FeNO (fractional exhaled nitric oxide) value and asthma severity. Material and method. A prospective study including 48 children aged 5 to 18 years, who have been diagnosed with asthma in „Victor Gomoiu” Children Clinical Hospital between May 2012 – November 2013, has been initiated. In the first stage of the study both the diagnosis and the degree of severity of asthma, using GINA 2008 guideline criteria, have been established, and the FeNO value has been measured before beginning any controller therapy. For the persistent asthma forms the controller therapy has been initiated, adapted to provide the controlled asthma status. In the next stage, after GINA 2014 guideline was published, a second classification of asthma, based on the degree of severity, has been performed, by taking into account the treatment step necessary to maintain the controlled asthma status, according to this new guide. Finally the correlation between FeNO value and the degree of asthma severity has been assessed, using first the asthma classification from GINA 2008 guideline and then the asthma classification from GINA 2014 guideline. Results. Among those 48 children included in the study 29 had normal FeNO value and 19 elevated FeNO value. According to GINA 2008 guideline criteria they have been included in the following severity asthma forms: 6 patients intermittent asthma, 27 patients mild persistent asthma, 14 patients moderate persistent asthma and 1 patient severe persistent asthma. According to GINA 2014 guideline criteria 25 patients have been labeled as mild asthma, 22 as moderate asthma and 1 as severe asthma. The statistic assessment of the correlation between asthma severity form according to GINA 2008 guideline and FeNO value provided a value of p = 0,278 and for the correlation between FeNO value and asthma severity form according to GINA 2014 guideline provided a value of p = 0,0468. Conclusion. FeNO value is not correlated with asthma severity as resulted from GINA 2008 guideline classification, but is correlated with asthma severity as resulted from GINA 2014 guideline classification.

Asthma is a disease caused by disorders in the respiratory tract due to allergies or genetics. It cannot be cured, but it can be controlled. With medical treatment and proper self-management, asthma patients can achieve a good asthma symptoms control level. One of the factors affecting asthma control is knowledge about asthma. This study aims to determine the correlation between knowledge of asthma and asthma symptoms control level at Medan Pulmonology Hospital. This research uses a descriptive correlation research design. Seventy-three respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. They are the asthma patients in the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) of Medan Pulmonology Hospital. This research also used questionnaires of knowledge and asthma symptoms control; then, the results were analyzed. The study results indicated that most asthmatic patients were categorized as having less level knowledge of asthma with 38 respondents (52.1%). In addition, most asthma patients have uncontrolled asthma type with 37 respondents (50.7%). This shows that there is a correlation between level knowledge of asthma and asthma symptoms control level with p = 0.034. Furthermore, Nurses can use this study to provide nursing care and control asthma symptoms to asthmatic patients.

Objective: A meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between asthma and dementia, aimed to provide initial exploration for further etiolotical/preventive/clinical discussion. Methods: A systematic search of Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library databases was conducted to screening evidence. Cohort/case control studies that are focused on the association between asthma and the onset of dementia were identified in the current meta-analysis. The search time frame was from database establishment to August, 1st, 2023, with independent reviewers screening the literature. The quality of the literature was evaluated by Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). R 4.3.2 was used in data analysis. Results: 9 studies including 234248 participants were included. The overall quality of the included studies was high, with an average NOS score of over 8. The results of the meta-analysis in the current study confirmed that there is an association between asthma and cognitive dysfunction. It is noteworthy that the significant association was found between all-severity levels-of-asthma and the risk of onset of all-types-of-dementia when we define it as dichotomous variable. Moreover, subgroup analysis revealed a high risk of dementia in specific asthma patients. Conclusion: Our findings showed a significant increase in the risk of dementia among patients with asthma, and this risk is not affected by the types of dementia, however it seems especially obviously among specific asthma patients.

There is a strong link between asthma and metabolic syndrome. This relationship has been shown by various researchers. A bidirectional relationship exists between asthma and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to access the correlation between metabolic syndrome and asthma Using internet search, a comprehensive literature review was done and words such as asthma, respiratory problems, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance were searched from Google scholar, Yahoo, Pubmed, Medline, Web MD, Scopus to check for various articles published on this subject. The references of the relevant articles were also searched. Analyses of results of various studies from various parts of the world were considered and their prevalences were noted to access the correlation between asthma and metabolic syndrome. Obesity, which is a component of metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for asthma. This study concludes with evidences from various studies that there is a strong link between asthma and metabolic syndrome.

We investigated the correlation between patients' characteristics, including anxiety and depression, and the level of asthma control evaluated by asthma control test (ACT), a self-administered validated questionnaire. This is a cross-sectional study on asthmatic outpatients of three Italian hospitals. Demographic data, spirometry, anxiety and depression scores as well as the level of asthma control from 315 patients were collected. Patients with poorly controlled asthma were more frequently women, older, with a worse pulmonary function, obese, more anxious and/or more depressed. Four different independent factors associated with poor asthma control evaluated by ACT have been found: FEV(1)<60% (odds ratio, OR: 6.52), anxiety (OR: 3.76), age > or =65 years (OR: 2.69), and depression (OR: 2.45). The presence of anxiety and depression was associated with a higher healthcare utilization. Finally, we found a high level of agreement between ACT and multidimensional GINA approach in evaluating asthma control, with a concordance in 239 patients (81% of the population). There is a close correlation between anxiety and depression, and a poor asthma. A better understanding of this association may have major clinical implications, mainly in patients with poor controlled asthma in whom the presence of anxiety and depression should be investigated.

Background: .Atopic Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that based on an allergic reaction involving many cells and IL-33. Activation of Th2 cells by IL-33 as a result inhalation of allergens will affect dendritic cells in the airways to activate Th0 cells which in turn would activate Th2 cells to release other cytokines. These cytokines further increase the IgE and stimulates the release of mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins and quinine, which causes the onset of clinical symptoms of asthma. The degree of asthma control directly reflects the effectiveness of treatment Interventions. Objective: To assess the correlation between the degree of disease control and serum levels of IL-33 in atopic asthma. Methods: A cross sectional study of 40 patients with atopic asthma at Hasanuddin University Hospital Makassar, aged 18-55 year old; and 20 controls. Patients with atopic asthma was underwent bronchodilator and skin prick test, also assessed for ACT. All subjects were checked for serum level of IL-33. Results The mean ages was 31.7±9.0 years. The mean serum levels of IL-33 was 1735,1 and the mean ACT score was 20.6. The mean serum levels of IL-33 in atopic asthma (1864.6) was significantly higher than controls (1476.2; p Conclusion: There is correlation between atopic asthma and serum levels of IL-33, while degree of asthma control is not correlated with atopic asthma.