This study investigates the evolution of U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports and evaluates their impact on global energy market dynamics—particularly in terms of prices, energy security, and environmental quality—over the period 1990–2022. The research employs an econometric framework incorporating LNG exports (X), domestic natural gas production (PL gaz), and GDP growth rate a sin dependent variables, while carbon dioxide emissions (CO₂ E) serve as the dependent variable re presenting environmental quality. The analysis applies the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)bounds testing approach and cointegration techniques to explore the short- and long-run dynamics among the variables. The empirical findings indicate that U.S. LNG exports have experienced substantial growth over the last decade, reaching approximately 88.3 million tons in 2024, with projections suggesting further expansion to around 16.4 billion cubic feet per day by 2026. This upward trend has been driven by technological advancements, large-scale infrastructure investments, and growing global demand, particularly from European and Asian markets. Nevertheless, this expansion has also introduced environmental challenges and regulatory pressures, underscoring the urgent need for balanced policies that promote sectoral sustainability while mitigating adverse climate impacts. The econometric results further demonstrate that, in the long run, the expansion of LNG exports has a significant and positive effect on carbon dioxide emissions in the United States. Additionally, per capita GDP growth emerges as a key factor contributing to higher carbon emissions, alongside a strong positive long-term association between CO₂ emissions and domestic natural gas production. These results highlight the necessity of integrating environmental sustainability into future strategies for the continued development of the U.S. LNG export sector.

Various developments, particularly during a period marked by the emergence of the digitalrevolution and concepts of globalisation, have increased the need to provide services that arecompatible with technological and scientific progress and to implement e-government at the localcommunity level. and the pursuit of improving the performance of local communities, given theimportant and vital role played by local communities, especially after connecting all municipalbranches to the fibre optic network, with the aim of improving the performance of localcommunities through the digitisation of civil status records, passports, national identity cards andbiometric driving licences, in addition to implementing e-government in public procurement andthe electoral process, especially after confirming that the most significant instances of publicmoney squandering and financial corruption were in public procurement, and that election resultswere not credible due to double voting, fraud and manipulation of election results.

This study assesses the economic cost of waiting time and its influence on passenger satisfaction within the public bus system of Batna City, Algeria. Based on survey data from 350 passengers, the analysis reveals a significant discrepancy between actual and perceived waiting times, with a mean of 12.3 and 15.1 minutes, respectively. This psychological overvaluation triples the cost, resulting in a subjective perceived cost of 151 DZD per trip compared to an objective economic cost of 51 DZD derived from average hourly income. Regression analysis demonstrates that the objective economic cost is a stronger predictor of passenger satisfaction (β = -0.532) than raw waiting time alone. The findings underscore that dissatisfaction is driven more by the monetized value of lost time than its mere duration. Consequently, public transport operators should adopt a dual strategy of improving operational efficiency to reduce actual waits and investing in passenger information and amenities to mitigate perceived waiting time.

Corruption crimes pose a serious threat to the national economy and its components, as they lead to the squandering of public wealth and the plundering of national resources. This necessitates the adoption of effective mechanisms to recover the proceeds of crime. In this context, "confiscation" emerges as one of the most important legal tools enabling the state to recover funds and property resulting from corruption crimes and deprive perpetrators of their benefits. Pursuant to Law No. 06-01 of February 20, 2006, on the prevention and fight against corruption and its subsequent amendments, the Algerian legislature introduced a sophisticated confiscation system, in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003), ratified by Algeria. This system includes confiscation based on a conviction and confiscation without a conviction, preceded in some cases by a precautionary measure, namely freezing or seizure. This mechanism raises fundamental legal issues: How did the Algerian legislature organize the substantive and procedural provisions for the confiscation of the proceeds of corruption crimes? What is the legal basis upon which it regulated its provisions at the domestic and international levels? To answer this problem, the research was divided into two axes: the first: the concept of confiscation, and the second: confiscation procedures.

The study addresses the research question of how ICT infrastructure can promote competitive advantage based on cloud accounting in Jordanian banks and moderated by the efficiency of cybersecurity. The issue discussed is the lack of knowledge about the ways in which secure ICT systems can be strategically used to transform financial operations within a digitally developing banking sector. Based on the paradigm of Design Scientific Research, the research design adopted a qualitative conceptual design, secondary data and expert opinion were used to produce a theoretical framework based on the Resource-Based View and the Market-Based View. The findings indicate that an efficient ICT infrastructure supports timely decision-making, flexibility in operations, and cost-efficiency, and that cybersecurity supplements such performance significantly. The study recommends investing additional capital into safe cyber infrastructure and regulatory disclosure. Among the implications are the ability to position cybersecurity as a strategic enabler and the ability to view cloud accounting as a fundamental source of sustained competitive advantage in emerging economies.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has historically been conceptualized through classicaldiagnostic frameworks such as the DSM and ICD, which categorize the condition based onobservable behavioral criteria, including deficits in social communication and repetitivebehaviors. While these systems have standardized diagnosis, they have been criticized for theircategorical rigidity and lack of sensitivity to the heterogeneity and complexity of autisticprofiles. Recent advances in neuroscience and cognitive psychology offer a paradigm shifttoward a more nuanced understanding of ASD. Neurocognitive models emphasize the role ofatypical brain connectivity, executive function impairments, theory of mind deficits, anddifferences in sensory integration and information processing. These insights challenge thetraditional behavioral lens and propose a dimensional and integrative approach that reflectsindividual variability.This article aims to critically compare the classical classification systems with emergingneurocognitive perspectives, highlighting their implications for diagnosis, intervention, andsocial inclusion. Through a review of recent literature and empirical evidence, it seeks to bridgethe gap between medical taxonomy and the lived experience of individuals with autism,advocating for a more comprehensive and personalized model of understanding ASD.

This study aimed to explore the possibility of predicting the variable of citizenship through the dimensions of election. To achieve the study's objective, a citizenship and election scale comprising 22 items was utilised. The study sample consisted of 264 citizens. The results indicated that the level of awareness of the concept of citizenship among the study sample was moderate and that there was a positive correlation between citizenship and voting in elections. The results of the linear regression analysis further revealed that citizenship could be predicted through the dimensions of election

This study investigates how macroeconomic and microeconomic variables influence stock market returns in Egypt as an emerging country and Germany as a dveloped country. Using companies data, macroeconomic indicators and panel models, it examines inflation, exchange rate, interest rate, debt to equity rato, quick ratio and dividend per share. The findings show that broad economic conditions explain most of variation in returns, 41.8% in Egypt, and 51.3% in Germany. Inflation affects both markets differently, exchange rates boost returns, while increasing interest rates affect egypt more. Microeconomic factors have limited effects with debt to equity and liquidity showing partial signifcance. Overall, the findings highlight how different economic conditions shape the stock market returns.

This study examines how remote work influences organizational commitment through the mediating roles of job satisfaction and work–life balance. Drawing on survey data from 300 Korean employees, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relationships. The model demonstrated excellent fit (χ²(1) = 0.008, p = .929; CFI = 1.000; RMSEA = 0.000, PCLOSE = .951). Results showed that remote work positively and significantly affects both job satisfaction (β = 0.466, p < .001) and work–life balance (β = 0.410, p < .001), which in turn significantly predict organizational commitment (β = 0.590 and β = 0.166, respectively). Bootstrapped mediation analysis indicated that both indirect effects were significant, jointly explaining nearly half of the variance in commitment (R² = 0.485). Job satisfaction emerged as the stronger mediator, suggesting that psychological fulfillment exerts a greater influence than lifestyle flexibility alone. These findings demonstrate that flexible work arrangements enhance commitment primarily through employees' affective responses rather than structural conditions. The study advances sustainable human resource management theory by integrating affective and work-design perspectives, positioning satisfaction and balance as central to social sustainability. Practically, it underscores the need for managerial trust, autonomy, and boundary management to foster commitment in digitally enabled work environments.

English reading is regarded as an important way for students to obtain information and enlarge vocabulary. Reading ability of students always significantly influences the English comprehensive skills. Meanwhile, multidisciplinary integration requires active thinking ability to cope with various and more flexible questions in English reading comprehension. Therefore, employing mind map in English reading comprehension teaching will be beneficial to students. Passages can be connected through key words or phrases and graphics. Students can not only understand passages as a whole, but also command the details. In this way, students’ reading ability and reading strategy will be facilitated dramatically.The researcher selects 50 students as participants from one class of a junior high school in Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province. The study will last for two terms. Students will taught by the means of mind map in reading comprehension teaching in the second term while they will be lectured with the traditional method in the first term. The SPSS analysis of pre-test and post test scores showed that students after implementing mind map based teaching performed better than after implementing traditional method, indicating that the reading level and ability of students have been improved with the most remarkable enhancement the most remarkable enhancement at interpretive comprehension from low to moderate, then at literal comprehension remaining moderate, with value increasing. The evaluative comprehension stay the same as low. They can better utilize reading strategies to complete reading comprehension. This study suggests that using mind maps in middle school English reading teaching is effective.