This research investigates the efficacy of Jatamayadi Kashayadhara in managing pre-hypertension and its subsequent impact on the quality of life. Given the rising global prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, and the significant proportion of undiagnosed cases, this study aims to explore an alternative Ayurvedic intervention to mitigate disease progression and improve patient outcomes. Methodology: This pilot study utilized a randomized controlled trial design, employing a purposive sampling method to select participants diagnosed with pre-hypertension based on established clinical guidelines. A total of 50 participants were enrolled, equally divided into an experimental group receiving Jatamayadi Kashaya shirodhara and a control group receiving a jala Dhara (shirodhara with Jala), ensuring adequate statistical power for comparative analysis. Findings: The experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to the control group, suggesting the therapeutic potential of Jatamayadi Kashayashirodhara in managing pre-hypertension. Furthermore, participants in the experimental group reported a marked improvement in their overall quality of life, as measured by the WHO’s QOL Scale, indicating a broader beneficial impact beyond mere blood pressure regulation. Originality/Value: This study provides novel insights into the potential of Ayurvedic treatments for early-stage hypertension, offering a holistic approach to patient care that extends beyond conventional pharmacological interventions. Hypertension, a significant public health concern, continues to be a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a substantial portion of the global hypertensive population residing in low- and middle-income nations. Limitation: Despite its critical impact, the pathogenesis of hypertension is not yet fully understood in Ayurvedic philosophy, highlighting the need for continued research into its diagnosis and treatment through traditional perspectives. Implication: This study's findings have profound implications for public health strategies, particularly in regions where conventional medical resources may be limited or where there is a cultural inclination towards traditional medicine. This underscores the importance of integrating traditional systems like Ayurveda into modern healthcare frameworks to provide comprehensive and culturally sensitive approaches to chronic disease management.

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures are common in elderly and surgical treatment like Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) fixation is often used for early mobilization and to reduce the risks associated with prolonged immobilization. However, the outcomes may vary based on the different fracture patterns and conditions of the bone. Aim of the study: To evaluate the functional outcome and radiological evaluation of intertrochanteric fracture (Kyle’s type 1 and 2) treated with Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS). Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, BSMMU, Dhaka, from Sept 2022 to Sept 2024. Within this period, 26 patients were selected after fulfilling the selection criteria, and they had undergone DHS fixation. Assessment was done preoperatively and postoperatively on the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 9th months. Pain status was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score. Functional outcomes were measured by the Harris Hip Score, perioperative events, and the radiological union was noted postoperatively. Standard statistical analysis was used to process and analyze the data using the software ‘Statistical Package for Social Science’ (SPSS) version 25, IBM®, Armonk, USA. For all analyses, a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The average age of patients was 67.73±10.26 years, with 77% of the study population > 60 years. Females accounted for 61.5% of cases. 76.9% of the patients had at least one major comorbidity. 50% were osteoporotic. 84.6% of cases occurred due to simple falls. 53.8% of cases had type 1 and 46.2% were type 2 fracture patterns. 57.7% had involvement of the left limb. The mean operative time was 66.81 ± 8.11 minutes. 80.8% of patients had a Tip Apex Distance (TAD) of <25mm. The fracture union was achieved at an average of 16.62 ± 2.38 weeks. The VAS and HHS scores improved significantly from 7.8±0.95 to 1.04±0.92 and 87.12±5.92, respectively. 42.3% had excellent, 42.3% had good, and 15.4% had fair outcomes. Improved HHS scores were observed more in male patients, Kyle’s type 1, and with a <25mm. Conclusion: Dynamic Hip Screw fixation for intertrochanteric fracture is an effective and safe procedure with significantly improved functional outcomes. Kyle’s type 1 showed relatively better functional outcomes with a lower rate of postoperative complications than Kyle’s type 2. Also, Better outcomes were observed in male patients and TAD <25mm.

Ptosis is drooping of the upper lid to a level that covers more than 2 mm of the superior cornea, sometimes known as "lazy eye". Ptosis is generally unilateral in over 70% of individuals. This may be due to a hypoplasia or dystrophy or paralysis of the levator palpebrae superioris. It may be congenital or acquired. Depending upon the cause acquired ptosis can be neurogenic, myogenic, aponeurotic or mechanical. Ptosis may be the presenting sign or symptom of a serious neurologic disease. Regardless of the etiology, when ptosis obstructs vision, it is disabling. This condition can be either uniocular or binocular. If the condition is left untreated, it can lead to complications. Surgical intervention is the only line of treatment mentioned for ptosis in contemporary science. The appropriate management requires recognition of the underlying cause. Depending upon the sign and symptoms, Ptosis can be compared with Vatahata Vartma, is a painful or painless condition of Vartma where in the Vartma-Shuklagata Sandhi is afflicted by vitiated Vata dosha leading to Vimukta Sandhi (functional deterioration of the Vartmashuklagata Sandhi in which palpebral fissure remains open), Nischeshta (lids loose the power of mobility, i.e., lid lag), Nimilayati (inability to close the eyelids). A 55‑year‑old diabetic and hypertensive female patient presenting with sign and symptoms of Ptosis (bilateral) since past 05 years, also taken Injection botox 08 times in the past, was treated with a combination of Ayurvedic oral medication and external therapies for a duration of 08 days like Nasya, Shirodhara, Shiropichu, Padabhyanga and Shiroabhyanga. After completion of the treatment, significant improvement was recorded.

Context: CitrakatriphaladiLeha is a classical polyherbal formulation documented in the Ashvavaidyakam (KasaRogaCikitsaAdhyaya 34:24), traditionally indicated for managing SleshmikaKasa (phlegmatic cough) in equines. With increasing interest in traditional veterinary medicine, its revival and standardization have become relevant. Aims: To prepare and standardize CitrakatriphaladiLeha using classical Ayurvedic procedures to ensure reproducibility and practical relevance for equine respiratory care. Settings and Design: The study was conducted as a pharmaceutical standardization project within a classical Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana laboratory, focusing on veterinary applications. Methods and Material: Authenticated raw materials were used. Individual ingredients were powdered using a mechanical pulverizer. The formulation was prepared using Madhu as the base, incorporating Mardana (trituration) until the desired Leha consistency was attained. Observations regarding processing time, texture, and physical stability were recorded. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive observations; no inferential statistics were applied due to the qualitative nature of the study. Results: The Leha attained optimal consistency after 20–30 minutes of Mardana. The final product exhibited a smooth, homogenous texture and remained physically stable at room temperature. The process was reproducible, with consistent results across batches. Conclusions: CitrakatriphaladiLeha is a promising Ayurvedic formulation for KaphajaKasa in horses. The preparation followed classical guidelines and yielded a stable, palatable formulation. It is suitable for veterinary use, and further pharmacological and safety studies are recommended to support its broader application.

Background: The increasing participation of women in the workforce has brought new opportunities and challenges, particularly concerning mental health. Balancing professional responsibilities with family and societal expectations often leads to psychological distress, affecting both well-being and productivity. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the levels of psychological well-being and distress among working women across various occupational sectors and to identify the socio-demographic and occupational factors influencing them. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 working women representing diverse professions, including education, healthcare, corporate, and government sectors. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and standardized scales-the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Findings revealed that 42% of participants experienced psychological distress, with stress, anxiety, and depression being the most common manifestations. Younger age, long working hours, job insecurity, and lack of workplace support were significant predictors of distress, while social support and job satisfaction emerged as protective factors. Conclusion: Psychological distress among working women is a multifaceted issue requiring urgent attention. Workplace mental health policies, flexible work arrangements, and gender-sensitive interventions are essential to promote well-being. Enhancing psychological health among women will ultimately contribute to a healthier, more productive, and equitable workforce.

The Internet, widely seen as the most significant innovation of the 21st century, has profoundly revolutionized worldwide interconnectedness, facilitating unprecedented proximity among individuals. The advancements in computing and communication technology have facilitated the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), which represents the next generation of the Internet. Due to the swift growth in population and urbanization, cities need to transform into Smart Cities, a process that can be aided by the Internet of Things (IoT). Efficient management of water is essential for human survival, making smart water management systems a vital component of Smart Cities. This article examines a range of technologies and platforms that are necessary for establishing a smart environment. The text presents an architectural blueprint for intelligent water management and explores the specifics of implementing a smart water monitoring system.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely escalating chronic disease and most common in elder person. Gliclazide nanoparticles (GCZNPs) were prepared using solvent evaporation technique. Prepared nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, drug entrapment, in vitro drug release. The compatibility between drug and excipients was examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The particle size of prepared GCZNPs was found to be in ranged from 295.5 to 720.04 nm. The drug entrapment efficiency of GCZNPs was in range 50.67 to 79.16 %. The percentage of drug loading was found 14.1 to 36.78. The optimized formulation, PLA 50 and PVA 0.45, 36.885 % of drug loading, resulted in 78.630 % of entrapment efficiency, particle size of 277.04 nm and released 75.43 % in 10 hrs. Conclusively, solid lipid nanoparticles of GCZ were successfully formulated with higher drug entrapment and could serve as promising delivery for poorly soluble drug.

The targeted drug delivery is one of the key areas of research in the field of pharmaceutical science for delivery of drug molecules to specific organ and tissue. The main aim of targeted drug delivery system is to improve bioavailability of drug molecules to delivery site and minimized the toxicity and side effects of by controlling the release properties of drug. Hydrogel is widely used for controlled drug delivery, but traditional hydrogel has some drawback. In order to overcome the drawbacks of traditional hydrogels, hydrogels nanocomposition system (HYGs-NC) were developed. HYGs-NCis composed of different types of nanoparticles or nanostructures in the hydrogel network, due to their porous and hydrated molecular structurethey entrap large amount of therapeutic agent. The aim of HYGs-NC is to enhance the mechanical, electrical, and biological properties of hydrogel compared to traditional hydrogel. Nanocomposition hydrogel are used for wound dressings, biosensors, actuators, contact lenses, tissue replacement, and cancer drug delivery.In this chapter we discuss about the recent advancement in naocomposition hydrogel, different type of nanocomposit hydrogels, method of synthesis, characterization and their biological or pharmaceutical application as novel drug delivery system. Each type of nanocomposit hydrogels has specific properties to improve interaction between the hydrogel polymer and nanoparticles to enhance the desirable properties for targeted drug delivery applications.

The convergence of industrial operations with Internet of Things (IoT) paradigms has engendered smart industrial networks characterized by heightened interconnectivity and data volume. While this integration augments operational efficiency, it simultaneously expands the attack surface, rendering traditional, signature-based risk assessment methods inadequate for identifying sophisticated, context-dependent threats. This paper posits a novel framework, Adaptive Graph-Large Language Model (LLM) Fusion, designed to achieve nuanced, context-aware risk assessment. By synergistically combining the structural relational analysis capabilities of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with the profound semantic understanding of LLMs, the proposed model dynamically interprets multi-modal network data. The GNN component explicitly models the complex interdependencies among network entities as a graph, capturing topological vulnerabilities. Concurrently, the LLM component processes unstructured data streams, such as system logs and threat intelligence reports, to extract semantic context and infer adversarial intent. An adaptive fusion mechanism dynamically weighs the contributions of both graph-based and semantic insights, enabling a holistic evaluation of risk that is sensitive to the evolving network context. Preliminary evaluations on a simulated industrial control system dataset demonstrate the framework's superior performance in detecting stealthy, multi-stage cyber-physical attacks compared to state-of-the-art monolithic approaches, highlighting its potential as a cornerstone for next-generation industrial cybersecurity.

Background: Maternal pelvic morphology and height influence delivery outcomes. Pelvises can be classified as Gynecoid, android, anthropoid, and platypelloid pelvis. Short heighted females have more chances of contracted pelvis as compared to heighted females which have broader pelvis. This study explores the association between maternal height and pelvic types, and their effect on delivery mode among women in Rahim Yar Khan. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 384 postpartum women aged 18–35 years was conducted at Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Maternal height was taken using stadiometer and pelvic types were measured via X-ray pelvimetry. Statistical tests assessed associations with delivery modes. Findings: 38% of women had gynecoid pelvis, 25% android, 22% anthropoid, and 15% platypelloid. Vaginal delivery was more frequent in women with gynecoid pelvis (82%) and taller height. A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to calculate the relationship of maternal height to the type of bony pelvis. The results showed a positive correlation between maternal height and the presence of a gynecoid pelvis (r = 0.35, p < 0.01), suggesting that taller women are more likely to have a gynecoid pelvis, which is favorable for vaginal delivery. Conversely, a negative correlation between maternal height and the presence of an android pelvis (r = -0.28, p<0.05) was seen, indicating that shorter women ae more likely to have an android pelvis, which may complicate vaginal delivery. Interpretation: Maternal height is associated with the types of bony pelvis and can significantly influence the mode of delivery. Study concluded a substantial correlation of the maternal height with the mode of delivery. The taller women were more likely to have gynecoid pelvis, favorable for vaginal delivery. X-ray pelvimetry remains a valuable tool in low-resource settings.