Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze and design a virtual collaboration information system of the Jamu supply chain network based on a fair adaptive contract to respond to stability challenges in business with an uncertainty environment condition. Design/Methodology/Approach – System entity approach is used for the purpose of system analysis and then case, sequence diagram, class diagram, graph data modeling, and business process modeling and Notation verse 2 (BPMN2.0) are also used to design the system concept. Each process of the connecting event and gateways was arranged with relevant multicriteria decision approach, whilst an adaptive quantitative formulation based on prescriptive analytics was embedded to ensure a fair contract implementation during the terms for all sphere roles in supply chain. Findings – The results and implications of this model emphasizes on the knowledge, competence, trust, and fair (KCTF) for actors’ adoption to improve supply chain stability and implementation. Practical Implications – This led actors to collaborate their business in a more effective way. Originality/Value – This model can reach more stability in the uncertainty environment.

Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the causational effect of both internal and external motivation with learning outcomes at a peripheral university in the province of Aceh. It also aims to evaluate which of the two factors possess stronger impact on the other across different genders.Design/Methodology/Approach – The model of research utilizes quantitative approach. Using the questionnaires as data gathering methodology, it is designed to understand aspects of both internal and external motivation which influences the results. Correlational information was then derived from the data using SPSS software. Then, data were elaborated for more detail and ease of reading for readers.Findings – The results obtained from this research showed that there was no relationship between both internal and external motivation with students grades. Claiming to have relatively high motivation, still students failed to attain good grades. Observed individually, no apparent relationship was visible from each aspect. The finding also suggested that there was no difference impact was visible across different gender. Both genders, male and female, in this university did not show any significant correlation between motivation and grades.Research Limitations/Implications – Unlike many findings on similar studies, the research found out that motivation cannot be utilized as predictor to predict grades in the peripheral university. New approaches should be developed to find out working predictors for students grades.Practical Implications – To understand influencing aspects for students’ grades attainment, more and or other variables should be utilized. Both internal and external motivation factors failed to predict students’ grades.Originality/Value – Research on students learning motivation specifically at peripheral university was much been studied. Keywords Peripheral University Intrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation English class performances Citation Azhari, T. and Dauyah, E. (2018), "Learning Motivation of Peripheral University Students and its Relation with their English Grades", Proceedings of MICoMS 2017 (Emerald Reach Proceedings Series, Vol. 1), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 473-478. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-793-1-00028 Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2018, Teuku Azhari, Ema Dauyah. License Published in the Emerald Reach Proceedings Series. Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode 1. Introduction Motivation is considerably significant feature that educationalists target to advance learning. Experts have had a long discussion about the association between motivation and language learning. (Lin and Warschauer, 2011; Tremblay and Gardner, 1995) stated that “The concept of language learning motivation has become a central component of a number of L2 acquisition.” Gardner’s social psychological approach has been widely utilized until late 1990s. Even believed as separate entities, (Covington and Mueller, 2001) “Motivation provides the primary impetus to initiate learning (Deci, Koestner, and Ryan, 2001) the L2 and later the driving force to sustain the long and often tedious learning process” (Dornyei, 1998). Research also indicated that those with higher motivation are more successful and efficient in their learning (Soureshjani, 2011). Motivation has been highly linked to Tremblay, Gardner, Dornyei, etc. Gardner proposed three major constructs toward understanding motivation: (a) integrative motives, (b) attitude motives, and (c) socio-educational motives (Dornyei, 2009). Dornyei (1998) perceives motivation as a process and an explanation of behavior; “a mental processes that lead to the initiation and maintenance of action” and has shifted from stimuli and reinforcement contingencies and instead emphasizes on learners. Motivation determines learners’ degree of involvement in L2 learning. It is, therefore, without sufficient motivation, one will not exert their maximum capacity in language achievement (Leila Anjomshoa, 2015). One prominent view on motivation was intrinsic and extrinsic (Dornyei, 2009). Angraini (2011) divided factor of motivation into two: internal and external factors. She further proposed internal factor such as the motivation toward the knowledge to study and orientation to attend college. These two widely are known and well-used terms that have been in central attention of many researchers. Motivation ties hand in hand with feeling and emotion (Powell, 2005; Gheisari, 2017) and shift from classroom condition toward utilitarian, thus reducing teacher factor in the process (Nikolov, 1999). Often perceived as separated entities, recent views recognize them as combined factors, self-determination (Dornyei, 1998). This research paper aimed to evaluate motivation in a deeper sense. Researcher aimed at analyzing how motivations impact the study of a language in student. The study was undertaken to answer three main questions: (i) do intrinsic and extrinsic motivation have positive influence on students the performance in English, (ii) which of the two provide stronger influence on performance, and (iii) does it have different effect across the gender. To answer the research questions, questionnaires are distributed to 50 students at Universitas Abulyatama Aceh Besar. The questionnaires were designed in Likert scale which composed of 5 demographic questions, 20 questions on intrinsic motivation, and 30 questions on extrinsic motivation. Data finding was then processed using SPSS software to observe the regression of each aspect of the motivation. The questionnaires were designed under the hypotheses that they all contribute to students’ achievement including on English grade. 2. Methods Adopting Anggraini’s model of motivation, researcher then formulated questionnaires to find the data needed in this research. These model questionnaires analyze internal and external elements in formulating one’s English language learning motivation. The questionnaires comprise of three: (i) background information, (ii) intrinsic motivation, and (iii) extrinsic motivation. Pearson’s test indicated that the questionnaires were significant (0.06) and, therefore, may be used. 2.1. Sample and population Population of this study was peripheral universities in Aceh. Researcher nominated University Abulyatama (Unaya, Aceh Besar) as the sample as it goes with study criteria. The university is situated at city outskirt, but is accessible easily. Adopting stratified random sampling, questionnaires were distributed randomly across gender, semester and major. To analyze the data, SPSS software was used. Here, we converted data, run descriptive statistics, regression, and ANOVA. Regression was selected to evaluate if Independent variables (intrinsic and extrinsic motivation), variable X, impact positively on the dependent variable (English Grade), variable Y. ANOVA test was castoff to study if both predictors have impact toward the grade. We also analyze separately from gender point of view to understand if the result is the same across different gender. 3. Results First stage was data transformation. Researcher then run one sample statistic test to study the significant of both IM and EM categories. It was later found out that both of the categories are statistically significant (0.00). Opens in a new window.Figure 1.Distribution of Responses by Histogram charts in Figure 1 elaborate the distribution of students’ response from each aspect, IM and EM. In IM chart, the distribution relatively packed in the middle (3.5–4.5). Meanwhile, on the EM chart, the response is distinctly high at center of the graph, 3.8, and formed a well-distributed curve for the others. Table 1. ANOVA Test Model R R2 Adjusted R2 Std. Error of the Estimate 1 0.238a 0.057 0.004 0.55837 R2 in Table 1 indicated that the model was accounted for 57% (0.57). This means that IM and EM can only predict 57% of the result. Forty-three percent of others, however, are not covered by this model. However, there is a huge gap between R2 and adjusted R2 (57 & 4). Even though the model is proven to be statistically significant, internal issues might occur which drastically reduced the significance of the model. Regression analysis shows that both IM and EM have no significance and influence over dependent variables. With both of the score above 0.05, both aspects provided no significance towards English grades. Finally, ANOVA test resulted in high score (0.350). The coefficient level from the test also yielded high score. Running regression test for each sub-aspect separately, interestingly enough, yielded a different result. One sub-aspect, quality of lecturer, is proven to be significant to predict student English grade. The rest, four others, are proven not statistically significant. When compared between gender and grade, it was found that no significant correlation occurred. The correlation was negative. Findings also showed that students’ English grade varied one to another. Of 47 respondents, 39 students gave up their grades, while 9 others did not. From these valid input, it was found that 13 students (27.7%) got A, 24 students (51.1%) got B, and 2 students (4.3%) got C. This showed us that, on an average, students managed to score B in English class. 4. Discussion The pattern used in this study indicated 57% reliability. The remaining gap, which also influenced the grades, was not covered here. Other test results, ANOVA, signposted low correlation thus degrading the fact that internal and external factors do influence students’ grades in English subject. We predict that social environment such as parental support, social status, friends, and target essential to consider these factors in the future research. Language culture may also be responsible for students’ grade achievement. Of all sub-question, five sub-questions, only sub-question number 4 which is lecturer quality that has positive correlation with students’ English grade. The rest, four others, are proven not statistically significant. These were actually contrary to the previous beliefs that the five sub-questions contributed positively to student’ achievement. Evaluated as two separate items, it was found that neither IM nor EM contributed positively to English grade achievement. Results indicated that all predictors failed to detect the cause. Majority respondents believed that they have high intrinsic motivation, as specified in the histogram graph. However, these were not apparent in their grades. Running frequency test on English grades, I found that most students got B (51.1%), about half got A (27.7%), and last two students, however, got C. English does not seem to be favorite class for many students, or at least not their best at. Only one-third (1/3) achieved best grades while others did not. Gender, lastly, does not have any strong correlation with grade. This is to say that gender does not provide significant information to determine students’ grade, especially in English. Thus, this cannot be taken as predictor for students’ English grades. 5. Conclusion Findings from this study showed us that the pattern used in this study failed to determine peripheral university students’ motivation which influenced their grades in English subject. The model questions cannot be used as determiners. No significance was found at any level of observations, including the intrinsic (Deci et al., 2001). When observed as a single item, however, lecturer quality has significant and positive impact on grade achievement. Quality of lecturer yielded a positive impact on learning motivation and grades. Even though female developed a higher level of motivation compared with their male counterparts, it did not contribute to their final grades. 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Corresponding author Teuku Azhari can be contacted at tazhari@unimal.ac.id Book Chapters Prelims Introduction Acknowledgement I Acknowledgement II The Effect of Job Satisfaction and Work Motivation on Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in BNI in the Working Area of Bank Indonesia Lhokseumawe The Effect of Work Motivation on the Employee Performance with Organization Citizenship Behavior as Intervening Variable at Bank Aceh Syariah Life-Cycle Performance of a Bridge Subjected to Multiple Heavy Vehicle Impacts The Efforts of Improving the Professionalism of Lecturers towards the Presentation and Change of KKNI within the University Environment in Aceh Morphological Process of Devayan: An Analysis of Morphological Tipology Effect of Freight Transportation for Regional Development in the North Zone of Aceh The Roles of Digital Democracy on Political Education for Young Generation Disorders of Sex Development: Ambiguous Genitalia and Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Difference Analysis of the Autonomy of Extended Regencies in Aceh Province Indonesia An analysis of Service Quality on Mustahiq Satification using the Kano Model (Case Study on Baitul Mal) Exploration and Morphological Characterization of Vegetative Part of Avocado at Bebesan Subdistrict Central Aceh District, Indonesia Poverty Effectiveness for the Maisir (Contest) in the City of Indonesian Aceh Province Measurement of Study Productivity and Evaluation Analysis by using the American Productivity Center (APC) Model at a Palm Oil Factory (Pks PT. Syaukath Sejahtera) The Development of an Independent Entrepreneurship Model Through Creative Economy for Women in Lhokseumawe City Regionalism of Aceh’s Traditional Architecture at Bujang Salim Mosque at Krueng Geeukeuh, Aceh High Growth and Diameter of the Stem of Corn Plants (Zea May, S) with a Different Cropping Pattern Influence of Manufacture of Textiles, Clothing, and Leather and Manufacture of Paper, Printing, and Publishing on Economic Growth Land Erodibility and Land use Directions in Krueng Seulimum Watershed Aceh Province The Effect of Fermentation of the Peel of Arabica Coffee with Win Prob Probiotics on Crude Fiber Content and Fiber Fraction Teaching English International Lingua Franca (ELF) in ASEAN Economic Community Context: Teachers and Students Perspectives Animation as a Creative Industry: A Strategy to Build Creativity and Independence of Youth in Padang, West Sumatra Improving Production of Liquid Smoke from Candlenut Shell by Pyrolisis Process Interpersonal Communication of Commercial Sex Workers Transaction with Customers in Syariah Law Area in Indonesia Macrozoobentos Diversity Index as a Bioindicator in Krueng Cunda River to Support the Success of the Shrimp Agribusniness at Lhokseumawe City, Aceh The Examination Model of Aceh Commodity Export Firms’ Performance The Role of Fishing Techniques with Tuah Teng on Food Security in Facing the Asean Economic Community Reconstruction of Aceh Cultural Identity in the Discourse of Aceh Language Lesson Books in Elementary School The Effect of Monosodium Glutamate (Msg) Administration to Pyramidal Cells Necrosis on Cerebral Cortex of Wistar Male Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Personal Construct Experience of Tionghoa Community in Aceh Reality Study of Mineralogy Composition, Total, and Exchangable Content of K, Ca, and Mg of Volcanic Ash from Sinabung Mountain Eruption in North Sumatera, Indonesia The Role of Law in Economic Development: To Develop a Special Economic Zone in Order to Build a National and Regional Economy Model Corporate Social Responsibility Based on Local Wisdom in West Aceh Regency Recurrence of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis: A Rare Cause of the Obstruction of the Right Heart Single Mother Role in The Success of Their Children (Phenomenological Study of Single Women in Makassar City) Optimal Lot-Sizing Algorithms on Stochastic Demand at the Retailer Predict Environmental Conditions Using Groundwater Interpretation in Subdistrict North of the of with Economic of Study on Impact on is the of in Regional Bank in Indonesia Stochastic of and Children A Study from Indonesia of Indonesia The of and of in Subdistrict Aceh The of Women in Local in Aceh Study at of Aceh Province the of to Personal the in Analysis of Factors the Poverty of in Aceh of an Model on the of Syariah Based on Social in Asean Community in Analysis of of Based of Economic Development and to A Review on Production in Aceh and of in Analysis of and Educational Development Learning of Bahasa in High The Difference in the effect of City of City as a Creative City Through the of Cultural of from into Indonesian of From for Behavior of from with and Oil at North in A Study at an School in North Indonesia of Learning for A in Malikussaleh University of and with and of Educational Aceh Regency Foreign into Aceh province of Indonesia a of Based Using with Modern The of of in the Krueng River Aceh Indonesia Analysis of the of and the with a for Students in 1 Aceh of Using for Generation Education into in Aceh Learning Motivation of Peripheral University Students and its Relation with their English of on for Liquid of and in in Aceh The between and of in the at a in Lhokseumawe in the 2017 Effect of Palm Oil on Process and in The and the of in Law and of Communication for the Performance of Based on Production of in in Palm Oil An Analysis and of a of the Based on a of in the by of The of Data in Course for First Students of at Malikussaleh University and of by into Science, and Learning on Process and Effect of of of and Satisfaction of to of by on Service Development the The in the of a in A Review and Morphological Characterization of in and of North Aceh Indonesia Model of of the National in North Province Index for of with to of With of Security Using on