Digital clothing development still takes place largely on rigid avatars. This established method is usable for clothing that is far from the body, such as dresses or jackets, but is limited for clothing that is close to the body. Close to the body clothing interacts with the individual body, where both body and clothing deform.This paper presents the modeling of a deformable leg in interaction with a compression stocking. This modelling allows the fit and function of the compression stocking to be individually examined and improved.

In many applications, hand-held water spray systems are replacing sandblasting as a cost effective and environmentally friendly alternative. In addition, waterjet technology offers new solutions for cleaning surfaces in difficult or confined spaces where sandblasting is virtually impossible. While operations in the manufacturing process are automated, water blasting requires the worker to operate a lance or spray gun by hand. Such hand-held high-pressure and ultra-high-pressure water jet lances operate at pressures of up to 3,000 bar.Due to the international lack of suitable protective clothing systems, in particular for the use of water jet lances with round jet nozzle with pressures > 500 bar, the objectives of the project were 1) the development of protectors (knee and shin protectors, gaiters, aprons) based on metallic platelet structures, which should provide effective protection against punctual sources with pressures of at least 1,550 bar when using round jet nozzle and 2) the development of a technology for sewing on the platelet structures, in particular an automatic feeding of the plates on an automatic button sewing machine.

Natural dyes are an essential keystone for realization of fully bio-based textiles and fully biodegradable textile products. Actually, a broad range of different natural dyes are available on the market. To support a comprehensive summary on natural dyes and color components, recently six overview papers were published on a broad range of different natural dyes. These overview papers put a special focus on the application to textile materials and IR spectroscopic data. Nevertheless, several natural color components were not considered leading to the demand for publication of supplementary data on natural dyes and their IR spectra. Following this demand, the current paper finally supports supplementary data of 27 natural color components of different origin. Data of five different maya pigments are presented. Further, seven products of natural mordanting agents based on different tannin and tara products are considered. A structural and systematic discussion of IR spectra is supported. These reported supplementary IR spectroscopic data is a helpful tool for people working with natural dyes, material scientists and for quality control. This overview is also a valuable tool for educational purposes guiding interested persons into the field of natural dyes and infrared spectroscopy.

Traditionally, high-density metallic airfoils are used in aircraft engines. Ceramic materials are much lighter and can operate at higher temperatures. However, as a monolithic material, they are not suitable for high reliability applications due to excessive brittle fracture behavior. By reinforcing ceramics with ceramic fiber structures, it is possible to increase fracture toughness and damage tolerance significantly. These CMC (Ceramic Matrix Composites) are one of the materials of the future due to their high strength, dynamic load capacity, thermal shock resistance and resistance to aggressive media in the high-temperature range. An efficient production of the textile preforms, which are required for CMC parts, is a prerequisite to bring them into widespread industrial use. This article describes the development of near-net-shape, load-path 3D woven structures made of ceramic materials that can be mass-produced on industrial equipment and optimally comply with the subsequent process of ceramic matrix insertion. Based on the simulation of two assumed load cases, the optimum structural design is determined. A multi-layer structure of the base fabric is used to achieve the required component thickness of 2-3 mm. In iterative infiltration tests, the optimum structure for the matrix injection is found using a pressure-assisted infiltration technique.

The fashion industry is in a critical state of overproduction and overconsumption, often disregarding any social or environmental concerns. Pre-consumer waste, including unworn and unsold garments such as leftover stock, represents up to one third of total production and is regularly landfilled or incinerated. This study presents early-stage research whether AI-automated design suggestions can be developed using pre-consumer waste from unworn garments. The Digital Deconstruction Project is a preliminary study conducted at the Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts with a team of seven students. It explores the possibility of creating new, appealing designs from existing pattern- such as a classic women’s shirt, which in this study represents overproduced clothing - while minimizing waste using the computer-aided design system Clo3D. The focus is on determining how many of the existing pattern pieces can be re-used, creating as little waste as possible. The starting point of this project was a pattern block from the modular library of Clo3D, which is generally accessible within the software. The finding indicates that it is indeed possible to redesign a CAD file of an existing garment, the developed design results range from wearable-commercial to very fashionable. However, future iterations of this study should aim to reduce material waste even further. It is suggested to start with a simpler pattern block or a zero-waste pattern system to validate the concept of digital deconstruction. Next steps will involve investigating effective methods for connecting multiple designs to a single pattern and solving the first steps in the automating processes.

In the current study, the surface characteristics and deformation behavior of raw and washed denim fabrics were investigated using Tactile Sensation Analyzer (TSA) which measures surface variations through sound analysis and determines out-of-plane deformation behavior during the deformation test phase. A total of 30 denim fabrics with various raw materials and production parameters were examined. Two different denim washing processes were applied to the raw denim fabrics, one involving cellulase enzyme and the other combined with pumice stones. The effects of washing on structural properties, surface characteristics, deformation, elasticity, hysteresis, plasticity, and tactile comfort were analyzed. The results indicated that denim washing significantly increased the thickness and decreased the magnitude of micro-surface variations across all tested samples, and most fabrics exhibited a less rigid structure after washing. It was detected that enzyme washing has a moderate effect on fabric properties. Meanwhile, the combination of cellulase enzyme and pumice stones resulted in significant improvements in surface smoothness, fullness, unit mass, deformability, elasticity and total hand scores.

In the construction sector, elastic plastic seals are used for windows and doors. They seal against cold, draughts and moisture. The aim of this research is to develop innovative textile sealing concepts which guarantee conventional sealing properties as well as offering filtered gap ventilation. Knitted spacer fabrics offer air permeability due to their porous structure and have an adjustable structural elasticity. The innovation aims to offer another ventilation concept and reduce the needed artificial room ventilation, thereby reducing investment and operating costs. Their suitability for seals is evaluated in the research presented. Initially, a requirements profile for sealing systems is developed and appropriate testing methods are selected. To determine a suitable structure, a variety of different textiles are tested. Therefore, knitted spacer fabrics with different spacer yarns are developed. Two monofilaments with different diameters and a high-volume yarn are used as spacers. The fabrics are investigated based on the requirement profile for their grammage, thickness, compressibility, shape recovery, air permeability, thermal resistance, and thermal conductivity. The results show that the spacer fabric with the finer monofilament exhibits the greatest thickness, as well as the highest compressibility and air permeability. The fabric with the coarser monofilament achieves the highest values for thermal resistance, as well as the lowest thermal conductivity. The suitability of the developed seals and their influence on the indoor climate will furthermore be investigated using a self-developed test bench. The test bench determines the tightness of the sealing profiles with regard to moisture, air and particle (pollen) permeability.

This study systematically examines width-wise contraction in double jersey knit fabrics produced on a flatbed rib knitting machine, emphasizing the influence of yarn fiber composition, yarn fineness, and structural variations. Fabrics with different structural designs were manufactured using plied yarns composed of 100% cotton, 100% polyester, and polyester-cotton blends (50% for both) across different yarn counts, all knitted under a uniform machine gauge and stitch settings to ensure structural consistency. Subsequently, the wale densities of these samples were measured after dry relaxation, and a modified analytical formula was employed to conveniently calculate the width contraction for rib-based flat-knitted structures. The results revealed that fiber type has a pronounced effect, with cotton-based fabrics exhibiting higher contraction compared to polyester, although the yarn-consisting blend of these fibers showed a statistically non-significant difference in width contraction either with Cotton or Polyester. Yarn fineness (tex) showed a strong negative correlation with width contraction, as validated by a high co-efficient of determination (R² > 0.95), indicating its predictive power. Structural variations, such as jersey type, missing-needle patterns, and rib configurations (such as simple ribs and broad ribs) were found to have notable effects on contraction owing to their impact on wale density and fabric geometry, and statistical analyses confirmed the substantial influence of such structural choices on width contraction. This study provides critical insights into the predictive control of fabric width during the design and manufacturing stages.

The linear business model of the light industry has undergone a positive transformation with the emergence of innovative alternative materials that are in a confident progress towards solving the problem of environmental pollution by including the principles to circular production and contributing to the development of consciousness towards the use of eco-friendly raw materials in nowadays realities. The uniqueness of modern developments in this area is in using raw materials that at first glance seem incompatible with light industry. The processing of secondary agricultural waste into alternative plant-based leather provides the powerful start in exploring this area and hope for the future free from many harmful factors that accompany the manufacture of everyday products. The study results: 1) the scientific and technical analysis of plant-based materials for footwear is offered as an alternative to genuine leather; 2) a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of alternative plant-based leather Pinatex® and genuine leather is conducted; 3) the impact of the trend on society, its competitiveness compared to genuine leather and further prospects in the manufacture of footwear is defined.