Obesity and depression frequently coexist, sharing overlapping molecular pathways such as inflammation, oxidative stress, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and neuroendocrine dysfunction. Recent research highlights the therapeutic potential of plant-derived bioactive compounds in targeting these shared mechanisms. This scoping review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and included 261 peer-reviewed studies identified through PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science up to December 2024. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This review synthesizes data from peer-reviewed studies, including both preclinical and clinical investigations, focusing on polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and metabolic effects. Compounds such as quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, curcumin, anthocyanins, and luteolin demonstrate promise in modulating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and gut-brain axis pathways. Our scoping review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, identifies promising combinations and mechanisms for integrative phytotherapy. These findings underscore the potential of botanical strategies in developing future interventions for metabolic and mood comorbidities.

Background: Population aging presents major public health challenges. Nutrition education has emerged as a key intervention to improve diet quality and reduce the risk of chronic diseases among older adults. Methods: This pilot cross-sectional study assessed the effects of a brief nutrition education session on dietary patterns, lifestyle behaviors, and health perceptions among 151 community-dwelling Polish seniors aged 60 and over. Data were collected using the KomPAN® questionnaire, the Pro-Healthy Diet Index (pHDI-10), the Non-Healthy Diet Index (nHDI-14), and self-reported health indicators. Results: The findings revealed suboptimal dietary patterns, including low consumption of whole grains, legumes, and fish. A high prevalence of chronic diseases was observed, particularly hypercholesterolemia (67.7%) and hypertension (53.1%). A weak but significant correlation was found between BMI and the number of diagnosed conditions (r = 0.3, p = 0.003). Despite limited prior nutritional knowledge, participants perceived the educational session as beneficial, and many expressed an intention to share the acquired information with peers, indicating a potential “domino effect”. Conclusions: Although the sample size limits generalizability, the results support the effectiveness of brief, tailored nutrition education as a scalable, cost-effective public health strategy. Such interventions may promote healthy aging, reduce diet-related disease burden, and enhance peer-driven knowledge dissemination among older adults.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is common in patients burdened with metabolic syndrome. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease is associated with abnormal levels of acylated derivates of carnitine. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible association between carnitine derivatives and coronary artery disease, including obese individuals. Twenty consecutive patients presenting with dyspnea on exertion were enrolled in the prospective analysis for metabolomic profiling. They were divided into two groups regarding CAD presence. Six (60%) men and four (40%) women comprised the CAD group assigned as Group 1, while 6 (60%) men and 4 (40%) women with normal coronary arteries on angiograms as Group 2. Compared to the non-CAD group, the CAD group was characterized by lower levels of the sum of long-chain ACs (p = 0.024), the sum of short-chain ACs (p = 0.022), saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p = 0.030) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p = 0.022). Further subanalysis concerning patients’ body mass index and CAD showed significant differences in plasma sum of ACs between the groups (p = 0.050) and SFA (p = 0.050) but not regarding the short-chain ACs (p = 0.060), medium-ACs (p = 0.758), long-chain-ACs (p = 0.141), or MUFA (p = 0.151). Our analysis revealed lower plasma levels of short-chain and saturated fatty acids acylcarnitine derivates in obese patients presenting with CAD.

Background:Stachys alpina is a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family whose biological potential remains poorly explored. Methods: The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the pol-yphenol profile, macro- and microelement composition, and the antioxidant, an-ti-diabetic, and anti-obesity activities of various plant organs (leaves, flowers, stems, and roots). Results: The leaves and flowers exhibited the highest concentration of phenolic compounds, while anthocyanins were detected exclusively in the flowers (215.05 mg/100 g dry matter (dm)) and constituted 3% of the total polyphenols. Verbas-coside and chlorogenic acid were the most abundant polyphenols, reaching 4618.88 and 3277.83 mg/ 100 g dm in the leaves. The highest ABTS and FRAP scavenging activity was observed in leaves (19.30 and 7.62 mmol TE/g dm, respectively). Principal component analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between polyphenol content and antioxidant activity (ABTS-r= 0.87 and FRAP-r = 0.90), which was further confirmed by Pearson's correlation coefficients. The study also highlighted the significant impact of mineral composition on biological activity-calcium and magnesium dominated in stems (10,100 and 3900 mg/kg) and in roots (9200 and 3100 mg/kg), supporting the functioning of an-tioxidant enzymes, while zinc and manganese in leaves (89.43 and 155.33 mg/kg) con-tributed to intense metabolic processes. Conclusions:S. aplina could serve as a valuable source of natural antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors associated with glucose and lipid metabolism, suggesting its promising application in the prevention and management of metabolic disorders..

Cutting inserts made of ceramic materials are used in rough machining processes of Inconel 718. This article compares sintered carbide S205 inserts with 6160 ceramic inserts after finish turning of Inconel 718 with a hardness of 45 HRC. The evaluation focused on insert wear, surface topography and changes in cutting edge radius. The results show differences in the wear of S205 and 6160 inserts. S205 inserts characterize the formation of buildup on the rake face, while 6160 inserts tend to form buildup on the flank face. Furthermore, ceramic 6160 inserts are more prone to notch wear. Surface topography analysis revealed the formation of individual high peaks on surfaces machined with ceramic inserts. The Sa parameter for all cutting conditions studied did not exceed 0.45 µm.

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed deep vulnerabilities in healthcare systems and public health preparedness. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of epidemiological procedures, the role of diagnostics, and the influence of nutritional status on immune function and disease severity. A total of 88 studies were analyzed, encompassing diagnostics, micronutrient deficiencies (notably vitamin D, C, E, zinc, and selenium), and the psychosocial impact of the pandemic. The results underscore the importance of integrated strategies-including accurate testing, preventive nutritional measures, and mental health support-in improving outcomes and societal resilience during global health crises. Unlike previous reviews that focused on isolated biomedical or public health elements, this study integrates diagnostics, immune-nutritional status, and psychosocial effects to present a comprehensive, multidimensional analysis of pandemic impact and preparedness.

Do obowiązków państwa należy zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa jego ludności bez względu na źródło pochodzenia zagrożenia czy okoliczności jego wystąpienia. W tym celu państwo powinno dysponować odpowiednimi zasobami oraz rozwiązaniami instytucjonalnymi i prawnymi. Na podstawie ustawy o obronie ojczyzny, uchwalonej 11 marca 2022 roku, uchylono przepisy dotyczące ochrony ludności podczas konfliktów zbrojnych, w ich miejsce nie wprowadzono jednak nowych przepisów regulujących to zagadnienia. W artykule podjęto próbę ustalenia, czy normy prawa międzynarodowego dotyczące obrony cywilnej są wystarczające, żeby zapewnić ludności skuteczną ochronę w razie potencjalnego konfliktu zbrojnego oraz jakie działania podjęły polskie władze, żeby usunąć powstałą lukę prawną. W procesie badawczym przeanalizowano normy prawne de lege lata i de lege ferenda.

Background/Objective. Psychiatric disorders exhibit significant symptomatic and etiopathological heterogeneity, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Hematological parameters may serve as indicators of overall health and predictors of psychiatric symptom manifestation and remission, particularly in long-term hospitalized patients. This study evaluated hematological and biochemical markers, including vitamin B12, vitamin D, and glucose levels, to explore their potential role in psychiatric disorders and disease progression. Methods. This prospective observational study was conducted from 1 January to 31 December 2022, at the M. Kaczyński Neuropsychiatric Hospital in Lublin, following ethical guidelines. The study included 28 psychiatric inpatients (18 women, 10 men) diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders (ICD-10: F03, unspecified dementia, and F06.2, organic delusional disorder) and 10 controls without psychiatric diagnoses. Blood samples from both groups underwent hematological and biochemical analyses. Statistical tests included the Shapiro-Wilk test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Tukey's multiple range test. Results. Psychiatric patients had significantly lower vitamin B12 (278.00 pg/mL vs. 418.50 pg/mL, p = 0.026) and severe vitamin D deficiency (3.00 ng/mL vs. 26.00 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Hematocrit levels were also lower (38.00% vs. 41.30%, p = 0.033), suggesting anemia risk. No significant differences in glucose levels were found. Reduced mean platelet volume and altered leukocyte subtypes suggested immune dysregulation. Conclusions. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in vitamin B12 and D, play a critical role in psychiatric disorders. Routine screening and targeted supplementation should be integral to psychiatric care. Addressing these deficiencies may improve treatment outcomes, reduce symptom severity, and enhance patient well-being. Integrating metabolic and nutritional assessments into psychiatric practice is essential for advancing research and clinical management.

Abstract Persistent housing shortages and escalating housing investment costs in numerous countries drive the search for technologies that enable faster, cost-effective housing development. Prefabrication technology has emerged as a promising solution, which enables buildings to be constructed in significantly shorter timeframes compared to traditional methods. This approach utilizes prefabricated structural elements manufactured in controlled factory settings, leading to a substantial reduction in the carbon footprint associated with the construction process. This study focuses on two primary objectives: 1) Identifying the key factors for integrating prefabricated construction technology into the multifamily housing market, especially within the framework of sustainable development policies and the growing housing gap, and 2) Examining buyer preferences to assess their openness toward prefabricated construction in the multifamily residential market. Identification of the determinants of the implementation of prefabricated technology was carried out based on comprehensive literature review and critique of source documents. Additionally, buyer preference surveys were conducted among residents in post-communist Central and Eastern European countries (Poland, Bulgaria, and Ukraine).

This study presents an experimental analysis of two vacuum solar air collectors designed for residential heating applications. The research was conducted from November 2022 to April 2024 in real operating conditions. This study focused on assessing the thermal performance, energy efficiency, and feasibility of integrating these systems into hybrid heating solutions. The first collector (Solar Dragon 2022) utilized five vacuum tubes and achieved a total thermal energy output of 397.67 kWh over five months, with a peak thermal power of 0.55 kW. The second system (Solar Dragon 2023), equipped with 24 vacuum tubes, demonstrated a significantly higher performance, generating 911.69 kWh over the same period, with a peak thermal power of 1.8 kW. The study also identified challenges related to airflow distribution and excessive outlet air temperatures, reaching up to 84 °C in the modified system, which could negatively impact indoor comfort. The findings highlight the potential of vacuum solar collectors as an auxiliary heating source, particularly in transitional seasons, while emphasizing the need for optimized airflow control and thermal regulation strategies to enhance their practical application.