Introduction: The limitation of endosperm in seeds requires the propagation of Dendrobium orchid plants to be carried out using in vitro culture techniques. The composition of in vitro culture media needs to be considered because it greatly determines the success of plant propagation. The addition of sucrose and myo-inositol to the growth media can support the growth of explants planted in vitro. This study aimed to determine the best concentration of myo-inositol and sucrose added to the multiplication medium to increase the growth of Dendrobium orchid explants. Methods: This study used a Completely Randomized Design. The experimental treatments were the concentration of myo-inositol and sucrose added to the VW media consisting of four levels, namely myo-inositol 50 mg/l + sucrose 20 mg/l, myo-inositol 50 mg/l + sucrose 40 mg/l, myo-inositol 100 mg/l + sucrose 20 mg/l and myo-inositol 100 mg/l + sucrose 40 mg/l. Observation variables include plant height, shoot emergence time, number of shoots and shoot growth rate. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% α level and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. Results: The addition of 40 g/l sucrose + 50 mg/l myo-inositol to the in vitro culture medium was the best treatment in producing optimal explant growth. Conclusion: The addition of 40 g/l sucrose can reduce the addition of myo-inositol to VW media by up to 50% to propagate Dendrobium orchids in vitro.

Introduction: The broiler chicken industry plays a vital role in fulfilling the animal protein needs of the people in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java. Despite high production levels, challenges in the supply chain remain, particularly in pricing disparities between producers and consumers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the supply chain of broiler chicken meat in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java. Methods: A descriptive analytical method was employed, utilizing both primary and secondary data. The analysis uses FSCN (Food Supply Chain Network) framework and performance metrics such as marketing margins and farmer’s share. Data were collected through interviews with 40 farmers and 12 supply chain institutions, supplemented by secondary data from local agencies. Results: Three supply chain channels were identified: Channel 1 (Farmers → Partner Companies → Brokers → Wholesalers → Retailers → Consumers), Channel 2 (Farmers → Partner Companies → Brokers → Wholesalers → Consumers), and Channel 3 (Farmers → Partner Companies → Brokers → Retailers → Consumers). Results showed that Channel 2 had the lowest total marketing margin (IDR 11,973/kg) and the highest farmer’s share (61.76%), indicating greater efficiency. Key challenges included price volatility, fragmented coordination, and limited government support. Conclusion: Based on farmer’s share and marketing margin analysis, channel 2 is the most efficient channel. The study recommends comprehensive upgrading strategies, including improving feed quality (product), adopting digital data management (process), and implementing livestock insurance (functional) to enhance supply chain resilience.

Introduction: The development of sorghum in the drylands of East Sumba faces complex challenges, particularly regarding limited government resources and weak farmer bargaining power. This study analyzes the effectiveness of the sorghum area development program through a Collaborative Governance perspective, focusing on the role of farmers' corporations. Methods: This research employed a qualitative descriptive method conducted from May to July 2023 in East Sumba Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and focus group discussions with 15 key informants selected via purposive sampling (farmers, government officials, and private partners). The analysis utilized Ansell and Gash's framework, examining initial conditions, institutional design, facilitative leadership, and collaborative processes. Results: The findings reveal that while the collaboration has successfully initiated the program, it faces critical structural challenges. Initial conditions were marked by information asymmetry and farmer skepticism due to past failures. Although the institutional design adopted a consensus-based voting mechanism, participation remained dominated by government and private actors, leading to passive involvement from less-educated farmers. However, the Agriculture Office's facilitative leadership proved effective in conflict mediation, and the achievement of "small wins" through increased harvest yields has begun to build trust. Conclusion: The study concludes that sustainable sorghum development requires transforming farmer groups into legal corporate entities to balance power relations. Future collaboration must focus on substantive farmer empowerment rather than just procedural participation.

Introduction: Agriculture is no longer facing challenges in the classic way but with modern method called smart farming. Hope this can be a solution to improve agricultural quality and productivity which will lead to increased farming profits. One of them is digital water timer, it helps distributing water in hydroponics. In reality, not many farmers implemented smart farming or greenhouses due to lack of information and costs. This study aims to analysis profit and the factors influencing it. Methods: The research was conducted in Jambi City collected with the help of questionnaires and literature study. Primary data was collected from 155 respondents including hydroponics with smart farming in greenhouses, hydroponics non-smart farming in greenhouses, hydroponics only, and conventional farming. The analytical research method used is quantitative descriptive and data processing using the R/C ratio formula, whereas to determine the factors using multiple linear regression with F-test and t-test. Results: The results showed that the R/C ratio is 1.74, which means farming is profitable to implement. Hydroponics with smart farming provides the highest profit among other technologies and costs less than non-smart farming. The profit obtained is 18.6% higher than non-smart farming. The higher the technology, the more production will increase. Smart farming affects positively to the Kailan production followed by other factors that is land area. Conclusion: This finding provides technology such as smart farming has potential impacts to improve farm profit.

Introduction: The production and marketing of red chili in Aceh Tengah Regency face significant risks, particularly financial constraints that limit liquidity and undermine the sustainability of farming systems. Prolonged receivable structures remain a major challenge, restricting farmers’ working capital and reducing supply chain efficiency. This study aims to optimize financial risk management in red chili agribusiness through the application of factoring as an alternative financing scheme, using a system dynamics approach. Methods: A system dynamics approach was employed to analyze the role of factoring as an alternative financing mechanism in red chili agribusiness. The research was conducted in the main chili production centers of Aceh Tengah Regency using a mixed-method design that combined literature review, field observations, and in-depth interviews with farmers, cooperatives, financial institutions, and policymakers. Primary and secondary data were integrated into a dynamic simulation model using Vensim software to assess the impact of factoring on cash flow, liquidity, and system sustainability. Results: The simulation results demonstrate that factoring effectively accelerates cash inflows, thereby strengthening farmers’ liquidity compared to delayed payments of up to 30 days under conventional arrangements. Enhanced liquidity enables farmers to finance production inputs, labor, and crop maintenance more efficiently, while cooperatives benefit from more stable cash flows to ensure timely payments to members. Additional advantages include improved sales administration and collection systems, reduced credit default risk, and greater competitiveness without collateral requirements. Conclusion: Factoring is proven to be a viable financing strategy that enhances the resilience and sustainability of red chili farming systems by improving liquidity and supply chain efficiency. Policy implications include the need to establish supportive regulations, promote transparency in factoring costs, and encourage cooperative-based financing schemes to facilitate wider adoption among smallholder farmers.

Introduction: The Agricultural Machinery Service Business (UPJA) Ngupoyo Boga was the only UPJA in Bendosari District; however, it became inactive between 2020 and 2024 due to incompetent management. This study aimed to identify the factors that shaped farmers' interest and analyze their influence on the use of agricultural machinery services at UPJA Ngupoyo Boga. Methods: The research was conducted from December 2024 to January 2025 in Mulur Village. The method used was a survey with disproportionate stratified random sampling, involving 185 rice farmers. Primary data was obtained through interviews using open and closed questionnaires, while secondary data was taken from previous studies, including books, journals, and official data from relevant institutions. Data analysis was performed descriptively and using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 26. Results: The results showed that the factors influencing farmers' interest in Mulur Village regarding the use of agricultural machinery services included gender, age, education level, years of farming, and the size of land owned. The interest variable scored in the moderate category (77.60%), enjoyment in the high category (80.50%), and willingness in the high category (84.07%). The interest, enjoyment, and willingness variables had a significant effect on the use of agricultural machinery services, both simultaneously and partially. Conclusion: Recommendations for UPJA management included developing a routine maintenance schedule, encouraging cooperation among farmers, and suggesting that the government conduct surveys to understand farmers' agricultural machinery needs.

Introduction: Green banana flour (GBF), rich in resistant starch and dietary fiber, has gained attention as a functional ingredient for improving gut health and metabolic regulation. While GBF has been applied in conventional bread, its effect on sourdough bread remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and sensory properties of sourdough bread incorporated with GBF. Methods: Sourdough bread was prepared using wheat flour (control, TC) and GBF substitution at 10% (TP1), 20% (TP2), and 30% (TP3), with identical hydration and processing conditions. Texture profile analysis was performed using a texture analyzer, while sensory evaluation was conducted with 50 untrained panellists using a 5-point hedonic scale. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test (α = 5%). Results: Texture analysis revealed that increasing GBF substitution significantly elevated hardness, springiness, and stiffness, while reducing fracture force compared to TC. Sensory results indicated that TC scored the highest in all parameters, especially taste (4.20 ± 0.67) and overall acceptability (4.26 ± 0.76). TP1 remained acceptable, showing comparable scores to TC in aroma (3.68 ± 0.74) and texture (3.84 ± 0.57). However, TP2 and TP3 demonstrated lower consumer acceptance, with TP3 recording the lowest scores in taste (3.14 ± 0.78) and overall acceptability (3.36 ± 0.88). Conclusion: GBF incorporation modifies sourdough bread texture by increasing firmness and structural density, while sensory acceptance declines at higher substitution levels. Up to 10% GBF can be added without compromising consumer preference, offering potential for developing nutritionally enhanced sourdough bread.

Introduction: A sustainable livelihood program for former illegal loggers implemented by agriculture cultivation in rehabilitation zones or “Tetelan” land. Then, the agroforestry system should be applied to restore the function of forests and generate economic value. The research aims to examine the perceptions of former illegal loggers and the factors that influence the application of agroforestry on “tetelan” land. Methods: The research was conducted in Sanenrejo Village and Andongrejo Village, Tempurejo District, Jember Regency, East Java as buffer villages of the Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP). The research data used has cross-sectional characteristics. The data were measured using the Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods, followed by the Chi-square method to determine the effect of the relationship between variables. Results: Perception of former illegal loggers of agroforestry in “tetelan” land is in a good category. This means that efforts to implement an agroforestry system in "Tetelan" land to restore forest function have a high chance of success. At the same time, the factors that significantly influence the application of agroforestry are education and income. Conclusion: Individual approach efforts should target ex-illegal logger farmers with an elementary school education and low income (between IDR 300,000–IDR 6,200,000).

Introduction: Organic farming has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to food production. However, the adoption of organic farming practices in Indonesia remains slow. Progressive farmers have the potential to act as opinion leaders, accelerating the diffusion of innovations in organic rice farming. This study investigates the role of progressive farmers as opinion leaders in facilitating innovation diffusion for the development of organic paddy fields. Methods: A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, non-participant observations, and document analysis involving 17 participants, including progressive farmers, conventional farmers, and agricultural extension agents engaged in organic rice farming development. Data were analyzed descriptively using the framework of social learning theory. Results: Findings indicate that opinion leaders play a pivotal role as initiators, pioneers, information disseminators, and role models in promoting organic rice farming innovations. Their actions and statements regarding innovations strongly influence farmers' decision-making processes. Conclusion: The study concludes that progressive farmers, as opinion leaders, effectively act as change agents and mentors by introducing and fostering the adoption of organic farming practices. The shared socio-cultural background between opinion leaders and their communities facilitates intensive interpersonal communication, ensuring that messages are relevant, credible, memorable, and trustworthy, thereby accelerating innovation diffusion. Nevertheless, the study also highlights certain limitations faced by progressive farmers. Strengthening their communication skills and fostering collaborations with agricultural institutions, such as extension agents and organic farming communities, are essential to further expedite the diffusion of organic farming innovations.