This research is research into the development of audio-visual based learning media using the Filmora application. This research aims to produce audio-visual based learning media using the Filmora application on flora and fauna material in Indonesia and the world. This research uses a development research method using the ADDIE model as an approach in compiling learning media. In this research there are 5 stages, namely the analysis stage, design stage, development stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. The results of the development research were obtained from the validator assessment results which showed that this learning media was declared suitable for use and very valid. The assessment given to each statement is as follows: from product design expert validation it is declared very valid with a rating result of 84%, from material/content experts it is declared very valid with a rating result of 91.1% and the learning expert in this case is a geography teacher declared very valid with a rating result of 90.3% and the average student response to learning media was 89.1%, which means it was classified as very good media. The conclusion of this research is that audio-visual based learning media using the Filmora application developed by researchers is declared suitable for use in the learning process.

The learning model has a central role in the learning process of students and requires a touch of teacher creativity pedagogy in developing learning. The purpose of this study is to examine the application of the cash method-based social studies learning model as an effort to improve the critical pedagogy of students, and to determine the advantages of the cash method-based social studies learning model in improving the critical pedagogy of students. The research method used is the library research method by involving searching, researching and analyzing literature relevant to the research. Data analysis techniques use a content analysis model with steps to determine the design, search for basic data, and search for consequential knowledge. The results showed that the application of the case method-based social studies learning model as an effort to improve the critical pedagogy of students in junior high school was carried out by social studies teachers with three stages being the organization stage, group work, evaluation and the awarding stage. The advantages of the case method model are: training analytical and problem-solving skills, improving critical thinking skills, collobirative learning, helping to link theory with practice and developing communication skills. This research is expected to be the basis for social studies teachers in developing students' critical pedagogy in real terms and providing opportunities to improve students' skills, namely creative skills, critical thinking skills, communication skills, dan collaboration skills.

This research aims to: 1) Find out the causes of flooding in Pangkajene District, Kab. Pangkep. 2) Knowing the impact of the flood disaster on the people of Pangkajene District, Kab. Pangkep. 3) Know how to mitigate flood disasters for the people of Pangkajene District, Kab. Pangkep. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques are through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that 1) the cause of the flood disaster in Pangkajene District, Kab. Pangkep is high rainfall, poor drainage 2) The impact of flooding on the community: physical impact, economic impact and social impact 3) Mitigation carried out by the community before the flood occurs, namely, the community has been advised by the local village that there will be a flood. Mitigation when a flood occurs, namely the community is provided with refugee camps, the Government and NGOs ensure that there are no casualties and the community takes steps to prevent water such as filling sand in sacks, the community receives food distribution, Mitigation after a flood disaster, namely the community cleans their houses and repairs to roads and gutters by the government gradually.

This study aims to (i) analyse more deeply the causes of the motivation of pilgrims to visit the Sepulchre of Sheikh Yusuf and (ii) analyse and explain further the shape and behavior of Pilgrims of the Sepulation of Shah Yusuf in Gowa district. The type of research is descriptive by using qualitative approaches with methods of phenomenological analysis, as well as using primary and secondary data. Data analysis techniques include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, conclusion withdrawal and verification. The results of this study show that: (i) Pilgrims may see a visit to the tomb of Sheikh Joseph as an opportunity to purify the soul, improve the quality of life, and spiritual growth. The concept of a baraka or blessing of a sanctuary, as well as love and seeking spiritual enlightenment and obtaining bliss from religious figures. Visiting the Sepulchre of Sheikh Yusuf is also part of the religious identity of individuals and groups. The interaction with the symbols, rituals, and experiences in the tombs reinforces the religious identity of the pilgrims. (ii) The diversity of the forms of pilgrimage performed by pilgrims, as well as reflecting the complexity of relations between religious and cultural values in their religious practice, giving offerings, or following certain ceremonies, as an expression of spiritual need and adherence to religious teachings or social traditions. Emphasis on Peter L. Berger's Theory of Social Construction The ritual of pilgrimage to the tombs of Sheikh Yusuf as a form of externalization, plays a role in preserving and communicating the meaning of religion, as well as building and strengthening the religious identity of individuals and groups.

This research aims to analyze the causes of children dropping out of school in Lantagi Village, Kulisusu District, North Buton Regency. The phenomenon of children dropping out of school is a common phenomenon that often occurs in both urban and rural communities. This research uses symbolic interaction theory from Hebert Blumer to examine more deeply the phenomenon of children dropping out of school. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques in this research used observation, interview and documentation techniques. The research location is located in Lantagi Village, Kulisusu District, North Buton Regency. The data collection technique in this research used a purposive sampling technique with 12 informants. The data analysis technique in this research uses data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The data validation technique in this research uses the Member Check technique, which is a data collection technique by re-interviewing informants so that it is said to be valid. The results of the research show that the cause of children dropping out of school in Lantagi Village, Kulisusu District, North Buton Regency is caused by several factors, namely economic factors, family factors, internal desire factors and children's mindset about school.

This The purpose of this research is to find out how to plan learning evaluations, to know how to carry out learning evaluation, and to know what are the driving factors and obstacles to learning evaluation using the Quizizz application in social studies subjects in class VIII C at SMP Negeri 2 Pangenan. The type of research used in this research is descriptive quantitative method. The sample in this study was 38 students in class VIII C of SMP Negeri 2 Pangenan. Data collection instruments in this research used questionnaires, documentation and observation. data analysis technique uses data percentage analysis. Based on the results of learning evaluation planning research using the Quizizz application by making a Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) in social studies learning at SMP Negeri 2 Pangenan obtaining a result of 91.25%, meaning that it is included in the 'Very Good' category. the research results from the implementation of learning evaluation using the Quizizz application in social studies learning at SMP Negeri 2 Pangenan obtained a result of 77.4%, meaning it was declared to be in the "Good" category. the driving factor for evaluating learning using the Quizizz application in social studies learning at SMP Negeri 2 Pangenan was to obtain a result of 66.8%, meaning it was declared to be in the "Good" category. And for the inhibiting factor of learning evaluation using the Quizizz application in social studies learning at SMP Negeri 2 Pangenan, the result is 51.4%, meaning that it is included in the ''Less'' category.

This study aims to determine the pattern and stage of resistance of the Merpati Bulukumba coastal community after the enactment of Regional Regulation No. 21 of 2012 concerning the 2012-2032 Bulukumba Regency Spatial Planning regarding the development of coastal areas through the Waterfront City grand design. This study used a descriptive qualitative method in the form of written narratives from the research subjects and observed behavior. In this study, the researchers determined the research location to be the coastal area of Merpati Beach in the Terang-Terang sub-district, Bulukumba district, South Sulawesi. The results showed that first, there was resistance in the coastal communities of Merpati Beach, with open patterns and strategies of resistance through rejection, demonstrations, and campaigns. Second, the process of resistance from the Pesisir Pantai Merpati community went through three stages so that they were able to influence local government policies through relocation decisions in the form of making shelter for the eviction victims.

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the resilience of fishing communities in Barru District, Barru Regency in facing the phenomenon of climate change. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques use descriptive-qualitative analysis through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this study show that traditional fishing communities and modern fishermen in the coastal areas of Barru District have felt the impact of climate change that affects the lives of fishing communities in environmental, socio-economic and physical aspects. For this reason, the ability of fishing communities to reduce vulnerability is demonstrated through adaptability at the level of stability, recovery and transformation. Resilience at the level of stability is carried out by surviving by utilizing family savings. At the level of recovery, the adaptation capacity of traditional fishing communities and modern fishing communities can be said to be high through survival by utilizing Human Resources (HR) assets by looking for other jobs outside of fishing activities but having low adaptation when dependent on bad weather. Traditional coastal fishing communities have limited supporting facilities in the process of marine activities so that they cannot be said to be at the level of transformation. Modern fishing communities have been at a level of transformation by increasing vessel tonnage, procuring new vessels and replacing fishing gear.

The speed and efficiency of the internet has made it an indispensable part of society. They can connect directly without leaving their location to people around the world through applications such as e-mail, social media or instant messaging applications. Having digital literacy skills means being able to use technology effectively to find and evaluate information, communicate with others, and create content. Without these skills, individuals can find themselves left behind in a world where so much of our personal and professional lives are conducted online. Generation Z is a generation that contributes quite high in the use of the internet in Indonesia. based on data from IDN Research Institute in collaboration with Populix from generation Z who access the internet in the range of 7-10 hours / day reaches 20.9%. This research will focus on the ability of digital skills and digital ethics in generation Z. Digital skills are skills needed to be able to live a healthy and productive digital life, and contribute to building a digital cultural environment. The emergence of hate speech, fake news, bullying, pornogoraphy, and fraud in the digital world makes it necessary to know the initial ability to use digital devices owned by users, especially generation Z so that these negative impacts can be avoided. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive research method. This research focuses on students who represent generation Z. The factors analysed in this research include their digital skills and digital ethics. The factors analysed in this study include their digital skills and digital ethics. The data collection technique was distributed through a questionnaire. The results were then presented in the form of descriptive statistics to determine the ability of digital skills and digital ethics of Generation Z. The results of the study discuss several indicators such as the duration of accessing the internet, the use of the internet for communication, for social media, searching for information, the ability of digital skills and digital ethics including the ability to connect devices to the internet network, the ability to download applications and files, the ability to search and access data, information and digital content, the ability to check the correctness of digital information, the ability to compare information, the ability to save data, information and content, the response to share screenshots to social media, Ethics when seeing negative comments on personal posts.

This study aims to develop Android- based Augmented Reality media for learning geography regarding lithospheric dynamics. This research is Research and Development (R&D) research using the ADDIE development model. There are 3 methods used in this research, namely observation, black box testing method, and finally the questionnaire method to obtain validation values and see the feasibility of the Augmented Reality media created. Validation is carried out by experts, materials, media experts and learning experts. After going through validation from experts, the media was then tested on students with a total of 22 students. The results of initial trials using the black box testing method show that the Augmented Reality media application runs well. The results of the material expert validation obtained a percentage value of 82% (valid value category). The validation value of media experts received a percentage value of 84% (valid value category). The learning expert validation received a percentage score of 93% (very valid score category) and the results of the student response questionnaire received a percentage score of 94.41% (very valid score category). Judging from the results of this assessment, it can be concluded that Augmented Reality-based learning media is suitable for use in the learning process.