Background: Scoliosis is a curvature of the spine caused by incorrect posture habits such as sitting and upright. For example. In the wrong sitting position or using a bag that is not correct with a posture will cause pain and can also cause the formation of a type C or S curve in the spine. The findings require many high-quality studies. Therefore, it was necessary to study the effect of Schroth exercise on reducing the degree of scoliosis in teenagers. Objective: To understand the effect of Schroth exercise on reducing the scoliosis curve in teenagers. Methods: a narrative review of population, interventions, comparisons, outcomes using the PICO framework. Articles were identified using 2 databases, PubMed with 791.275 article results, and Google Scholar with 22.900 article results matching keywords. Select items according to the flowchart. Results: A total of 814.175 articles from 2 databases, after screening abstract for title and relevance, 10 articles were identified based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 10 articles demonstrated the effect of Schroth exercise on curvature reduction in teenagers who exercises over 2 weeks 3 times/week and 5 times 60 minutes exercise. Conclusion: Training Schroth exercise can reduce the scoliosis curve in teenagers.

Generally, a person will spend quite a long time using his smartphone. Prolonged use of smartphones can cause musculoskeletal disorders. This event can make the function of the biomotor component decrease. One of the decreased biomotor components is handgrip strength. The role of physiotherapy is needed to educate in avoiding the risk of decreased grip strength. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between smartphone usage duration with handgrip strength in adolescents aged 18-24 years. This research is an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional approach. Sampling using a purposive sampling technique. Fifty women aged 18-24 years who had met the participating criteria were the participants in this study. Handgrip strength was measured using a Camry Handgrip Dynamometer. Smartphone usage duration was obtained from recording the average daily screen time for a month. The average smartphone usage duration the participant's smartphone was 453.88 ± 159.16 minutes. Based on pearson correlation analysis, there is a significant negative relationship weak to moderate strength between smartphone usage duration and handgrip strength (r=-0.51; p=0.00 dominant handgrip, r=-0.33; p=0,02 non-dominant hand grip). Linear regression showed variations in the strength of the dominant handgrip as much as 26.4% and the non-dominant hand grip as much as 11% can be explained by the smartphone usage duration (p<0.05). The conclusion is smartphone usage duration is correlated with a decrease in handgrip strength. The longer using a smartphone, the weaker the grip strength.
 Keywords: screen time, smartphone, grip strength

Individual that greater use of information and communication technologies such as computer, smartphone, or other media has the tendency failure of body postures. Laptop usage has been associated with adolescent neck pain, with daily use of computers exceeding 2-3 hours as a threshold to forward head posture. Forward head posture can affect the result of reducing cervical alignment and mobility of the neck. There are exercises that intention to improving the cervical alignment and mobility, particularly sling-based manual therapy and stabilization exercise. A sling device provide the research subject with optimal loading of each target segment, in actual neutral position, and an environment for exercise in a closed kinetic chain. Spinal mobilization techniques used in manual spinal treatment activate the descending pathway from the peritubular gray region (PAG) of the midbrain. Moreover, stabilization exercise affect postural control through concurrent contractions of the agonist and antagonist muscles to improving cervical alignment and mobility.
 Key Words: Sling; Manual Therapy; Stabilization Exercise; Cervical Alignment; Cervical Mobility; Forward Head Posture

Some things can cause a person to have a dependence on using a computer just like office work or in terms of getting entertainment such as playing video games among adolescents. Some research leads to the duration of playing video games which is one of the risk factors of the MPS. The prevalence of MPS in general population varies by up to 85%. The method used in this study is an analytical observational method with a cross sectional approach. This study used simple random sampling techniques and the study subjects were observed with a one-time measurement of dependent variables. This research design was used to find out whether there was a relationship between the duration of playing video games and myofascial pain syndrome of upper trapezius muscle in adolescents in Denpasar City. The results showed from the total of 59 study samples, there were 46 samples (78.0%) who had upper trapezius MPS and as many as 13 samples (22.0%) who did not experience upper trapezius MPS. The distribution of research samples that experienced MPS was more in adolescents who had excessive duration of playing video games (>2 hours / day) which was 45 samples (76.3%) than samples who had MPS with a normal duration of playing video games (<2 hours / day). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant correlation (p = 0.000) between the duration of playing video games and MPS of the upper trapezius muscle in adolescents in Denpasar City.

Many studies have been conducted to establish the connection between exercise and telomere length, but still have varying results. Telomeres are reiterative DNA sequences (5'-TTAGGGn-3') which function to protect genomic DNA from enzymatic degradation. Telomere length can be used as a biomarker of aging because its repetitive structures are known to be highly relevant in the cellular aging process and the shortening of telomeres that occurs with increasing age is considered as an important contributor to aging in organisms. Several factors that affect telomere length are oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, BMI, lifestyle such as smoking, alcohol intake, stress, increased insulin resistance, and exercise. This study aims to determine the correlation of exercise at different intensities on telomere length. The method used in this study is internet search for journals and articles through several websites. The eligible criteria include studies in English language published between 2012 and 2022. The studies that report the correlation of different intensities exercise on telomere length were selected for the systematic literature review. As a result, the people who perform moderate to vigorous physical activity more in their leisure time, have longer leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and long-term resistance training may exert a protective effect on muscle telomere length in the elderly. Several studies have reported a correlation between prevention of leukocyte telomere length shortening and exercise at a certain intensity successfully.

Agility is used by soccer athletes when passing opponents by dribbling the ball in order to score goals more easily. Body Mass Index (BMI) affects agility. Athletes who have a normal BMI have better agility which is useful for displaying their maximum abilities. Athletes with an abnormal BMI can result in decreased agility and an increased risk of injury. This study aims to determine the correlation between BMI and agility in soccer athletes in Melawi Regency.This research is an analytic observational study with a cross sectional approach. The sample of this study amounted to 105 people who were selected using non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling method. Agility was measured by t-test, while BMI was measured by the result of body weight () divided by the square of height () adjusted by category.Based on the non-parametric chi-square analysis test, the results were p = 0.021 (p<0.05) which indicates that there is a significant correlation between BMI and agility, where the lower the BMI, the higher the agility. This is because the higher the BMI causes an increase in the load that can inhibit muscle contraction.Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between body mass index and agility in soccer athletes in Melawi Regency.
 Keywords : Body Mass Index (BMI); agility; football athletes

The elderly experience structural changes in the function of biological systems in their bodies due to the ageing process they experience. One of the changes that arise in the health aspect as a result of the ageing process is a decline in cognitive function. The decline in cognitive function in the elderly occurs due to gradual changes in the elderly brain, where this can cause the elderly to experience independence in carrying out daily activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cognitive function and the level of independence in doing activities of daily living in the elderly in Banjar Ketapian Kelod, Denpasar City. This type of study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design that uses a consecutive sampling technique. The number of subjects obtained in this study was 62 elderly subjects who met the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through interviews using the MoCA-Ina questionnaire to measure cognitive function and interviews using the Barthel index questionnaire to measure daily activities. Spearman rho non-parametric analysis test results from cognitive function with daily activities obtained p value = 0.000 (p <0.05) and correlation coefficient r = 0.648. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the two variables have a strong, meaningful, and directly proportional relationship between cognitive function and the level of independence in doing activities of daily living in the elderly in Banjar Ketapian Kelod, Denpasar City.
 Keywords: cognitive function; elderly; independence; activities of daily living

A downward trend of physical activity level within the population of college students was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various adjustments within their daily habits caused changes to the population’s sleep quality and physical activity level. The purpose of this study is to research the correlation between physical activity level and sleep quality in preclinical medical students in Udayana University. This study was conducted using an analytic cross-sectional method and consecutive sampling technique involving 282 preclinical medical students of Udayana University from academic year of 2018, 2019, and 2020. The data were obtained via the scores of Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The GPAQ score showed that 123 (43.6%), 127 (45%), and 32 respondents (11.4%) respectively had a low, moderate, and high level of physical activity. Meanwhile, the PSQI score showed that 102 respondents (36.2%) had a good sleep quality and 180 respondents (63.8%) had a bad sleep quality. The average PSQI score of the respondents was 5.23 (cut off = 5). The correlation between the level of physical activity and sleep quality was analyzed using the Chi-Square method and was deemed insignificant (p = 0.172; 2-sided). The majority of preclinical medical students had low-to-moderate level of physical activity and bad sleep quality. No significant correlation was found between level of physical activity and sleep quality in preclinical medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies are needed to determine other factors that might affect physical activity level and sleep quality within the population.
 Keywords : Physical Activity Level; Sleep Quality; GPAQ; PSQI; COVID-19

Physical training is useful so that the body does not quickly experience excessive fatigue during strenuous physical activity, prevents degenerative diseases and improves health status. Physical training has an important role to maintain and improve the degree of physical fitness during this COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the Senam 2004 SKJ gymnastics training can improve physical fitness. This type of research is experimental with the randomized pretest posttest control group design. The sample of this study was 20 students of the Physiotherapy Study Program divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was given SKJ 2004 gymnastics training and Group 2 as a control group, with a frequency of exercise 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The component of physical fitness in this case is VO2Max measured by the Bleeps Test (MFT) instrument. The results of the study on age, height, weight and BMI were analyzed descriptively in both groups. Test the normality of the data using the Shapiro-Wilk Test and test the homogeneity of the data using the Levene Test. Intra-group differences in the mean of VO2Max were tested by paired t-test. The results of the different test with t-paired before and after training, the results obtained in Group 1 and Group 2 were significantly different (p <0.05). The results of the VO2Max test between the two groups before and after the training were tested using the t-independent sample test. The average VO2Max in both groups before training with p value = 0.27 (p>0.05) and after training with p value = 0.00 (p<0.05). In Group 1, the average VO2Max (L/m) before training was 26.45 and the average after training was 38.54 with a difference of 12.09 and a percentage increase of 45.70%. Meanwhile in Group 2, the average VO2Max before training was 25.51 and the average after training was 27.52 with a difference of 2.06 and the percentage increase was 8.07%. This shows that the treatment of group 1 and group 2 both gave a change effect. However, the improvement in group 1 was better than group 2. It was concluded that SKJ gymnastics training can improve physical fitness.