Abstract In 2019, an Extraordinary General Assembly International Council of Museums (ICOM) met in Kyoto, Japan to vote on a new museum definition. Among other things, the controversial proposal described museums as “democratising, inclusive and polyphonic spaces for critical dialogue about the pasts and the futures” that should also aim “to contribute to human dignity and social justice, global equality and planetary wellbeing.” The motion to postpone the vote, which was supported by a large majority in Kyoto, caused a crisis in the most important international organization for museums and museum professionals. In the years since, ICOM Define led an elaborate consultation process resulting in a newly revised museum definition to be voted on at ICOM’s Extraordinary General Assembly in Prague in August 2022. In this conversation, several prominent members of ICOM who have been deeply involved in the debates about a new museum definition take a critical look at the consultation process before Kyoto, the reasons for postponing the vote, the work of ICOM Define, and also share their expectations for Prague.

FAIS is awell-defined clinical entity with morphological alterations, whether constitutional or acquired, that can lead to damage of the labrum and acetabular cartilage following distinct injury patterns with subsequent osteoarthritis. The combination pathology of cam and pincer deformity is the most common variant. The characteristic changes of the chondrolabral complex that are caused by the dysplasia differ from these FAIS changes. Furthermore, femoral torsion also has an impact on the clinical appearance of Cam- or Pincer-FAIS.

Based on an agreement in March 2021 the European commission entered into negotiations with the European Parliament which foresees the cooperation of member states at EU level on joint clinical assessments on health technologies. It is planned this will provide valuable scientific information to national health authorities when they take decisions about pricing and reimbursement of a health technology. This research explores the reactions to this from both representatives from industry and health authorities (payers).

In February, biotech company Bluebird announced they would withdraw their gene therapy Zynteglo for Beta Thalassemia from the German market, after failing to agree on an acceptable price for both parties. Ipsos carried out a payer survey, with the aim to explore the impact of Bluebird’s withdrawal from Germany on future pricing and access for gene therapies.

O artigo discute a relação entre palavra e imagem, partindo da ideia de écfrase. Analisa a hipótese de equivalência entre descrição e objecto e defende a existência de uma possibilidade de entendimento, intuitiva, que se encontra para lá da descrição e, também, da superfície da imagem. Designa esta zona de conhecimento intuitivo de “nebulosa” e defende que ela se materializa numa imagem indefinida. Para tanto, recorre à distinção realizada por W.J.T. Mitchell, entre image e picture, para acrescentar uma terceira dimensão a esta estrutura – a da névoa. O que existe para lá ou no fundo da imagem é a névoa, noção que define a própria imagem.

Since 2011, manufacturers of orphan drugs with sales exceeding €50m have been required to undergo assessment by the Joint Federal Committee(G-BA). Currently, an “additional benefit” is assumed for orphan drugs by the G-BA; however, the “Law for improvement of safety in drug supply”, expected to be implemented in Jul-2019, is likely to impact the assessment. According to the Mar-2019 draft, the G-BA would be able to commit manufacturers to carry out data collection, if not enough evidence is available to assess the benefit at the time of the dossier submission. If no added benefit is demonstrated or no additional data is collected, then this can impact the to be agreed reimbursement price1. The research aimed to evaluate the rationale behind the benefit assessment ratings of orphan drugs and to explore payer’s opinions on the impact of this new law. All completed orphan drugs G-BA assessments between Jan-2011 to May-2019 were reviewed. Drugs receiving a non-quantifiable additional benefit were further studied to identify reasons behind their rating, using the G-BA justification of the resolution documentation. Furthermore, via the IPSOS Dimensions software, 38 payers in Germany were asked about their opinion on the new law, regarding orphan drugs. 115 orphan drug patient-populations were evaluated by the G-BA. 65 drugs were granted a non-quantifiable added benefit. The primary reasons observed were related to the study design, mainly the lack of a direct comparator(n=51) but also the short length of trials, small target population and lack of blinding. Moreover, the new law is expected to worsen the conditions for new orphan drug evaluations. The lack of a direct comparator was the main reason for unquantifiable additional benefit score in orphan indicated. The new law, which addresses the benefit assessment for orphan drugs, will likely add hurdles to manufacture’s developing orphan drugs, according to payers.

The need to consider ethnic and cultural specificities, in addition to language barrier in interaction and care for migrant people, is now a reality for professionals in healthcare contexts. Aiming at the supply of these needs for professionals and migrants, High Commissioner for Migration developed in Portugal (2009-2012), the Intercultural Mediation Project in Public Services, placed intercultural mediators in the contexts: professionals who intervene in the resolution of tensions. In 2015, the Higher Education Network is created at Intercultural, Mediation and the thematic health group: it is proposed the development of an inductive design study with ethnometological orientation, to identify the results of the Intercultural Mediation Project in Public Services. It is intended to highlight some of the results obtained, according to the stage of the study developed. It is concluded the importance of the inclusion of mediators and the potential for the development of their activity in multicultural care contexts teams.

Automobile components have to fulfil comprehensive requirements in terms of functional performance, reliability and production cost which are at the leading edge of technology. For that, they often undergo machining operations. Robust, high-precision machining processes are critical to the reduction of scrap rates which severely affect the cost per part. Owing to this reason, computational modelling of machining by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM) has gained increased emphasis in recent years in order to enhance process design and optimization. A major drawback of FEM in modelling of machining, however, is the handling of mesh distortions which are inherent to cutting processes. In contrast, mesh-free methods such as Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) or Smooth Particle Galerkin (SPG) methods eliminate this drawback. Hence, this paper focuses on the mesh-free simulation of orthogonal turning of a recent cast steel alloy using the SPH and SPG methods. Simulations of variable particle diameters do indicate low do to be favorable for both methods. Forces and chips from mesh-free simulations were compared against FEM simulation and experimental results. Simulations in LS-DYNA and experiments both using Design of Experiments (DoE) were carried out in order to investigate the effects of cutting velocity, feed and rake angle on force components, which demonstrate good agreement of results from mesh-free simulations and tests. With the mesh-free methods the effort to model the machining process was significantly decreased compared to the FEM, however at the expense of higher computation time. In future, mesh-free methods, especially SPG, can significantly improve the efficiency of the machining process layout reducing today’s mostly experimental expense, which arises in particular for recent materials, thereby contributing to the production at the leading edge of technology.

This chapter will cover several aspects of extra-articular shoulder endoscopy, including regional anatomy, indications and several surgical techniques

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to support effective business services provision along the life cycle of complex service-enhanced products, such as the case of solar power plants, and to explore collaborative approaches for multi-stakeholder business services.Design/methodology/approachDesign and implementation of adequate collaboration strategies and cloud-based support mechanisms to facilitate creation and management of collaborative networks in this sector. For this purpose, a conceptual framework, a cloud-based platform and a set of collaboration support tools are proposed. Validation is based on a pilot implementation and interactions with a large group of end users.FindingsValidation results confirmed the suitability of the collaborative networks approach in this sector, which often involves multiple small and medium size enterprises.Originality/valueThe interplay between long-term strategic networks and goal-oriented collaborative networks and their interaction with the various phases of the product-services life cycle correspond to a novel approach in this sector, traditionally focused on a sub-contracting model. This opens new opportunities for enhancing the value of complex products through collaborative value-added services. Of particular relevance is also the adoption of collaborative approaches for service co-creation.