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Mapping the Accessory Proteins (Orfs) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, first observed in December 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has influenced every individual on the planet. The virus has influenced our lifestyle, education, economy, and the environment. Though the vaccines against COVID-19 have protected against the disease, new strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (e.g., Omicron BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5) have lowered the efficiency of the parent vaccines. There is still no effective therapy for the treatment of the disease. Understanding the protein structure of the virus may lead to the development of effective therapies for the disease. We recently mapped the structural proteins and non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The accessory proteins (open reading frames, Orfs) of SARS-CoV-2 modulate the host environment to favor virus replication. This paper reports mapping the accessory proteins (Orfs) of SARS-CoV-2. Method: Using bioinformatics, we mapped the accessory proteins (Orfs) of SARS-CoV-2. Result: Computational modeling predicted that the accessory proteins Orf3a, Orf7a, and Orf7b are transmembrane proteins. Conclusion: Bioinformatics tools were used to map the structure of the accessory proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The accessory proteins (Orfs) Orf3a, Orf7a, and Orf7b are transmembrane proteins.

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