Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the climate change awareness and policy implementation in Canberra. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that while there is a high level of public awareness and concern about climate change among residents, translating this awareness into effective policy action remains a challenge. The local government has implemented various policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainability, but gaps persist in policy enforcement and public engagement. The findings suggest that stronger collaboration between policymakers, community stakeholders, and educational campaigns is needed to bridge the gap between awareness and actionable outcomes in combating climate change in Canberra. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social cognitive theory, framing theory & the theory of planned behavior may be used to anchor future studies on climate change awareness and policy implementation in Canberra. Educational campaigns should incorporate interactive workshops, online resources, and community events that encourage participation and foster a deeper understanding of climate policies. Policymakers should allocate funding for climate education initiatives, ensuring that they are integrated into school curricula and community learning programs, thereby institutionalizing climate education.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the sea level rise and coastal erosion in Miami. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Sea level rise and coastal erosion in Miami are growing environmental concerns due to the city's low elevation and proximity to the ocean. Studies have shown that rising sea levels, driven by climate change, are accelerating the erosion of Miami's coastline, threatening infrastructure, homes, and ecosystems. The increased frequency of tidal flooding and storm surges exacerbates the problem, making coastal areas more vulnerable. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Resilience theory, social vulnerability theory, ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) Theory may be used to anchor future studies on sea level rise and coastal erosion in Miami. Implement local ICZM strategies that involve stakeholders in decision-making processes, ensuring that community needs are met while enhancing coastal resilience. Advocate for policies that support adaptive management practices and funding for local ICZM initiatives.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the renewable energy adoption and carbon emission reductions in Copenhagen, Denmark. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Renewable energy adoption in Copenhagen, Denmark, has led to significant reductions in carbon emissions, driven by the city’s commitment to transitioning from fossil fuels to clean energy sources such as wind, solar, and biomass. Studies indicate that the integration of these renewable energy sources into Copenhagen's power grid has contributed to a reduction of approximately 35% in carbon emissions over the past decade. This success is attributed to strong government policies, financial incentives, and technological advancements that have supported the widespread adoption of renewables. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Sustainable livelihoods framework, integrated water resources Management (IWRM) & theory of planned behavior may be used to anchor future studies on renewable energy adoption and carbon emission reductions in Copenhagen, Denmark. In practice, Copenhagen's approach to renewable energy adoption should be further refined and documented as a best practice model for other cities. From a policy perspective, Copenhagen should continue to lead in setting ambitious renewable energy targets, while ensuring that policies are adaptable to technological advancements and market changes.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the water scarcity and agricultural productivity in Nairobi, Kenya. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Sea level rise and coastal erosion in Miami are growing environmental concerns due to the city's low elevation and proximity to the ocean. Studies have shown that rising sea levels, driven by climate change, are accelerating the erosion of Miami's coastline, threatening infrastructure, homes, and ecosystems. The increased frequency of tidal flooding and storm surges exacerbates the problem, making coastal areas more vulnerable. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Sustainable livelihoods framework, integrated water resources Management (IWRM) & theory of planned behavior may be used to anchor future studies on water scarcity and agricultural productivity in Nairobi, Kenya. Implement training programs for farmers on effective rainwater harvesting techniques, including the use of cisterns and underground storage tanks. Local governments should provide incentives, such as subsidies or tax breaks, for installing rainwater harvesting systems.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the role of climate change in altering bird migration patterns in Vietnam. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Climate change has significantly altered bird migration patterns in Vietnam, primarily due to shifting temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and habitat loss. Warmer temperatures have caused many migratory birds to adjust their timing, either arriving earlier or delaying their departure, which often leads to mismatches with food availability and breeding conditions. Additionally, changes in rainfall patterns have impacted the availability of critical stopover sites, such as wetlands, which are essential for resting and refueling during migration. Habitat loss due to climate change and human activities has further compounded these challenges, threatening the survival of various bird species that rely on consistent migratory routes. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Ecological niche theory, phenological mismatch theory & climate envelope theory may be used to anchor future studies on role of climate change in altering bird migration patterns in Vietnam. Conservation practices should focus on adaptive habitat management that accounts for the changing migration patterns of birds due to climate change. Policymakers should prioritize the development of climate-responsive conservation policies that explicitly address the impacts of climate change on migratory bird species.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate on the evaluation of climate resilience strategies in vulnerable communities in Ethiopia. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: In Ethiopia, climate resilience strategies have been evaluated to address the increasing challenges faced by vulnerable communities. The Partners for Resilience program, implemented by CARE and other partners, has made significant strides in integrating disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and ecosystem management and restoration, positively impacting over 1.2 million people. Efforts have focused on diversifying livelihoods, strengthening civil society's capacity for dialogue and advocacy, and rehabilitating water schemes and farmland. The Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis (CVCA) by CARE Ethiopia has been instrumental in understanding local vulnerabilities and developing adaptive capacities against climate variability. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social-ecological systems theory (SES), community-based adaptation (CBA) theory & vulnerability and resilience theory may be used to anchor future studies on evaluation of climate resilience strategies in vulnerable communities in Ethiopia. Strengthens community ownership, adaptive capacity, and sustainability of resilience interventions. Advocating for integrated policy frameworks that mainstream climate resilience into national and local development plans.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate on the analysis of extreme weather events in coastal regions in Mozambique. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: In Mozambique, coastal regions are increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather events, exacerbated by climate change. Analysis indicates a rise in extreme precipitation events, with a significant increase in the potential for heavier rainfall due to warmer air temperatures, which can hold more moisture. This trend is likely to result in more frequent intense weather events, heightening the risk of flooding. Socio-economic disparities exacerbate the impact of these events, particularly in rural areas with limited infrastructure and preparedness. Efforts to integrate climate change into the developmental agenda are crucial for enhancing resilience and preparedness against these growing risks. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Complexity theory, resilience theory & governance theory may be used to anchor future studies on analysis of extreme weather events in coastal regions in Mozambique. Implement and enhance early warning systems tailored to coastal hazards, including storm surges, hurricanes, and sea-level rise. Advocate for integrated coastal zone management policies that incorporate climate resilience considerations into coastal development planning. Policies should support adaptive governance frameworks that facilitate coordinated responses across multiple sectors and levels of government.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyzing the analysis of glacier retreats and water resource management in Kenya. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Glacier retreat on Mount Kenya has significant implications for water resource management in the region. Studies indicate that the glaciers, which are predicted to disappear by 2030, contribute substantially to river water at the mountain's base, essential for agriculture and household activities. The glacial meltwater takes 40–60 years to reach the base, suggesting long-term impacts on water availability as glaciers diminish. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Systems Theory, adaptive management theory & climate change governance theory may be used to anchor future studies on analysis of glacier retreats and water resource management in Kenya. Develop and implement adaptive water management strategies that are responsive to the impacts of glacier retreat. Governments and international bodies should formulate integrated water resource policies that explicitly address the impacts of glacier retreat.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyzing the evaluation of climate change mitigation policies in developed vs developing countries. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The evaluation of climate change mitigation policies reveals distinct findings between developed and developing countries. Developed nations typically show higher levels of policy implementation and technological adoption aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in measurable declines in carbon intensity across sectors. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Environmental kuznets curve (EKC) theory, diffusion of innovations theory & dependency theory may be used to anchor future studies on evaluation of climate change mitigation policies in developed vs developing countries. Prioritizing capacity building initiatives and technology transfer programs in developing countries supports practical implementation of climate mitigation strategies. Advocating for equitable climate finance mechanisms ensures adequate funding and financial incentives for developing countries to implement climate mitigation actions.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyzing the role of forest conservation in climate regulation in Thailand. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Forest conservation in Thailand plays a vital role in climate regulation through biodiversity preservation, carbon sequestration, and maintenance of ecological balance. It acts as a carbon sink, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and contributes to regional climate stability by influencing local weather patterns. Conservation efforts also protect watersheds, ensuring sustainable freshwater resources. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Biogeochemical cycles theory, ecosystem services theory & forest resilience theory may be used to anchor future studies on role of forest conservation in climate regulation in Thailand. Implementing sustainable practices such as reduced-impact logging, reforestation, and agroforestry promotes forest health and resilience. Strengthening international agreements like the Paris Agreement and regional forest governance frameworks supports global forest conservation efforts.