ABSTRACT This work systematically investigates the properties of the forward ionization wave (FIW) and restrike inside a micro‐channel that is stimulated by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ), highlighted the effect of voltage sources, channel size, and boundary conditions on the formation mechanisms, by both the streak‐camera imaging and two‐dimensional fluid simulation. The results show that a positive FIW is triggered by the intense axial electric field, while it is initiated by the localized high electric field on the channel wall for the negative one. Meanwhile, a positive restrike is triggered by a bulk electric field generated by ion accumulation at the grounded metal surface, while the negative one originates from a sheath‐enhanced high‐field region near the wall.

ABSTRACT Non‐thermal plasma‐liquid systems provide a promising route for water treatment via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, though achieving high efficiency with low energy input remains challenging. A nanosecond‐pulsed underwater plasma bubble reactor was developed for efficient sulfamethoxazole degradation, achieving ~90% removal within 20 min and a high energy yield of ~860 mg·kWh⁻¹. Optical emission spectroscopy indicated enhanced oxygen‐related reactive species under air and O 2 plasmas, correlating with improved degradation performance. Solution chemistry showed increased oxidation‐reduction potential and acidification during treatment. Electron spin resonance confirmed short‐lived radicals (OH, ONOO⁻) and long‐lived species (H 2 O 2 , NO 2 ⁻, NO 3 ⁻). Mechanistic analysis suggests that indirect oxidation pathways dominate via hydroxylation, bond cleavage, and aromatic ring opening, highlighting the importance of plasma chemistry regulation and reactor design.

ABSTRACT This study provides the first evaluation of seed priming with Zn‐ion and Zn‐nanoparticle enriched plasma‐activated water (PAW) in Arabidopsis . Plasma treatment with metallic Zn mitigated acidification, stabilized nitrite alongside nitrate, and promoted Zn²⁺ release, whereas ZnO nanoparticles, applied at seed‐tolerated concentrations, created a less neutral environment favoring nitrite oxidation. PAW slightly altered seed‐coat structure and increased K⁺ efflux, indicating enhanced permeability, improved germination, and higher Zn uptake. Under osmotic stress, priming effects extended to seedlings, which showed increased NO levels, while PA(W+Zn) increased root H₂O₂. Despite reduced viability under stress, PAW enhanced cotyledon growth and stomatal formation, highlighting its potential to strengthen early stress responses.

ABSTRACT Ti–Nb–Sn thin films were deposited onto CoCrMo alloy substrates by magnetron sputtering to enhance surface properties for biomedical applications. Structural and compositional analyses revealed a dense, crack‐free, columnar coating with a sharp interface. Potentiodynamic polarization tests in PBS demonstrated a significant improvement in corrosion resistance, with approximately 70% reduction in corrosion current density and more than 10‐fold increase in polarization resistance compared to the uncoated alloy. Wear tests under dry and PBS conditions showed that the Ti─Nb─Sn coating reduced the wear rate by more than five times, indicating enhanced wear performance. In vitro cytotoxicity assessments using MTT and LDH assays confirmed high cell viability, indicating non‐cytotoxic behavior. Overall, the Ti─Nb─Sn coating offers an effective surface modification strategy for CoCrMo‐based biomedical implants.

ABSTRACT Ethanol conversion in a nanosecond pulsed discharge is investigated by varying pulse width, repetition frequency, interelectrode gap, and ethanol injection rate in an argon‐ethanol plasma. The parameter sweep shows the plasma operates in a spark regime and reveals how energy deposition and discharge memory effect control gas heating and electron‐induced ethanol fragmentation. Longer pulses, wider gaps, and higher frequencies enhance conversion through increased energy delivery, whereas ethanol injection rate has only a minor effect on plasma characteristics. A maximum conversion of 33.5% occurs at a 4 mm gap, 250 ns pulse width, 8 kHz frequency, and 50 µL min⁻¹ injection rate. Product selectivity remains consistent across conditions and matches pyrolysis‐model pathways, indicating the plasma heating process dominates product formation.

ABSTRACT A 0‐D model is proposed that describes the processes in a system including a DC discharge at atmospheric pressure in oxygen and an aqueous solution of parachloroaniline (PCA). The model consisted of coupled subsystems: plasma and solution. The plasma characteristics were found by jointly solving the Boltzmann equation for electrons, the equations of vibrational kinetics, and the equations of chemical kinetics. The kinetics of reactions in the solution included 86 reactions and 24 components. The kinetics of PCA consumption were measured. The rate constants of this process were determined, and a mechanism for PCA decomposition processes was proposed. The results of the modeling are consistent with the experiment.

ABSTRACT The research was focused on oxygen nonthermal plasma regeneration of coke‐deactivated catalysts used for plasma‐catalytic toluene removal from air. The nonthermal plasma was generated in a packed‐bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor at atmospheric pressure using pellet‐shaped catalysts (TiO₂, γ‐Al₂O₃, Pt/γ‐Al₂O₃, Pd/γ‐Al₂O₃). Gaseous products of experiments were continuously analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Plasma regeneration was compared with ozone and thermal regeneration. The results indicated that the plasma regeneration exhibited the highest coke removal efficiency; however, the regeneration was spatially non‐uniform, as confirmed by SEM and TGA. The effect of ozone and heat (100°C) was negligible. GC–MS analysis revealed that coke composed of long‐chain alkanes and oxygen‐ or nitrogen‐substituted aromatics was significantly reduced after plasma regeneration, unlike other regeneration techniques.

ABSTRACT The AC‐driven rotating gliding arc (AC‐RGA) reactor offers advantages in simplifying discharge systems and reducing energy losses. Using CO 2 as the working gas, this study examines how gas flow rate and inlet configuration influence arc dynamics, electrical behavior, and CO 2 conversion. Compared with the single‐inlet design, the four‐inlet configuration generates a more uniform flow field, stabilizing arc rotation, reducing voltage fluctuations, and enhancing CO 2 conversion and energy efficiency. Optical emission spectroscopy and exhaust temperature analyses indicate that the uniform flow suppresses CO and O recombination while promoting CO 2 + formation, thereby improving decomposition efficiency and highlighting the importance of flow uniformity in optimizing AC‐RGA performance.

ABSTRACT Cold plasma, a non‐thermal, partially ionized gas, is emerging as a versatile tool with strong potential to improve sustainable agriculture through pre‐ and post‐harvest stages. Cold plasma‐derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can enhance seed germination, stimulate plant growth, bolster stress tolerance, and inactivate pathogens without causing thermal damage or degrading quality. Pre‐harvest applications include seed treatment, modulation of plant‐associated microbiomes, and enhancement of antioxidant defenses. Post‐harvest, cold plasma enables surface decontamination, shelf‐life extension, and degradation of agrochemical residues in food, water, and soil preserving sensory and nutritional attributes. Although optimization of treatment parameters, long‐term impacts, and development of cost‐effective large‐scale systems remain, integrating cold plasma with other sustainable technologies could firmly position it within future resilient food production systems.