The trochlear nerve supplies the superior oblique muscle. The primary action of this muscle is eye intorsion, with secondary and tertiary actions being eye depression and abduction, respectively. Patients with trochlear nerve palsy will thus complain of vertical diplopia (double vision), often with a torsional component, which is greatest on downgaze and on gaze to the side opposite the paralyzed superior oblique muscle. Patients with unilateral superior oblique palsies typically tilt their heads to the side opposite the paretic muscle to decrease the degree of diplopia.
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