This article examines the influence of ethanol, the main component of alcoholic beverages, on the structural and functional properties of cell membranes, with a particular focus on neuronal membranes. Ethanol is capable of altering the physicochemical characteristics of membranes, which may lead to a disruption of their integrity and functionality. This has significant implications for neuronal activity, including signal transmission and neuron‑to‑neuron interaction. The article also emphasizes the detection of alcohol in the air.

The article examines the features of dopamine regulation in schoolchildren and students, its relationship with learning load and psycho-emotional state. The neurobiological mechanisms and consequences of the imbalance of the dopamine system in education are analyzed. The aim of the work is to study the neurophysiological mechanisms of dopamine regulation and their correlation with educational and emotional parameters in students. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time, the dopamine status of two age groups was analyzed on a single methodological basis, taking into account the effects of stress and emotional state. The work identifies and systematizes the key factors of dopamine deficiency, reveals the neurobiological mechanisms of disorders — from molecular changes to systemic effects in the regulation of motivation and cognitive functions. The study confirms the applied value of dopamine status assessment: the data obtained help to develop differentiated strategies for maintaining mental health and increasing academic productivity.

This article is devoted to the study of the psychological profile of patients at high risk of developing hypertension. The relationship of psychological characteristics such as anxiety, emotional instability, perfectionism and a tendency to suppress emotions with the development of the disease is studied. The psychological profiles of 150 patients with an established high risk of hypertension are analyzed and compared with a control group of 50 healthy volunteers. It has been established that these psychological characteristics contribute to an increased risk of hypertension and affect its course. Arguments in favor of taking psychological factors into account when choosing preventive and therapeutic measures are presented, which opens up new prospects for improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients.

The article presents a methodology for forming an internal quality control (IQC) data array using standardized formulas and quality control procedures based on the "Winter" algorithm. The methodology is implemented using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software and does not require the purchase of specialized software. The paper describes in detail the workflow algorithm, technical requirements, required specialist competencies, and a step-by-step technological process, including the calculation of key statistical parameters: arithmetic mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV%), as well as the construction of control charts. The application of this methodology allows for the unification of approaches to quality assessment, reduction of operator error probability, and acceleration of managerial decision-making.

The paper focuses on physiological mechanisms of refraction and accommodation and the loss of retinal image quality in related disorders. The aim is to systematize major disorder types and current diagnostic and correction approaches. A narrative review and a cross-sectional assessment of 150 symptomatic patients (20–30 vs 40–60 years) were performed. Age-related differences in refractive and accommodative disorders and in correction patterns are presented. The novelty lies in emphasizing modern correction technologies: myopia-control optical designs, orthokeratology, surgical solutions using extended-depth-of-focus intraocular lenses, and pharmacological treatment options for presbyopia.

The article presents an analysis of modern and innovative approaches to stimulating hyperplasia of the planned liver remainder during extended resections performed in patients with multiple colorectal cancer metastases. Surgical and cellular technologies aimed at accelerating liver regeneration are considered. Special attention is paid to the ALPPS technique and hepatocyte transplantation into lymph nodes as promising areas of combination therapy. Experimental and clinical results are evaluated, their practical significance for increasing the radicality of surgical treatment and reducing the frequency of postoperative liver failure is shown.

The possibility of breastfeeding a child with congenital cleft lip and palate is an urgent issue that interests specialists involved in the treatment and comprehensive rehabilitation of children with maxillofacial pathology and parents. An analysis of foreign and domestic scientific publications on the organization of breastfeeding of children with congenital cleft lip and palate in our country and in the world was carried out, a search for literary sources was carried out in the PubMed, CyberLeninka, Elibrary databases. The search concept was to use the following terms (MeSH): feeding a baby with congenital cleft lip and palate in the maternity hospital, cleft lip and palate; breastfeeding; typical parental feeding problems; anatomical and functional disorders in children with maxillofacial pathology affecting the sucking and swallowing process. Links to selected articles were manually searched to identify other possible studies for inclusion in the review. The review included 33 studies. Based on the available foreign and domestic literature, the presented systematic review is aimed at studying studies describing aspects of breastfeeding of children with various types of cleft lips/palate, both in the maternity hospital and at home, in order to prepare parents for the often difficult task of feeding children with this pathology.

Acute pyelonephritis is one of the most common infectious-inflammatory kidney diseases in children. Its course is accompanied by damage to the renal tissue and the pelvic system, which can lead to serious complications, including the outcome in chronic kidney disease. Awareness of the regional features of clinical and laboratory manifestations of this pathology can help a differentiated approach in the diagnosis and therapy of acute pyelonephritis in children. The article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of 64 case histories of children who were hospitalized in the nephrological department of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Republic of Moldova "Children's Republican Clinical Hospital" in Saransk from 1.01.2022 to 1.08.2024 for acute pyelonephritis. It has been established that acute pyelonephritis in children of the Republic of Mordovia at the present stage is characterized by an increase in body temperature of the pyretic and febrile level, with a predominance of pain syndrome in the lumbar region, a combination of leukocyturia with insignificant hematuria in more than half of the cases, a predominance in the structure of E. coli microflora, impaired renal function by osmotic concentration, and an increase in kidney volume in more than a third of the subjects.

Orphan diseases pose a significant problem for clinical medicine due to their rarity, clinical heterogeneity, and genetic variability. Diagnosis is particularly complex in pediatric dentistry, where oral manifestations may be the first or even the only signs of systemic pathology. This article presents two clinical cases of patients with rare genetic disorders – hereditary hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia and hypomelanosis of Ito – both accompanied by pronounced dental symptoms. The importance of early identification of oral signs, interdisciplinary collaboration, and genetic diagnostics is emphasized.

In order to objectify the evaluation of ejaculate viscosity and make it accessible directly to married couples in home, intimate conditions, the author launched the production of a ceramic funnel with a volume of one milliliter, having an outlet channel diameter of 1.5 millimeters - "Alexey Lobkarev's Funnel". Objective: to develop Alexey Lobkarev's spermoviscosimetric nomogram based on statistical analysis of data obtained using Alexey Lobkarev's funnel, and to introduce the term "sperm viscosiflowmetry" and the methodology for its implementation into clinical practice. Materials and methods. The funnel is used by men according to the instructions: during the first minute after ejaculation, it is necessary to fill it with ejaculate, place it horizontally and note the time (in seconds) required for the funnel to empty. A statistical analysis of the time values was conducted. Results. The author suggests that the range from 657 seconds to 4041 seconds be considered the normal range of the Lobkarev’s parameter. Conclusions. The author developed Alexey Lobkarev's spermoviscosimetric nomogram. The term "sperm viscosiflowmetry" and the method for its implementation were also proposed.