Several species of the gut microbiota have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The anaerobic bacterium enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), has been identified to produce fragilysin, a toxin known to cleave E-cadherin, thereby leading to carcinogenesis. To determine the antibody response of CRC patients against ETBF to ascertain whether significant difference exists or whether antibody response is related to tumor grade and tumor stage. Informed consent was obtained from histologically confirmed CRC casesand their age- and sex-matched clinically healthy controls. Plasma samples from the participants were subjected to in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine their antibody levels. Using ETBF total protein as coating antigen, 38/39 (97%) CRC cases and 36/39 (92%) controls showed anti-ETBF IgG above cut-off, while all (100%) CRC cases and 36/39 (92%) controls had anti-ETBF IgA levels above cut-off. With culture broth as coating antigen, all (100%) CRC cases and 37/39 (95%) controls had anti-ETBF IgG levels above cut-off. For anti-ETBF IgA, all (100%) cases and controls had levels above cut-off. Statistical analysis reveals no significant difference (P > 0.05) on the number of CRC cases and controls with IgG and IgA antibody levels above cut-off value. Also, there's no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean anti-ETBF antibody levels of cases who were at different tumor grade (well differentiated and moderately and poorly differentiated) and tumor stage (early and advanced). These results suggest that Filipino CRC cases and their clinically healthy matched controls exhibit antibody responses against ETBF.

Biochar is a carbonaceous solid compound formed by high-temperature of organic waste. The quality of biochar produced is determined by pyrolysis conditions and the type of raw materials. This study focused on the evaluation of the impact of biochar application on soil chemical and microbial properties. Four types of biochar from corn cobs, sawdust, mud press, and rice hull were produced and their chemical composition (pH, Organic Matter, Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, Carbon: Nitrogen Ratio, Available Phosphorus, and Exchangeable Potassium) was analyzed. A pot experiment with five treatments [T1 - Pure Soil; T2 – Soil + corn cob biochar; T3 – soil + sawdust biochar; T4 – soil + mud press biochar; T5 – soil + rice hull biochar] replicated three times was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). An equal amount of soil was placed in pots and mixed with biochar at a ratio of fifty grams (50g) per one-thousand grams (1000g) of soil. A total of fifteen experimental pots were used in the study where each pot contains a soil-biochar mixture of one-thousand five-hundred grams (1500g). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to determine how the soils applied with biochar are affected after sixty days of incubation and determine how biochar sources were related. All four biochar from rice hull, corn cobs, mud press, and sawdust are all alkaline and contain comparable amounts of organic matter, organic carbon, pH, soil nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium. The result of the study showed that biochar application significantly improved soil pH, soil organic matter content, soil organic carbon, and soil nitrogen content. Soils amended with biochar showed comparable amounts of available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The application of biochar in soils therefore can be considered a potential solution to enhance soil fertility for sustainable crop production.

The pandemic has made the role that technology-based instruction, such as the use of Learning Management Systems (LMS), must play even more important. But now that face-to-face classes are resumed, it can assist instruction and the provision of distance learning. This study was founded on the idea that LMS improvement may be made by carefully examining the problems and struggles that students face. A validated and pilot-tested survey instrument and social media interviews were used to collect data for the quantitative and qualitative parts of the study, which involved 1,372 and 10 randomly chosen students, respectively. The Quirino State University’s Excellent, Accessible, Resilient, Adaptive Learning Space (QSU e-ARAL) has considerable value in terms of system, information, interaction, instructional quality, and learning quality, according to the findings, as it offers tools, features, contents, and other components that assist students' efficient and productive learning. Holistic learning has numerous advantages, but its full guarantee cannot be provided by using solely the LMS because of the technical, technological, financial, and engagement problems that students encounter when using it. With this, it is expected that the LMS will be enhanced based on user feedback in order to realize its full potential as a tool for instruction and remote learning.

To survive in the insecurity and challenging world, learners ought to be ready to excel the 21st century skills to work out troubles vigorously. Self-discipline ability acts a vital role in learners' accomplishment. The study aimed to determine the profile of respondents in terms of sex, age, and ethnic affiliation,determine the satisfaction in the use of module in the implementation of modular learning approach during the period of pandemic, and evaluate the significant difference on the satisfaction in the use of module when they are grouped by profile. Questionnaire was used to gather information from the respondents. The data were statistically analyzed using mean, t-test and test all were employed in SPSS. It is concluded that the respondents are satisfied in the use of module. Sex, age, and ethnic affiliation affects the use of module by the LTS, CWTS, and ROTC students. However, the performance of the students in the use of the modules can be conducted regularly, tasks may be updated and be reviewed to improve the content of the modules. More activities be developed in the lessons to enhance more on students’ skills and ability, train teachers on the modern strategy of the modules, provide references and books that enriches the subject and helps carrying out the strategy of the modules, focus on the researches that have importance to develop the teaching methods and connecting them to technology applications in teaching, find the impact of using module on students' achievement, and exploring connections between modular learning and flipped instruction.

The majority of educational systems worldwide have shifted to remote learning as a preventative strategy against the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This phenomenon is producing a lot of difficulties, as articulated by students in developing nations. Thus, this qualitative study sought to explore and understand the difficulties encountered by college students in Quirino State University in Philippines under the new normal of education. A total of 85 participants were purposely and conveniently selected to participate in an electronic survey through Google Forms. Further, to qualify and clarify responses from the respondents, the researchers conducted phone call interviews. The data were evaluated qualitatively using the NVIVO software. The findings revealed that the student’s difficulties in the new normal can be summed in 10 significant themes, namely: i) Vague module content; ii) Poor internet connectivity; iii) Lack of teacher’s guidance and motivation; iv) Financial problems;v) Stress/psychological pressure; vi) Insufficient learning materials; vii) Overloaded academic activities; viii) Conflict with household chores; ix) Personal factors; and x) Poor and inadequate learning environment. On the other hand, students’ coping strategies had four major themes, namely: i) Managing time wisely; ii) Having self-discipline; iii) Taking time for a break; and iv) Seeking help from others.

Air potato, Dioscorea bulbifera L., bulbils are known to contain primary metabolites such as ash, carbohydrates, crude fiber, lipid, moisture and protein. It also exhibited secondary metabolites: anthrones, anthraquinones, coumarins, essential oils, fatty acids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, tannins and triterpenes. Cytotoxicity analyses also revealed its non-toxic nature and thus, safe to be consumed. These scientific data were the bases for developing products for maximum utilization of the crop for household consumption and additional income generation through cultivation. This study focused on the sensory characteristics and acceptability of the identified products of air potato (AP) bulbils for consumption and adoption by farmers. It used the descriptive research design. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as the instrument for gathering the data needed. The data were analyzed using the Hedonic scale, frequency count and mean. The findings showed that air potato halaya (jam) and ice cream were liked and accepted extremely; air potato polvoron and maja (white pudding) were liked and accepted very much; air potato chips and flour were liked and accepted moderately. Air potato flour, mainly the ingredient for polvoron and maja, was slightly liked and accepted due to its bitterness. These evaluations revealed that air potato bulbils when adequately nurtured and prepared can be a vital aid for family consumption, additional livelihood and a cheap rich nutritious source of raw materials. Thus, these significant results strongly recommend air potatoes for cultivation and promotion of the diversity and conservation of their species.

This study explores the efficacy of the developed Bangbangsit katol (Lantana camara Linn.) using dried young and matured leaves, and flowers of the plants in treating mosquitoes. L. camara is known to contain repellent properties to insect pests. Philippines, particularly in its countryside like Quirino province, hosts L. camara pandemically in its topographies. On the other hand, mosquitoes had been one of the vectors of the world’s pandemic health problem of serious human diseases that threaten human existence, i.e. zika virus, malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, among others. Young and matured leaves and flowers of L. camara were freshly picked, air dried, and pulverized. The bangbangsit katol was developed by mixing the pulverized L. camara and corn starch. Corn starch was used as binder in forming the katol. Mosquitoes were cultured and subjected to the fume of the burnt L. camara katol: T1 - young leaves, T2 - matured leaves, and T3 – flowers. Time of death and the number of dead mosquitoes were determined and compared. Findings revealed that there is no significant difference on the number of killed mosquitoes across treatments in the study; however, mortalities in T2 and T3 were found significantly higher when compared to T1. Therefore, Bangbangsit katol (L. camara) is potential in treating deleterious mosquitoes.

Optimum crop production is achievable with scientific soil analyses. Thus, the study was conducted in Quirino province covering rainfed and irrigated rice fields. The purpose of this study is to establish an updated database on the physical and chemical properties of these soils which intends to guide farmers in their rice farming activities, particularly on soil management. Results of the soil physicochemical analysis revealed that irrigated rice soils from Aglipay are Loam to Sandy Loam with a pH of 5.7-6.1 (medium acidic to slightly acidic) while rainfed soils are clayey with a pH of 5.3-7.1 (with strongly acidic to very slightly alkaline found to be generally). Samples collected from irrigated rice areas of Cabarroguis are majority Silty Loam with a pH of 5.8 (medium acidic), and soil samples from rainfed areas are found to be Clay Loam with a pH of 5.7 (medium acidic). On the other hand, samples gathered from irrigated areas of Diffun are dominated by Silt Loam with pH ranges from 5.4-6.3 (medium to slightly acidic); while samples from rainfed areas Clay to Clay Loam and pH of 4-5.5 (strongly acidic). Irrigated soil samples collected from Maddela are Loamy to Sandy Clay Loam with a pH ranging from 5.4-6.3 (medium to slightly acidic); while samples from rainfed were revealed to be silty Loam with a pH of 4.6 (strongly acidic). Irrigated rice soils of Nagtipunan are sandy clay with a pH 0f 6.0 (slightly acidic) while rainfed areas are found to be Clay Loam and Sandy Clay with slightly acidic to very slightly alkaline pH.With this current status of rice soils in the area, it is suitable for rice production. Furthermore, the soils assessed are also suitable for other high-value crops to avoid a monocropping system of farming.

This study is designed to determine the molluscicidal potentials of buwa intsik (Adonida merrillii). Young, matured, and ripe fruits of A. merrillii were crashed and fermented for three weeks and used to treat farm golden kuhol. A. merrillii, which belongs to the order arecales and family palmae, is found to contain arecoline and arecal alkaloid which inhibits acetyl-cholinesterase, and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in the nervous tissue. Exposure to these known alkaloids attacks the central nervous system leading to the death of the golden kuhol. Statistical analyses showed that fermented ripe A. merrillii fruit was the best treatment in treating golden kuhol. Moreover, time of death of the golden kuhol in the fermented ripe fruits was the fastest among the three treatment conditions. Therefore, buwa intsik poses a great potential as molluscicide.

Purpose: Job satisfaction has an impact on employees' general well-being and in promoting a positive work environment, thus, contributes to increased organizational productivity, lower staff turnover, and lower job stress. This study assessed the level of job satisfaction among the Hospitality Management graduates of Quirino State University- Diffun Campus.
 Methodology: It used a descriptive design and a survey questionnaire with a four-point Likert scale in gathering the needed data. Most of the respondents are females, 25 years and below, singles, with casual/contractual employment status, and have salaries of Php 5,000 and below.
 Main Findings: In terms of promotion, the level of satisfaction along unlimited opportunities and a great chance for job promotion varies in terms of sex and age. As to supervision, the level of satisfaction along use of positive feedback with staff differs in terms of sex. On the other hand, the level of satisfaction along salary, fringe benefits & recognition; promotion; supervision; and interpersonal relationship does not vary when respondents are grouped by sex, age, civil status, employment status, and estimated monthly salary.
 Implication of the Study: This study may be useful in gaining an understanding of employees' satisfaction levels, identifying their strengths and shortcomings, and improving their management techniques which are vital in ensuring higher revenues for any organization or institution.