The photocatalytic activation of peroxomonosulfate (PMS) results in the formation of a coexisting catalytic system containing a variety of reactive species, including SO4 ∙−, ∙OH, and ∙O2 −. These reactive species can enhance the kinetics and efficiency of the reaction. Here, a black powdery Co3O4/BaFe12O19 magnetic S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was obtained by co-precipitation calcination and used for the photocatalytic activation of PMS to degrade the simulated dye wastewater Rhodamine B (RhB). The contribution degree of the active species, which played a major role in the RhB degradation in this catalytic system, was found to be in the following order: h+ > ∙O2 − > 1O2. In this catalytic system, the redox cycle of Co2+/Co3+ activation of PMS, photocatalytic activation of PMS, and photocatalytic action synergistically enhanced the catalytic activity. Under optimal conditions, complete degradation of RhB was achieved within 5 min. This work provides a theoretical reference for solving the water pollution problem in an efficient and environmentally friendly way.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is widely used in orthopaedic procedures but suffers from limited bioactivity, hindering bone integration. To overcome this, a bioactive nanocomposite was developed by incorporating akermanite (Ca₂MgSi₂O₇) and graphene oxide (GO) into PMMA. Four formulations were prepared: PMMA, PMMA/Akermanite, PMMA/Akermanite/GO and PMMA/GO. Bioactivity was evaluated via 28 days of immersion in simulated body fluid, with SEM confirming hydroxyapatite formation on the akermanite-containing composites. Akermanite also imparts partial biodegradability to the composite. Mechanical testing revealed a 12.5% increase in the compressive modulus with akermanite addition, which was further enhanced by the addition of 1 wt% GO (~1518 MPa modulus, 33.7% strain, 72.5 MPa yield strength). MTT assays using MG-63 cells demonstrated enhanced viability, adhesion and proliferation. These results indicate that the PMMA/Akermanite/GO nanocomposite effectively improves bioactivity, mechanical performance, biodegradability and the cellular response, making it a promising candidate for load-bearing orthopaedic applications and clinical bone repair.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a family of recalcitrant organic pollutants, and perovskite-type oxides (ABO3) have become promising catalysts for generating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) required to effectively degrade PAHs. The current review strictly analyses the mechanistic knowledge of PAH oxidation on perovskite catalysts, with a specific focus on oxygen-vacancy engineering, defect chemistry, and structure-activity relationships. This work also establishes significant research gaps when making an effort to correlate the synthesis parameters with redox dynamics and catalytic stability in real environmental circumstances. The innovation of this paper is the creation of a mechanistic platform that incorporates material design, catalytic activation modes and environmental use, which form a strong basis for designing the next generation, sustainable perovskite-based systems to detoxify PAH (SDG 6).

Effective nano-platforms that integrate multiple therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to improve breast-cancer outcomes. Therefore, we engineered a breast cancer cell membrane (CM)-mimetic modified hollow cerium oxide nanoparticles (CM@H-CeO2/ID) for photothermal-chemo-immunotherapy of breast cancer. This platform achieves immune escape and active tumour targeting through homologous CM encapsulation; simultaneously, the hollow H-CeO2 carrier is utilised to co-carry ICG and DOX. Upon NIR irradiation, ICG produces hyperthermia that kills tumour cells and releases antigens; DOX then induces immunogenic cell death, and the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox cycling of H-CeO2 scavenges ROS to relieve immunosuppression. This tri-modal synergy markedly promotes dendritic-cell maturation and cytotoxic-T-cell infiltration, elicits systemic anti-tumour immunity and efficiently halts breast-tumour progression, offering a new paradigm for multimodal breast-cancer therapy.

Nephritis couples oxidative stress with immune dysregulation, demanding therapies that localize to inflamed tissue and actively neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS). We engineered a mannose-functionalized cerium oxide nanozyme co-loaded with dexamethasone (Man-CeO₂@DEX) to unify CD206-mediated targeting with self-regenerating Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox catalysis. In acellular assays, Man-CeO₂@DEX most strongly suppressed •OH, outperforming CeO₂ and free DEX. In LPS-primed cells, Man-CeO₂@DEX lowered IL-1β/IL-6 and enhancing macrophage repolarization. The platform couples receptor-guided cellular enrichment with catalytic, continuous ROS clearance to potentiate local glucocorticoid action while minimizing systemic exposure. These data establish Man-CeO₂@DEX as a translatable strategy for ROS-driven renal inflammation.

ABSTRACT This study presents a novel tri-fibre hybrid composite consisting of flax fibre, hemp fibre and sugarcane bagasse embedded in a vinyl ester matrix. Six composite formulations (H1–H6) were fabricated by varying the fibre composition at a constant resin content. The mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile, flexural, impact, and Shore D hardness tests. Sample H6 (SB 20%, HF 15%, FF 15%) exhibited superior performance, achieving improvements of 40.7% in tensile strength, 44.1% in flexural strength, 44.4% in impact strength, and 10.2% in hardness compared to H1. Thermal and structural stability were confirmed using TGA, XRD, and FTIR analyses. One-way ANOVA indicated highly significant improvements (p < 0.001). ML models were applied to predict the tensile strength, with the random forest model achieving the highest accuracy (95.4%). The results demonstrate the potential of these hybrid composites for sustainable biomedical applications.

This study introduces a novel magnetic field sensor based on an acoustic wave device integrated with a phononic crystal (PnC) structure. Embedding PnCs within the acoustic platform enhances wave confinement and energy localization, significantly improving sensor sensitivity. The proposed PnC features a periodic ternary unit cell [Terfenol-DA/PMMA/Terfenol-DB]N, where magnetostrictive Terfenol-D layers of different thicknesses enable tunable mechanical properties under varying magnetic fields. This tunability modifies the phononic band gap width, providing a direct response to external magnetic field intensity. A modified transfer matrix method (TMM) is employed to analyze band gap behavior and reflectance variations. Simulation results show a clear correlation between magnetic field strength and band gap shifts. Optimized geometrical parameters yield high performance, with a sensitivity of 3880 Hz/Oe, Figure of Merit of 2.625 × 10⁻³ Oe⁻¹, detection limit of 537 × 10³ Oe, resolution of 2050.27 × 10⁶ Hz, and signal-to-noise ratio of 0.131, making it highly effective for magnetic sensing applications.

This study presents a graphene-based metasurface sensor designed for haemoglobin detection within the terahertz (THz) frequency regime. Numerical simulations were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics, which employs the finite element method (FEM) to resolve the electromagnetic field distributions and quantify the sensor's spectral characteristics. Under these optimized conditions, the proposed sensor exhibits a global sensitivity of 225 GHz/RIU (R² = 0.90), a quality factor of 14.358, a figure of merit of 8.019 and a detection limit of 0.131 RIU for haemoglobin concentrations ranging from 10 to 40 g/L, corresponding to refractive indices between 1.34 and 1.43. The numerical analysis reveals a strong linear correlation between the resonance frequency and analyte concentration across the entire tested range. Furthermore, the K-nearest neighbour (KNN) regression model demonstrates cross-validated prediction accuracies between 92% and 98% across the simulated dataset.

In this study, barium titanate (BT) and polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites with different BT:PANI ratios (80:20, 70:30 and 60:40) as well as pure BT were processed, and their structural, morphological and dielectric characteristics were examined. When the content of PANI was increased, X-ray diffraction showed a systematic improvement in the crystallite size (40–64 nm) and strain (0.0007–0.0029) in the following order: pure BT < BT:PANI 80:20 < BT:PANI 70:30 < BT:PANI 60:40. Scanning electron micrographs showed a clear coral-like shape, confirming successful composite-formation and interaction with one another. The FTIR spectra demonstrated the coexistence of PANI's quinoid and benzenoid ring vibrations with BT's Ti–O stretching modes. Additionally, dielectric permittivity studies showed that as PANI's amount increased, the real permittivity got enhanced, thereby indicating a better charge storage capacity and losses were reduced. These results underscore that modifying BT with PANI by nanocomposite formation can enhance structural and dielectric performance, making them attractive for battery applications.

This study demonstrates DLP-printed mini-channel filters. Arrays with 0.5 and 1.0 mm apertures were made from plant-derived UV resin and characterized by geometry, wettability, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, three-point bending with FEA, and filtration tests. Cured resin showed contact angles of 72° (flat), 86° (0.5 mm), and 78° (1.0 mm). Time-lapse imaging showed imbibition in 1.0 mm channels (~0.26 s) but slower uptake in 0.5 mm channels (~95 s), consistent with capillary and Washburn scaling. Flexural tests showed higher strength for 0.5 mm channels (12.41 MPa) but greater flexibility for 1.0 mm channels (10.33 MPa); failure modes matched FEA, which reproduced maximum stresses within 0.16% (0.5 mm) and 8.32% (1.0 mm). Filtration showed sawdust retention yet more clogging for 0.5 mm, higher throughput but lower capture for 1.0 mm, with performance converging at 5% sawdust. SEM revealed clogging-prone micro-bumps, while FT-IR confirmed polymerization and sawdust-related bands, showing resins enable efficient, reliable filtration.