To minimize traffic congestion, the application of compatible graphs is used to establish a more optimal total waiting duration at the traffic flow at the Pekanbaru airport intersection. Traffic flow at the Pekanbaru airport intersection is more congested on Sunday due to weekends, where this study was conducted on Sunday afternoon, May 29, 2022. The purpose is to optimize the total waiting duration of the existing traffic lights in the area, waiting for the vehicle stop time obtained in all aspects of the lane, from the observations that have been made obtained compatible graphs. By applying compatible graphs, two different hypotheses are used. The first hypothesis turns left following a traffic light which is 100 seconds. Meanwhile, the second hypothesis of turning left does not follow a traffic light of 120 seconds. Where the wait duration obtained is the optimum waiting duration with a compatible graph, the waiting duration in the current field is much more optimal than the waiting time after using the compatible graph

An option is a contract between two parties in which the option holder has the right to buy or sell a certain amount of instrument at a certain price within a predetermined period of time. The purpose of this study was to determine the price of buy and sell european type options using the regime switching lognormal 2-state model. The parameters of the regime switching lognormal 2-state model are estimated using the EM Algorithm. This study used secondary data on stock prices with parameter estimation results showing a standard deviation in state-1 of 0.025543 with an average of 0.006355 and a standard deviation in state-2 of 0.051013 with an average of -0.005482. The estimated results obtained the price of european type selling and buying options of 98.40 and 1033.48 respectively for the execution price of 4000.

The visits of foreign tourists are quite a concern because they can be used as a source of regional and state economic income. The decline in tourist arrivals in recent years caused by the impact of this pandemic has sufficiently affected the economic cycle in areas that are usually tourist destinations. The purpose of this research is to find out the number of foreign tourist visits in the future so that the authorities can make further decisions. The method used in this research is simple linear regression. The data used in this study is the number of foreign tourists in 2015-2021 coming from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). From the results of the study it was found that the results of predicting the number of foreign tourists using the simple linear regression method showed increasing results from year to year, namely starting in 2022 there were 29,584,805.

One of the important parts of forming insurance products is determining premium rates on an insurance policy contract. A new strategy is needed in determining premium rates. Funds managed by insurance companies are obtained from premium payments by the insured and capital provided by the financier to the insurance company. The funds are used to pay benefits to the insured, meet the costs required by the insurance company and provide benefits to the financier. Insurance companies must consider profits in calculating premium rates for these funds to be managed properly. In modeling the profit that a company needs to achieve, the management and shareholders usually provide a certain profitability measure, such as Return on Investment, Profit Margin, Spread Margin, Surplus strain, etc. This study discusses pricing calculations and analysis using several profitability targets, namely Profit Margin (PM), Return on Investment (ROI), and Solvency on one of the dual-purpose insurance products at PT Asuransi Jiwa XYZ with the assumption of grading down interest every two years. The results show that calculating the premium value using the profitability target is more profitable using the Profit Margin target than the ROI target because Profit Margin does not produce multiple conditions. In addition, it is found that the ROI and Profit Margin before Solvency are greater than the ROI and Profit Margin after Solvency. This is because in calculating premiums with Profit Margin and ROI targets after Solvency is imposed, the company's liability limit is higher than it should be.

Cocoa production in North Sumatera Province from 2007 to 2018 tends to decline. The low cocoa production in North Sumatera Province is below optimal conditions which impact on the economic sector, so forecasting is necessary in order to support the development of the upcoming cocoa industry in North Sumatera Province. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of cocoa production in 2021 in North Sumatera Province using the double exponential smoothing brown method. With parameter values and values obtaining the form of the equation for forecasting the level of cocoa production in 2021 in North Sumatera Province using double exponential smoothing brown is . Form the research result, the amount of cocoa production in 2021 in North Sumatera Province obtained tons.