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Alternative identification of wood from natural fallen trees of the Lecythidaceae family in the Central Amazonian using FT-NIR spectroscopy

The scientific identification of natural fallen trees in tropical forests is complex due to the lack of fertile material in field collection. The study evaluated the use of near-infrared spectroscopy with Fourier-transform (FT-NIR) in the discrimination of wood from fallen trees of the Lecythidaceae family. Seven trees were collected in the Central Amazonian region (Brazil), from which 63 specimens were prepared from the wood, and NIR spectra were obtained on different wood surfaces (total 756 spectra). Chemometric models were developed with a spectral data set, and the Mahalanobis algorithm was applied. The discriminant model with 2nd derivative spectra improved the identification capacity, resulting in errors < 5% in the identification of genus Couratari (3 ssp.), Eschweilera (2 ssp.), Holopyxidium (1 sp.) and Lecythis (1 sp.). The comparison of the spectral signatures of samples of fallen trees and wood library revealed that even when wood was exposed to environmental weathering, around 50% of the original bands were preserved, favouring discrimination at the genus level. The accuracy of the chemometric models developed indicates the applicability of FT-NIR spectroscopy integrative in identifying fallen trees from the Lecythidaceae family in the tropical forests.

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An integrated ecosystem service-based approach for the sustainable management of forested islands in South Korea

Implementing sustainable island forest management policies requires categorizing the islands into groups based on key indicators and establishing a consistent management system. This study proposes a novel framework to support an ecosystem service-based approach to managing forested islands in South Korea. First, a typology of six forested island categories is established based on varying extents of natural vegetation cover (as a percentage of forest cover) and connectivity to the mainland. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis was conducted with island forest experts to identify priority ecosystem services (ESs) for the sustainable management of each island type. On connected islands, provisioning services (natural resources and natural medicines) are more important than regulatory (erosion control) or supporting services (genetic diversity). On unconnected islands, particularly those with a small proportion of natural vegetation, regulatory services (erosion control) require a greater emphasis on management. Since Type 3 islands require urgent management as connectivity to the mainland makes natural vegetation=sparse island forest ecosystems vulnerable to anthropogenic activities, the land-use scoring method was performed on Jin-do. Comparisons between the AHP-derived expert demand for key island ESs and the spatial distribution of ES supply potential revealed mismatches between supply and demand for erosion control, freshwater supply and habitat provision. The framework developed in this study can help guide policy and decision-making processes and indicate where interventions should be focused to achieve sustainable island management.

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Drivers and impacts of land use and land cover changes on ecosystem services provided by the watersheds in the Philippines: a systematic literature review

This study investigates the drivers and impacts of land use and land cover (LULC) changes on ecosystem services provided by the Philippine watersheds, aiming to enhance understanding of sustainable watershed management and land use planning in the country. A systematic literature review assessed LULC change studies from 2013 to 2022. Notably, among the category of ecosystem services, regulating services such as hydrologic regulation and soil erosion control received significant attention, while provisioning services, supporting services and cultural services received comparatively less attention. However, in general, considering the trend of watershed degradation in the country, the studies conducted linking the impacts of land use and land cover change on watershed ecosystem services are relatively few. Also, the impacts of land use and land cover change on watershed ecosystem services were not elaborately explored and mostly centered on either a single or selected ecosystem services. This suggests that a more holistic approach in assessing the impacts of land use and land cover change on the watershed ecosystem services can be considered for future studies. The primary drivers of LULC change were agricultural expansion, urbanization and human settlements, population factors, forest conversion, agricultural demand and profit motives. Among these, urbanization and human settlements were most frequently mentioned. The main impacts of LULC changes on watershed ecosystem services were associated with hydrologic processes. These findings have implications for future research, land use planning, and decision-making processes, aiming to advance sustainable watershed management and preserve ecosystem services.

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