Pigments are colored compounds that play important roles in various biological systems, such as photosynthesis, vision, and signalling. Pigment-producing bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that can produce a wide range of pigments with different colors and properties. The present study is aimed to isolate the pigment-producing bacteria from the soil with the antibacterial activity of pigments. Soil samples were collected from nearby Karad city. All eight different pigmented colonies were isolated that produced the pigments like Yellow, Red, Golden Yellow, and Orange and they were designated as YP-I, YP-II, YP-II, GYP-I, GYP-II, RP-I, RP-II, and OP. The isolated organisms were characterized with the help of Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. The pigments were extracted with a solvent like chloroform and the antibacterial activity of the extract was tested against E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The extracted pigments had an inhibitory effect on both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. The pigments of isolates designated as YP-III, GYP-I, GY-II, and RP-II showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli.

Many plants contain constituents that exhibit antibacterial activity. Tribes in Palghar district still depend on medicinal plants available nearby in the region and most of them are used for first aid remedies, to treat cough, cold, fever, headache, wounds and some simple ailments.The present study aimed to check the antibacterial activity of these plants found at various locations in Palghar district of Maharashtra. The study was carried out using the crude extracts of dried leaves, these plants are used as medicines by the folk tribes of Palghar. The medicinal plants used in study were Abrus precatorius, Adhatoda vasica, Calotropis gigantea, Crotalaria retusa, Jatropha gossypifolia, and Vitex negundo. The antibacterial activity of methanolic, ethanolic and Aqueous dried leaf extracts of these plants were tested on the laboratory cultures of the pathogenic organisms namely Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Agar diffusion method. From the study carried out, except for Calotropis gigantea and Jatropha gossypifolia all plant leaf extracts were observed to have some antimicrobial activity against at least one reference bacterial strain. It was observed that methanolic and ethanolic dried leaves extracts of the plants used in the study were found to be more effective against the reference strains, as compared to the aqueous extract.

Pomegranate is an important commercial fruit crop of an Indian farmer. India produces about 5 lack tones/annum pomegranate. Pomegranate yield is however, adversely affected by a variety of diseases. The management of any disease however, requires the correct and precise identification of the sample. Fruit gradation is one of the most important parts in fruit horticulture. The project design presented in this paper is from same problematic area. In our project design we developed systems which classify diseases affecting pomegranates using K-means clustering and SVM techniques. We are classifying the different pomegranate varieties in accordance with their diseases. This paper deals with pomegranate grading and identification of disease system with judging parameters. The specialty of design is it creates a model which helps to decide appropriate criteria for healthy fruit. This work was highly useful in selection of pomegranate fruits having bacterial blight disease. It was useful in further disease management studies.

The present study describes the effect of water on reproduction of the mud crab, Scylla serrata from Dahanu creek of Palghar district. The man-made activities such as addition of sewage, suspended solids, heavy metals affect adversely the ecosystem These manmade activities as well as changes in environmental parameters, apart from sources of thermal discharge and radioactive substances, affect the balance of ecosystem. Seasonal variations in the sea water parameter viz. pH, salinity, TDS, BOD and DO etc. affect biotic community. Water compositions have great influence on the supply of nutrients to the aquatic animal which ultimately affect the growth and reproduction phenomenon. Effluents released by thermal power station and industrial area affected the productivity of economically important crustaceans. Therefore, efforts were made to understand the study of effect of physico- chemical parameters of water on the reproduction of mud crab Scylla serrata by using standards method The pH values were fluctuating throughout the period of study. Salinity, TDS, BOD, and DO also showed variation throughout the year. The calculations of Mean and Standard Deviation and Correlation coefficient were done using MS-Excel 2007 and used for interpretation of data. It was observed that salinity (33.22 gm/kg), temperature (27 0 C) and dissolved oxygen (5.82 mg/l) were responsible for maturation of gonads

The most common liquid fuel from algae is biodiesel. Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or biodiesel is typically produced by a reaction-Transesterification between triglycerides and alcohol (most commonly methanol) at 60–70°C and in the presence of an alkaline or acidic homogeneous catalyst at atmospheric pressure. In addition to triglycerides in the lipid fraction, algae oil also contains a substantial quantity of free fatty acids (FFAS) and some moisture. In the present study the biodiesel was produced by using the algae. The algae were collected from a pond water from Karad, Maharashtra, India. The algae were studied for microscopic observation and was identified as Pithophora sp. The yield of the biodiesel was found to be 47.619 ml/100 g of algae. The biodiesel was found to be having green yellowish colour and chemicalodour.

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) or plant hormones are the chemical species that profoundly influence the growth and differentiation of various parts of plant. PGRs called biostimulats or bioinhibitors, act inside plant cells to stimulate or inhibit specific enzymes or enzymes systems and help regulate plant metabolism. To study on this review is the brief introduction and applications of various plant growth regulators including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids and jasmonates, triacontanol, triazoles and polyamines. Several novel plant growth regulators discovered in the recent past includes compounds like Melatonin, Serotonin, Strigolactone, Harzianolide and Karrikins. This review presents a Recent Advances in Use of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs), the Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and their applications and Novel Plant Growth Regulators and their Potential Uses in Agriculture.

Strawberry is soft, luscious, nutritious, tasty, and perishable fruit which are grown in temperate climatic conditions where the plant like a small perennial herb and also grown in a sub-tropical climate whose plant behaves as an annual belonging to the family Rosacea. Application of growth regulators has been practiced commercially to increase the production and quality of crops. Gibberellic acid has a significant role in plant heights, number of runners, number of flowers, fruit set percentage, number of fruits, fruit size, fruit weight and fruit quality. In this study we present influence of gibberellic, yield and fruit quality of strawberry, Triacontanol and NAA on growth on yield and quality, chlormequat. Gibberellins are well-known for acting as a long-day hormone in short-day plants. Gibberellin treatment increases vegetative growth but limits flower development applied gibberellic acid promoted blooming and growth. However it was observed that the highest effect on leave, runner, crown, inflorescence and flower production. Triacontanol, Activol and NAA resulted in increased vegetative growth of strawberry as compared control. Highest crown height (7.2cm) was obtained with 100 ppm Activol and highest leaf number/plant (7.2) and leaf region (49.4m2) were obtained with 50ppm tricontanol treated plants.