The number of students with disabilities has been increasing nowadays for higher education. Students with disabilities in universities are excluded from the research fields in Nepal although there are some researches done on school children with disabilities and people with disabilities in the family and society: college students with disabilities need to be studied. This study focuses on the lived experiences of students with disabilities while pursuing their studies at Tribhuvan University, Nepal. A hermeneutic phenomenological research method within qualitative approach was applied. A purposive sampling technique was used to select five students with disabilities in this study. The major findings are that the disabled students encountered mainly infrastructure/physical structure barriers, university policy and practice barriers, the university executives’ (un)conscious/ (un)intentional ignorance and attitude barriers while pursuing studies. The students with vision impairment and motor impairment underwent the difficulty with disable-unfriendly physical structures, university policy and practices. The hearing impaired students expressed that the usual class was not for them, and nobody was in the campus for interaction with them. The findings mean the university environments were unfriendly, hostile and adverse to the disabled students. This study may motivate the executives to modify the policy, practices and attitudes toward the disabled.

This paper makes a comparative analysis of racial discrimination faced by the characters in the novels, The Kite Runner and Disgrace. Both novels are based on non-western settings and the characters become the victim of racial segregation. British rulers first promoted racial injustice in the process of expanding colonialism. As a result, racism emerged as a dominant factor of oppression of the people by power holders. Authors, in both novels, have shown their characters victimized by racial domination. In Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, the central character, Hassan becomes the victim of ethnic oppression as Amir and Assef dominate him and force Hassan and his father leave their home. Amir and Assef belong to Pashtuns and Hassan and his father belong to Hazaras in the Muslim community. They belong to different ethnic groups and the majority group dominates minority groups. Next, they become victims of Taliban oppression and are tortured and killed mercilessly. In Coetzee’s Disgrace, the central character, David Lurie as a white professor seduces his black student, Melanie Isaac, using his predominant racial power. Next, his daughter, Lucy is raped by three black men as a byproduct of the post-apartheid era. Racial attitude has created problems in the lives of the characters as they undergo many kinds of suffering in the novels. For analyzing the novels, racism has been used as a theoretical tool to explore the problems concerning human relationships. In The Kite Runner, there is the domination of one ethnic group over another ethnic group treating them as inferior and non-human. In Disgrace, there is the domination of whites over blacks and the domination of blacks over whites. Both novels reflect that racism based on any level is a social evil caused by human relationships and it has always negative effects on society. Due to racial segregation, one group dominates another group creating social problems.

Public Service Marketing has been used as game plan to enhance service delivery in the public sector. A gap has been seen in using quality service dimensions and public service marketing concept for enhancing service delivery in public sector. This study therefore assessed the citizen’s perception regarding the quality of public service marketing on service delivery in public sector of Nepal. Special references have been taken from students studying master degree in Management at Prithvi Narayan Campus, Pokhara. Descriptive and quantitative research design has been employed for this study. Out of 180 total populations under study, 50 samples have been taken by using simple random sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires using Google Form. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 statistical tools. Quantitative statistical results were analyzed. The practical implications is to assess the perception of citizens i.e. students of master degree in this study towards quality service delivery and customer satisfaction. The study revealed that the perception of students towards quality service delivery and customer satisfaction is different among the groups but there have been positive impact of quality of public service marketing factors on service delivery with customer satisfaction. However, overall perception towards the service quality and satisfaction is not good. Additionally, easy access to service and good behaviors of employees in public sector were deemed to be essential for positive enhancement in citizen's perceptions regarding the quality of public service marketing on service delivery. The study was limiting only two service delivery factors therefore, it will be recommended to study numerous additional influencing elements like cost, time and communication that can be used in research in future as quality of service delivery factors.

The selection of dominant routes for transit-based evacuation planning problems mainly depends upon the structure and nature of the available network. To achieve efficient evacuation planning, the problem is not only on the selection of a route and a shelter for each route on the available network topology but also on the route-to-vehicle assignment and vice versa, which is more complex and challenging in real practice. The evacuation network adds complexity to the solution and impacts the problem. In this paper, the transit-based evacuation network has been revised from different perspectives focusing on the symmetric type networks with their dominant evacuation planning routes to have the minimum evacuation cost.

Microfinance plays a critical role in consumer entrepreneurship development. This study measures the impact of microfinance services on entrepreneurship development in the Pokhara valley using a sample of 320 individuals. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) are employed to assess the relationship between microfinance services and entrepreneurship development. The CFA results indicate a strong fit, aligning with the hypothesized model. Path analysis reveals significant positive associations between lending services, training and education services, and consultancy services provided by microfinance firms and entrepreneurship development. Conversely, saving services show a negative and insignificant association. These findings underscore the positive impact of certain microfinance services on entrepreneurship development, suggesting the need for policymakers and microfinance company management to prioritize the enhancement of lending, training, and consultancy services while reevaluating the effectiveness of saving services in promoting entrepreneurial endeavors.

This paper envisages the history and the trend of English language teacher education in Nepal. It reflects the outcome of the content analysis available on teacher education in the context of Nepal in printed materials and through online archives chosen purposively. For this, themes like teacher education in the past, teacher education in the ICT era and opportunities of continuous professional development in the context of Nepal were developed and authentic materials and documents relevant to the English language teacher education were analyzed, organized and reflection was written based on subjective interpretation. Analysis led to the conclusion that English language teacher education has a short history with remarkable achievements through continuous improvement. The provision of teacher education made by government and other organizations are found to have helped to maintain equalities and uniformities among teachers and professionals developing their career and imparting knowledge living in sophisticated area of the city center and the remote and rural areas of the multi-topographies of the country Nepal. However, the exposure the professionals have received in the comfortable zone has boosted the potentiality of them more in comparison to the ones who have been imparting knowledge, educating poor and marginalized people and earning livelihood in the remote areas.

With reference to the title “Level of satisfaction on Socio- Economic Condition of Occupation changed Employee in Dalit Caste in Kaski” has main purpose of the study to explore the socio-economic condition and their satisfaction level in Dalit community in Kaski. This study uses descriptive cum analytical research design with 300 sample taken from rural and urban area from Nepali, Bishwokarma and Pariyar caste. The purposive and stratified sampling was used as multi stage sampling system. Standard set of questionnaire was used to collect the data from primary sources and inferential statistics chi-square test was used to show the level of satisfaction. Data processing of the study used SPSSS program. Level of satisfaction of occupation changed Dalit was average where there is significance association between occupation changed with overall satisfaction level but no occupational changed Dalit caste has no significant association with overall satisfaction at 5 % level of significant. It is highly recommended to make suitable policy by government that Dalit can change their occupation according to change in environment in Dalit caste to get high level of satisfaction from change in socio-economic situation.

Close reading opens the way to comprehend a text critically, which provides surface and underlying meanings. It systematises a thoughtful reading with social interaction based on textual evidences and concludes to a proposition and argumentation. It enables the reader to observe the text and contextualize the meanings and ideas derived from it in the practical sphere of life as well. College students study to learn reading strategies and skills. The purpose of this paper is to present a sample of close reading in Robert Frost’s poem, “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.” This paper has used qualitative descriptive method to qualify the essence of close reading in the poem. This research paper has described the stages of close reading to unravel the general understanding and underlying pattern of Frost’s poem. This paper becomes more useful to teachers and advanced readers to read literary and non-literary texts effectively. The activities discussed in this paper stimulate them to read other texts closely. It broadens the horizon of understanding after dealing with very careful and precise details that evoke the insights of knowledge. This dynamics of reading, in this way, enriches the critical faculty of readers.

In today’s context the demand for healthcare service has increased due to people’s awareness on the importance of health and quality of life. Though there is a lot of advancement in medical technology employees are considered an important asset of an organization. Employees' commitment is important matter to consider because the presence of committed employees helps in reducing absenteeism, delays and turnover in the organization. So, the aim of the study is to investigate the factors affecting organizational commitment of employees in healthcare sector of Kathmandu Valley. In order to fulfill the objectives of the study, the survey was conducted using a well-structured and self-administered questionnaire. The sample of 185 was randomly selected from sampling frame of 4683 employees of 11 private hospitals of Kathmandu Valley. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. The study revealed that the level of employee commitment is moderate in hospitals of Kathmandu Valley. The findings derived from multiple regression analysis confirmed that organizational reward and work-life balance are important factors that positive and significantly affect organizational commitment. It indicates that higher the organizational reward and work-life balance, higher would be the organizational commitment. However, supervisory support, training and development and organizational culture do have insignificant influence on organizational commitment of employees in health care sector of Kathmandu Valley. Thus, it is assured that the results from the study are more valid and they could have a significant policy implication for concerning health sector authorities of Nepal.

This paper has explored the Buddhist Middle Path doctrine in Rudyard Kipling’s novel ‘Kim’, which was written in the background of colonized India. The Buddha first enunciates The Middle Path in Dhammacakkappavattana-sutta, and teaches people to avoid two extremes: self-indulgence and self-mortification in daily life in order to free themselves from attachment and suffering. This article has observed how this idea is reflected in words and actions in two characters, namely the lama, a Buddhist monk and an orphan English lad in Kim. After briefly talking about what Buddhism has said about Middle path of living, interpretation goes on studying how the lama as a Buddhist monk himself applies the doctrine and whether the boy understands and realizes the significance of its practically in his life or not. The paper has used deductive logical approach on qualitative contents and extracts from authentic literary discourse and draws conclusion from interpretation and analysis on how both characters apply the Middle path of living in words and actions. The finding shows that the lama and Kim do not have any religious conflicts and misunderstanding for they both get simply guided by value and practicality of the Middle Way of living. They show less attachment to the things they perform, explore and accomplish.